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Water polo at the Summer Olympics facts for kids

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Water polo at the Summer Olympics
Water polo pictogram.svg
Governing body FINA
Events 2 (men: 1; women: 1)
Games
  • 1896
  • 1900
  • 1904
  • 1908
  • 1912
  • 1920
  • 1924
  • 1928
  • 1932
  • 1936
  • 1948
  • 1952
  • 1956
  • 1960
  • 1964
  • 1968
  • 1972
  • 1976
  • 1980
  • 1984
  • 1988
  • 1992
  • 1996
  • 2000
  • 2004
  • 2008
  • 2012
  • 2016
  • 2020
Note: demonstration or exhibition sport years indicated in italics

  • Medalists
Overall statistics (men • women)
Champions (men • women)
Team appearances (men • women)
Player appearances (men • women)
Top goalscorers (men • women)
Goalkeepers (men • women)
Flag bearers and oath takers
Venues
Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre (1)
Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Water polo is an exciting team sport played in the water. It has been a part of the Summer Olympic Games since 1900. For a long time, only men's teams competed. But in 2000, women's water polo was added to the Olympics too!

The country with the most success in men's water polo is Hungary. For women's water polo, the United States has won the most gold medals. Interestingly, Italy is the only country that has won gold in both the men's and women's water polo tournaments.

History of Olympic Water Polo

London 1908 Water Polo
Water polo final at the 1908 London Olympics

Water polo started as a team sport in England and Scotland in the mid-1800s. It quickly became popular. Men's water polo has been in almost every Summer Olympic Games since the very beginning, except for 1896. Women's water polo joined the Olympics in 2000.

Early Games

Men's water polo was one of the first team sports at the modern Olympic Games in 1900. Seven teams from four European countries competed. The team from Great Britain won the first gold medal.

In the 1904 Summer Olympics, only three club teams from the United States played. A German team wanted to join, but they couldn't because their players were not all from the same club. The games took place in a pond in Forest Park. At first, this event was not officially recognized. But in 2021, it was officially added to the 1904 Olympic program. Water polo was not played in the 1906 Olympics.

From 1908 to 1920, the Great Britain men's national water polo team was amazing! They won three gold medals in a row. This was the first time any water polo team had such a winning streak at the Olympics.

Hungary's Strong Teams

The Hungary men's national water polo team has played in 22 out of 27 Olympic tournaments. They have won a total of fifteen Olympic medals, including nine gold medals! From 1928 to 1980, Hungarian teams won medals in twelve Olympics in a row. Then, from 2000 to 2008, they won three more gold medals in a row. This made them the second team to have an Olympic winning streak in water polo.

The "Blood in the Water" Match

One of the most famous water polo matches ever is called the Blood in the Water match. It happened at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. It was a semi-final game between Hungary and the Soviet Union.

This match was played on December 6, 1956. Just before the games, the Hungarian revolution had started. The Soviet army had stopped the uprising. This made the game very intense. The match was rough and violent. Hungary was winning 4–0 when the game was stopped in the last minute. This was to prevent angry Hungarian fans from reacting to a Soviet player punching Hungarian player Ervin Zádor. Pictures of Zádor's injuries were seen all over the world. This is how the match got its famous name.

The Hungarian team went on to win the gold medal. They beat Yugoslavia 2–1 in the final game.

Women's Water Polo Joins the Olympics

Women's water polo became an Olympic sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Six countries competed in the first women's tournament. The home team, Australia, won the gold medal. They beat the United States in the final.

From 2012 to 2021, the United States women's team won three gold medals in a row. This made them the first women's water polo team to have an Olympic winning streak.

Where Water Polo is Played

Water polo is now popular in many countries around the world. It is especially big in Europe, including Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Spain. It is also popular in Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, 51 countries from six continents have sent their water polo teams to the Olympic Games. Men's water polo teams from Europe have won all 27 official tournaments. Women's teams from Europe, North America, and Oceania have won all six gold medals. Teams from Africa, Asia, and South America have not yet won an Olympic medal.

Olympic Water Polo Venues

Tatsumi Water Polo Centre
The Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center was used for water polo at the 2020 Olympics.

Many different places have hosted water polo at the Summer Olympics. So far, 34 venues have been used or will be used.

The first water polo competitions in 1900 were held in the Seine River in Paris. In 1904, the events took place in Forest Park in St. Louis.

The first time water polo was played somewhere other than a river or lake was at the 1908 London Olympics. It wasn't until the 1920 Olympics that a special place was made just for water sports. The 1948 Games were the first where water polo was played both indoors and in more than one location. The first time a water polo venue was completely separate from other water sports venues was at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.

The Water Polo Arena for the 2012 London Olympics was the first venue built just for water polo at the Olympics. It was taken down after the games.

  • France Paris 1900: Seine, Paris
  • United States St. Louis 1904: Forest Park, St. Louis
  • United Kingdom London 1908: White City Stadium, White City
  • Sweden Stockholm 1912: Djurgårdsbrunnsviken, Stockholm
  • Belgium Antwerp 1920: Stade Nautique d'Antwerp, Antwerp
  • France Paris 1924: Piscine des Tourelles, Paris
  • Netherlands Amsterdam 1928: Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium, Amsterdam
  • United States Los Angeles 1932: Swimming Stadium, Los Angeles
  • Germany Berlin 1936: Olympic Swimming Stadium, Berlin
  • United Kingdom London 1948: Empire Pool (final), Wembley; and Finchley Lido, North Finchley
  • Finland Helsinki 1952: Swimming Stadium, Helsinki
  • Australia Melbourne 1956: Swimming/Diving Stadium, Melbourne
  • Italy Rome 1960: Piscina delle Rose and Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto (final), both in Rome
  • Japan Tokyo 1964: Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool, Tokyo
  • Mexico Mexico City 1968: Francisco Márquez Olympic Pool (final) and University City Swimming Pool, both in Mexico City
  • West Germany Munich 1972: Dantebad and Schwimmhalle (final), both in Munich
  • Canada Montreal 1976: Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard and Olympic Pool (final), both in Montreal
  • Soviet Union Moscow 1980: Swimming Pool - Moscow and Swimming Pool - Olimpiysky (final), both in Moscow
  • United States Los Angeles 1984: Raleigh Runnels Memorial Pool, Malibu, California
  • South Korea Seoul 1988: Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool, Seoul
  • Spain Barcelona 1992: Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc and Piscines Bernat Picornell (finals), both in Barcelona
  • United States Atlanta 1996: Georgia Tech Aquatic Center, Atlanta
  • Australia Sydney 2000: Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre, Ryde; and Sydney International Aquatic Centre, Sydney
  • Greece Athens 2004: Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre, Athens
  • China Beijing 2008: Ying Tung Natatorium, Beijing
  • United Kingdom London 2012: Water Polo Arena, London
  • Brazil Rio de Janeiro 2016: Maria Lenk Aquatics Centre and Olympic Aquatics Stadium (finals), Rio de Janeiro
  • Japan Tokyo 2020: Tokyo Tatsumi International Swimming Center, Tokyo
  • France Paris 2024: Paris Aquatics Centre (prelims phase) and Paris La Défense Arena (final phase)
  • United States Los Angeles 2028: Long Beach Waterfront
  • Australia Brisbane 2032: Sleeman Centre

Olympic Water Polo Events

Water polo has been played at the Olympics for many years.

Notes
The X means the tournament was an official Olympic medal sport.
The bullet () means it was an unofficial sport.
Event 96 00 04 08 12 20 24 28 32 36 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24 Games
Men's tournament X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 29
Women's tournament X X X X X X X 7
Total 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

How Teams Qualify and Play

Getting to the Olympics

Teams must qualify to play water polo at the Olympics. Since 2012, there are five main ways teams can qualify:

  • The country hosting the Olympics automatically gets a spot.
  • The top team from the FINA Water Polo World League can qualify.
  • Up to three top teams from the World Aquatics Championships can qualify.
  • The champions from five different continental tournaments (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, Oceania) can qualify.
  • The last few spots are given out at a special World Qualification Tournament. Here, the best teams that haven't qualified yet compete for the remaining places.

Game Rules and Format

A water polo match has four quarters, each lasting eight minutes. If the score is tied after these four quarters, the teams have a penalty shootout to decide the winner. This involves 5 rounds, with extra rounds if it's still tied.

For the 2020 Olympics (which happened in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), both men's and women's tournaments followed a specific format:

  • Group Stage: Teams are put into two groups. Each team plays every other team in their group once.
    • Teams get 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss.
  • Knockout Stage: The top four teams from each group move on to this stage.
    • This is a single-elimination tournament, meaning if you lose, you're out. It includes quarterfinals, semifinals, and then the matches for the gold and bronze medals.

Number of Players

In an Olympic water polo match, each team has 7 players in the pool at one time. For the whole tournament, teams can have a certain number of players on their roster. This number has changed a bit over the years. For the 2020 Olympics, both men's and women's teams could have 13 players on their team roster.

Men's Tournament Results

This table shows the winners of the men's water polo tournament at the Olympics.

# Year Hosts Gold medal game Bronze medal game Number of teams
Gold Score Silver Bronze Score 4th place
1 1900
Details
France
Paris

Great Britain
(Mixed team)
(Osborne Swimming Club)
7–2
Belgium
(Brussels Swimming and Water Polo Club)

France (Mixed team)
(Libellule de Paris)

France
(Pupilles de Neptune de Lille #2)
7
2 1904
Details
United States
St. Louis
Water polo was an unofficial sport Water polo was an unofficial sport
3 1908
Details
United Kingdom
London

Great Britain
9–2
Belgium

Sweden

Netherlands
4
4 1912
Details
Sweden
Stockholm

Great Britain
8–0
Sweden

Belgium
5–4
Austria
6
5 1920
Details
Belgium
Antwerp

Great Britain
3–2
Belgium

Sweden
5–0
United States
12
6 1924
Details
France
Paris

France
3–0
Belgium

United States
3–2
Sweden
13
7 1928
Details
Netherlands
Amsterdam

Germany
5–2
Hungary

France
8–1
Great Britain
14
8 1932
Details
United States
Los Angeles

Hungary
Round-robin
Germany

United States
Round-robin
Japan
5
9 1936
Details
Germany
Berlin

Hungary
Round-robin
Germany

Belgium
Round-robin
France
16
10 1948
Details
United Kingdom
London

Italy
Round-robin
Hungary

Netherlands
Round-robin
Belgium
18
11 1952
Details
Finland
Helsinki

Hungary
Round-robin
Yugoslavia

Italy
Round-robin
United States
21
12 1956
Details
Australia
Melbourne

Hungary
Round-robin
Yugoslavia

Soviet Union
Round-robin
Italy
10
13 1960
Details
Italy
Rome

Italy
Round-robin
Soviet Union

Hungary
Round-robin
Yugoslavia
16
14 1964
Details
Japan
Tokyo

Hungary
Round-robin
Yugoslavia

Soviet Union
Round-robin
Italy
13
15 1968
Details
Mexico
Mexico City

Yugoslavia
13–11 (aet)
Soviet Union

Hungary
9–4
Italy
15
16 1972
Details
West Germany
Munich

Soviet Union
Round-robin
Hungary

United States
Round-robin
West Germany
16
17 1976
Details
Canada
Montreal

Hungary
Round-robin
Italy

Netherlands
Round-robin
Romania
12
18 1980
Details
Soviet Union
Moscow

Soviet Union
Round-robin
Yugoslavia

Hungary
Round-robin
Spain
12
19 1984
Details
United States
Los Angeles

Yugoslavia
Round-robin
United States

West Germany
Round-robin
Spain
12
20 1988
Details
South Korea
Seoul

Yugoslavia
9–7 (aet)
United States

Soviet Union
14–13
West Germany
12
21 1992
Details
Spain
Barcelona

Italy
9–8 (aet)
Spain

Unified Team
8–4
United States
12
22 1996
Details
United States
Atlanta

Spain
7–5
Croatia

Italy
20–18 (aet)
Hungary
12
23 2000
Details
Australia
Sydney

Hungary
13–6
Russia

Yugoslavia
8–3
Spain
12
24 2004
Details
Greece
Athens

Hungary
8–7
Serbia and Montenegro

Russia
6–5
Greece
12
25 2008
Details
China
Beijing

Hungary
14–10
United States

Serbia
6–4
Montenegro
12
26 2012
Details
United Kingdom
London

Croatia
8–6
Italy

Serbia
12–11
Montenegro
12
27 2016
Details
Brazil
Rio

Serbia
11–7
Croatia

Italy
12–10
Montenegro
12
28 2020
Details
Japan
Tokyo

Serbia
13–10
Greece

Hungary
9–5
Spain
12
29 2024
Details
France
Paris
12

Women's Tournament Results

This table shows the winners of the women's water polo tournament at the Olympics.

# Year Hosts Gold medal game Bronze medal game Number of teams
Gold Score Silver Bronze Score 4th place
1 2000
Details
Australia
Sydney

Australia
4–3
United States

Russia
4–3
Netherlands
6
2 2004
Details
Greece
Athens

Italy
10–9 (aet)
Greece

United States
6–5
Australia
8
3 2008
Details
China
Beijing

Netherlands
9–8
United States

Australia
9–9 (aet)
(3–2) (ps)

Hungary
8
4 2012
Details
United Kingdom
London

United States
8–5
Spain

Australia
13–11 (aet)
Hungary
8
5 2016
Details
Brazil
Rio

United States
12–5
Italy

Russia
12–12
(7–6) (ps)

Hungary
8
6 2020
Details
Japan
Tokyo

United States
14–5
Spain

Hungary
11–9
ROC
10
7 2024
Details
France
Paris
10

Overall Medal Count

This table shows which countries have won the most medals in Olympic water polo. It's sorted by gold, then silver, then bronze medals. The information is up to December 31, 2021.

Remember, Italy is the only country to win both the men's and women's water polo tournaments at the Summer Olympics. The Italian men's team won gold in 1948, 1960, and 1992. The women's team won gold in 2004.

Legend
  • NOC – A country that won medals in both men's and women's tournaments.
  • NOC – A country that no longer exists (like the Soviet Union).
Rank NOC Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  Hungary (HUN) 9 3 5 17
2  United States (USA) 4 6 5 15
3  Italy (ITA) 4 3 3 10
4  Yugoslavia (YUG) 3 4 0 7
5  Great Britain (GBR) 3 0 0 3
6  Soviet Union (URS) 2 2 3 7
7  Serbia (SRB) 2 0 2 4
8  Spain (ESP) 1 3 0 4
9  Croatia (CRO) 1 2 0 3
 Germany (GER) 1 2 0 3
11  Australia (AUS) 1 0 2 3
 France (FRA) 1 0 2 3
 Netherlands (NED) 1 0 2 3
14  Mixed team (ZZX) 1 0 1 2
15  Belgium (BEL) 0 4 2 6
16  Greece (GRE) 0 2 0 2
17  Russia (RUS) 0 1 3 4
18  Sweden (SWE) 0 1 2 3
19  Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) 0 1 1 2
20  Unified Team (EUN) 0 0 1 1
 West Germany (FRG) 0 0 1 1
Totals (21 entries) 34 34 35 103

Countries Winning Two Medals in One Olympics

As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, four countries have won two water polo medals in the same Olympic Games (one for men's and one for women's).

Legend
  •     – The host country for that Olympics.
Year Men's tournament Women's tournament
Gold Silver Bronze Gold Silver Bronze
2000  Russia  Russia
2004
2008  United States  United States
2012
2016  Italy  Italy
2020  Hungary  Hungary

Water Polo Athletes at Ceremonies

Flag Bearers

Evert Kroon 1976
Evert Kroon was the flag bearer for the Netherlands at the closing ceremony of the 1976 Olympics.

Some water polo players have had the special honor of carrying their country's flag at the opening or closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games. As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, thirty water polo players from six continents have been flag bearers. Three of these flag bearers also won the water polo tournament with their team!

Charles Smith from Great Britain was the first water polo player to be a flag bearer at the Olympics.

Manuel Estiarte from Spain, who played in six Olympics, carried the flag at the opening ceremony of the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

After winning gold in the women's tournament, Carmela Allucci, the captain of the Italian women's water polo team, carried Italy's flag at the closing ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics. She was the first female water polo player to have this honor.

Legend
  •  2008 O  – Opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics
  •  2012 C  – Closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics
  •     – The host country.
  •  Flag bearer  – A female flag bearer.
  • Flag bearer – A flag bearer who won the tournament with their team.
Water polo people who were flag bearers at the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games
# Year Country Flag bearer Birth Age Height Team Pos Water polo tournaments Period
(age of
first/last)
Medals Ref
1 2 3 4 5 6 G S B T
1 1912 O Great Britain Charles Smith 1879 33 1.86 m
(6 ft 1 in)
 Great Britain GK 1908 1912 1920 1924 16 years
(29/45)
3 0 0 3
2 1920 O Belgium Victor Boin 1886 34  Belgium FP 1908 1912 4 years
(22/26)
0 1 1 2
3 1924 O Great Britain Arthur Hunt 1886 37  Great Britain FP 1924 0 years
(37/37)
0 0 0 0
4 1928 O France Jean Thorailler 1888 40  France GK 1912 1920 8 years
(24/32)
0 0 0 0
5 1948 O Australia Les McKay 1917 31  Australia FP 1948 0 years
(31/31)
0 0 0 0
6 Yugoslavia Božo Grkinić 1913 34  Yugoslavia FP 1948 0 years
(34/34)
0 0 0 0
7 1952 O Egypt Ahmed Fouad Nessim 1924 27  Egypt GK 1948 1952 4 years
(23/27)
0 0 0 0
8 1956 O Singapore Lionel Chee 1931 25  Singapore FP 1956 0 years
(25/25)
0 0 0 0
9 Yugoslavia Zdravko-Ćiro Kovačić 1925 31  Yugoslavia GK 1948 1952 1956 8 years
(23/31)
0 2 0 2
10 1968 O Brazil João Gonçalves 1934 33 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in)
 Brazil FP 1960 1964 1968 8 years
(25/33)
0 0 0 0
11 Netherlands Fred van Dorp 1938 30 1.90 m
(6 ft 3 in)
 Netherlands FP 1960 1964 1968 8 years
(21/30)
0 0 0 0
11 1968 C Netherlands Fred van Dorp 1938 30 1.90 m
(6 ft 3 in)
 Netherlands FP 1960 1964 1968 8 years
(21/30)
0 0 0 0
12 1972 O Yugoslavia Mirko Sandić 1942 30 1.98 m
(6 ft 6 in)
 Yugoslavia FP 1960 1964 1968 1972 12 years
(18/30)
1 1 0 2
13 1976 C Netherlands Evert Kroon 1946 29 1.92 m
(6 ft 4 in)
 Netherlands GK 1968 1972 1976 8 years
(22/29)
0 0 1 1
14 1980 O Hungary István Szívós Sr. 1920 59 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)
 Hungary FP 1948 1952 1956 8 years
(27/36)
2 1 0 3
15 1984 O Netherlands Ton Buunk 1952 31 1.96 m
(6 ft 5 in)
 Netherlands FP 1972 1976 1980 1984 12 years
(19/31)
0 0 1 1
16 1988 C United States Terry Schroeder 1958 29 1.90 m
(6 ft 3 in)
 United States FP 1984 1988 1992 8 years
(25/33)
0 2 0 2
17 1996 O Croatia Perica Bukić 1966 30 1.98 m
(6 ft 6 in)
 Yugoslavia FP 1984 1988 12 years
(18/30)
2 1 0 3
 Croatia FP 1996
18 FR Yugoslavia Igor Milanović 1965 30 1.95 m
(6 ft 5 in)
 Yugoslavia FP 1984 1988 12 years
(18/30)
2 0 0 2
 Yugoslavia FP 1996
19 2000 O Spain Manuel Estiarte 1961 38 1.78 m
(5 ft 10 in)
 Spain FP 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 20 years
(18/38)
1 1 0 2
20 2004 O Croatia Dubravko Šimenc 1966 37 2.01 m
(6 ft 7 in)
 Yugoslavia FP 1988 16 years
(21/37)
1 1 0 2
 Croatia FP 1996 2000 2004
21 2004 C Italy Carmela Allucci 1970 34 1.67 m
(5 ft 6 in)
 Italy FP 2004 0 years
(34/34)
1 0 0 1
22 2008 O Montenegro Veljko Uskoković 1971 37 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)
 Yugoslavia FP 1996 2000 12 years
(25/37)
0 0 1 1
 Montenegro FP 2008
22 2008 C Montenegro Veljko Uskoković 1971 37 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)
 Yugoslavia FP 1996 2000 12 years
(25/37)
0 0 1 1
 Montenegro FP 2008
23 2012 O Hungary Péter Biros 1976 36 1.96 m
(6 ft 5 in)
 Hungary FP 2000 2004 2008 2012 12 years
(24/36)
3 0 0 3
24 2016 O Croatia Josip Pavić 1982 34 1.95 m
(6 ft 5 in)
 Croatia GK 2008 2012 2016 8 years
(26/34)
1 1 0 2
25 2016 C Montenegro Predrag Jokić 1983 33 1.88 m
(6 ft 2 in)
 Serbia and Montenegro FP 2004 12 years
(21/33)
0 1 0 1
 Montenegro FP 2008 2012 2016
26 2020 O Serbia Filip Filipović 1987 34 1.96 m
(6 ft 5 in)
 Serbia FP 2008 2012 2016 2020 13 years
(21/34)
2 0 2 4
27 Montenegro Draško Brguljan 1984 36 1.94 m
(6 ft 4 in)
 Montenegro FP 2008 2012 2016 2020 13 years
(23/36)
0 0 0 0
28 2020 C Greece Ioannis Fountoulis 1988 33 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in)
 Greece FP 2012 2016 2020 9 years
(24/33)
0 1 0 1
29 Croatia Andro Bušlje 1986 35 1.99 m
(6 ft 6 in)
 Croatia FP 2008 2012 2016 2020 13 years
(22/35)
1 1 0 2
30 Montenegro Dušan Matković 1999 22 1.90 m
(6 ft 3 in)
 Montenegro FP 2020 0 years
(22/22)
0 0 0 0
# Year Country Flag bearer Birth Age Height Team Pos 1 2 3 4 5 6 Period
(age of
first/last)
G S B T Ref
Water polo tournaments Medals

Oath Takers

Victor Boin 1922
Victor Boin was the Oath taker at the opening ceremony of the 1920 Olympics.

Some athletes and officials from the host countries are chosen to take the Olympic Oath at the opening ceremonies. This is a promise to compete fairly and respect the rules. As of the 2020 Summer Olympics, four people from water polo have had this honor.

Victor Boin from Belgium was an athlete who took the very first Olympic Oath at the 1920 Games in Antwerp.

Eugeni Asensio, a water polo referee from Spain, took the Officials' Oath at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Another water polo referee, Australian Peter Kerr, took the Officials' Oath at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

Asumi Tsuzaki from Japan took the Officials' Oath at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. She was the first female water polo referee to be given this honor.

Legend
  •     – The host country.
  •  Oath taker  – A female oath taker.
  • Oath taker – An oath taker who won the tournament with their team.
Water polo people who were oath takers at the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games
# Year Oath Country Oath taker Birth Age Water polo tournament Ref
1 1920 Athletes' Oath  Belgium Victor Boin 1886 34 1908 1912 As player
2 1992 Officials' Oath  Spain Eugeni Asensio 1992 As referee (official)
3 2000 Officials' Oath  Australia Peter Kerr 1996 2000 As referee (official)
4 2020 Officials' Oath  Japan Asumi Tsuzaki 1989 32 2020 As referee (official)

More About Water Polo

  • Water polo at the World Aquatics Championships
  • FINA Water Polo World Rankings
  • List of water polo world medalists
  • Major achievements in water polo by nation
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