List of Indo-European languages facts for kids
List of Indo-European languages
This list is of Indo-European languages. These languages all sprung from a common source called Proto-Indo-European.
- 'Armenian
- Albanian(Albania and Kosovo)'
- Baltic languages
- Italic languages
- Slavic languages
- East Slavic languages
- West Slavic languages
- Czech-Slovak languages
- Lechitic languages
- Sorbian
- South Slavic languages
Images for kids
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Indo-European languages worldwide by country Official or primary language Secondary official language Recognized Significant No use
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Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. Anthony
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Scheme of Indo-European language dispersals from c. 4000 to 1000 BCE according to the widely held Kurgan hypothesis. – Center (5th.-4th. mill. BCE - Proto-Indo-European): Steppe cultures (West Eurasian Steppe, Pontic–Caspian steppe) 1 (black): Anatolian languages (early / archaic PIE) 2 (black): Afanasievo culture (ancestral to Tocharians and Tocharian languages) (middle PIE) 3 (black): Yamnaya culture expansion (Pontic–Caspian steppe, Danube Valley) (late PIE) (southwest black line): Proto-Italic, Proto-Celtic and other possible Indo-European branches 4A (black): Western Corded Ware [NN] (black): pre-Proto-Germanic [NN] (dark yellow): proto-Balto-Slavic (Balto-Slavic languages of the Baltic and Slavic peoples) 4B-C (blue & dark blue): Bell Beaker; adopted by Indo-European speakers 5A-B (Fatyanova-Abashevo) (red): Eastern Corded ware 5C (red): Sintashta (proto-Indo-Iranian) 6 (magenta): Andronovo 7A (purple): Indo-Aryans (Mittani) 7B (purple): Indo-Aryans (Āryāvarta, modern northern India and Pakistan, later expanding towards Sri Lanka and the Maldives) 8 (grey): proto-Greek 9 (yellow): proto-Iranian (Iranian languages of the Iranian peoples) – [not drawn]: Armenian, expanding from western steppe and settling in the Armenian Highlands by a western or an eastern route.
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Anatolian languages in 2nd millennium BC; Blue: Luwian, Yellow: Hittite, Red: Palaic.
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Iron Age Italy (c.500 B.C.). Italic languages in green colours.
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Length of the Roman rule and the Romance Languages
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Romance languages in Europe (major dialect groups are also shown).
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European extent of Romance languages in the 20th century
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Eastern and Western Romance areas split by the La Spezia–Rimini Line; Southern Romance is represented by Sardinian as an outlier.
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Romance languages in the World. Countries and sub-national entities where one or more Romance languages are spoken. Dark colours: First language, Light colours: Official or Co-Official language; Very Light colours: Spoken by a significant minority as first or second language. Blue: French; Green: Spanish; Orange: Portuguese; Yellow: Italian; Red: Romanian.
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Animated Map – Celtic languages over time from 900 BC to 2000 AD. Note: The inclusion of Lusitanian and Tartessian as Celtic is not accepted by all.
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Map of the Gaelic-speaking world. The red area shows the maximum extent of Old Irish (common ancestor of Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx); the orange area shows places with Ogham inscriptions; and the green area are modern Gaelic-speaking areas. Orkney and Shetland islands were never majority Scots Gaelic or Scottish Gaelic speaking.
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Armenian dialects, according to Adjarian (1909) (before 1st World War and Armenian Genocide). In many regions of the contiguous area shown in the map, Armenian speakers were the majority or a significant minority.
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Modern geographical distribution of the Armenian language.
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Anatolian Greek until 1923. Demotic in yellow. Pontic in orange. Cappadocian in green. Green dots indicate Cappadocian-Greek-speaking villages in 1910.
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Geographic distribution of modern Indo-Iranian languages. Blue, dark purple and green colour shades: Iranic languages. Dark pink: Nuristani languages. Red, light purple and orange colour shades: Indo-Aryan languages. Areas where languages overlap are shown in stripes.
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Approximate distribution of ancient Iranian languages in 100 BC. Eastern Iranian languages appears in orange and Western Iranian languages appears in red, although the representation in the map is not totally accurate. Old Iranian languages, Eastern and Western, were spoken in a large Eurasian landmass area that included most of south Eastern Europe, south west Siberia, Central Asia, including parts of western China, and the Iranian Plateau. The Scythian languages (including Saka), that belonged to the Northern Eastern Iranian languages subgroup, were the ones with the biggest geographical distribution, they were spoken in most of the steppe and desert areas of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, matching most of the western half of the Eurasian steppe, which corresponds to modern southern European Russia and south Russian west Siberia and parts of southern central Siberia, modern southern Ukraine, an enclave in the east Pannonian Basin, in modern Hungary, all of modern Kazakhstan, parts of modern Xinjiang, in Western China, modern Kyrgyzstan, and parts of modern Uzbekistan and modern Turkmenistan. Later Scythian languages were also present in northern India by migration of part of the ancient Iranian peoples forming the Indo-Scythians. This was the geographical distribution until the first centuries A.D., after that time, Turkic migration and conquests along with Turkification, made many ancient Iranian languages go extinct.
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Nuristani languages.
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Distribution of language groups and major modern Indo-Aryan languages. Pink: Dardic; Dark Blue: Northwestern Indo-Aryan; Purple: Northern Indo-Aryan; Red: Western Indo-Aryan; Orange: Central and East Central Indo-Aryan; Yellow: Eastern Indo-Aryan; Green: Southern Indo-Aryan. Areas where languages overlap are shown in stripes.
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Germanic languages and main dialect groups in Europe after 1945.
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Area of Balto-Slavic dialect continuum (purple) with proposed material cultures correlating to speakers Balto-Slavic in Bronze Age (white). Red dots= archaic Slavic hydronyms.
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Baltic languages (extinct languages shown in stripes).
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Russian Language – Map of all the areas where the Russian language is the language spoken by the majority of the population. Based on the latest census available per country (2013). Russian is the biggest Slavic language both in number of first language speakers and in geographical area where the language is spoken (a vast land area of Eastern Europe and North Asia – Siberia, i.e. most of Northern Eurasia).
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According to Allentoft (2015), the Sintashta culture probably derived at least partially from the Corded Ware culture. Nordqvist and Heyd (2020) confirm this.
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See also
In Spanish: Anexo:Lenguas indoeuropeas para niños
