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| Windham County, Connecticut | |
| Map | |
 Location in the state of Connecticut |
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 Connecticut's location in the U.S. |
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| Statistics | |
| Founded | May 12, 1726 |
|---|---|
| Seat | none (1960-present)
Willimantic (1893-1960) Windham (1726-1893) |
| Largest town | Windham |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
521 sq mi (1,349 km²) 513 sq mi (1,329 km²) 8.5 sq mi (22 km²), 1.6% |
| PopulationEst. - (2015) - Density |
116,573 231/sq mi (89/km²) |
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 |
Windham County is a county located in the northeastern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. As of the 2010 census, the population was 118,428, making it the least populous county in Connecticut. It forms the core of the region known as the Quiet Corner.
Windham County is included in the Worcester, MA-CT Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area.
The entire county is within the Quinebaug and Shetucket Rivers Valley National Heritage Corridor, as designated by the National Park Service.
The area that is now Windham County became of interest to the English around 1635, but went unsettled for over fifty years due to its lack of access to the shore. John Winthrop took a strong interest to this land, purchased land from the Narragansetts, and was given permission by the court of Connecticut to settle in October 1671. In 1678, a tract of land, called Joshua’s Tract (Joshua was the son of Mohegan chief Uncas), was willed to Connecticut officials, and in February 1682, it was gifted to Samuel and Daniel Mason. In 1684, 1200 acres of land was sold to Jonathan Curtis, Thomas Dudley, and Samuel, among others, by the Nipmunks.
Windham County was created from Hartford and New London counties on 12 May 1726 by an act of the Connecticut General Court. The act establishing the county states:
In May 1749, the town of Woodstock, formerly New Roxbury, Worcester County Massachusetts, was unilaterally annexed by Connecticut and assigned to Windham County. In 1785, the town of Union (incorporated in 1734) was transferred to the newly formed Tolland County. Over the next century, Windham County would lose several towns to Tolland and New London counties: Coventry to Tolland in 1786, Lebanon to New London in 1824, Columbia and Mansfield to Tolland in 1827, and Voluntown to New London in 1881. The final boundary adjustment occurred on April 7, 1885, when the boundary dispute between the towns of Windham and Mansfield was resolved.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 521 square miles (1,350 km2), of which 513 square miles (1,330 km2) is land and 8.5 square miles (22 km2) (1.6%) is water.
The highest point in Windham County is Snow Hill in Ashford at 1,210 feet.
Major highways through Windham County include Interstate 395, which runs north-south from the New London County line at Plainfield to the Massachusetts state line at Thompson. The southern part of I-395 is part of the Connecticut Turnpike, which branches off the interstate in Killingly and runs east-west from I-395 exit 35, to U.S. Route 6 at the Rhode Island state line.
Other north-south routes include Route 12, which parallels I-395 through many local communities, Route 169, a National Scenic Byway traveling through rural communities from the New London County line in Canterbury to the Massachusetts state line in Woodstock. Other secondary north-south roads are Routes 89, 198, 97, 21, and 49.
Major east-west routes are U.S. Route 44 from the Tolland County line at Ashford to the Rhode Island state line at Putnam, and U.S. Route 6 from the Tolland County line at Windham to the Rhode Island state line at Killingly. U.S. Route 6 has short expressway segments in Windham and Killingly. Other secondary east-west roads are Routes 14, 101, 171, and 197.
Windham Airport is the primary airport for the county, located 3 miles from Willimantic. Other smaller airports include Woodstock Airport and Danielson Airport.
There are many bike paths in the county. The major two trails are the Air Line State Park Trail and the Hop River State Park Trail, both these trails enter the county through Windham. The Hop River Trail ends at the Air Line Trail shortly after entering the county, while the Air Line Trail continues all the way into Putnam. Another section of the Air Line Trail is in Thompson, which continues to the border with Massachusetts which it counties as the Southern New England Trunkline Trail. Another shorter trail is the Moosup Valley State Park Trail that starts in Plainfield and continues down into the state border with Rhode Island which it continues as Washington Secondary Rail Trail. Smaller trails include the Quinebaug River Trail and the Putman River Trail.
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 28,881 | — | |
| 1800 | 28,222 | −2.3% | |
| 1810 | 28,611 | 1.4% | |
| 1820 | 31,684 | 10.7% | |
| 1830 | 27,082 | −14.5% | |
| 1840 | 28,080 | 3.7% | |
| 1850 | 31,081 | 10.7% | |
| 1860 | 34,747 | 11.8% | |
| 1870 | 38,518 | 10.9% | |
| 1880 | 43,856 | 13.9% | |
| 1890 | 45,158 | 3.0% | |
| 1900 | 46,861 | 3.8% | |
| 1910 | 48,361 | 3.2% | |
| 1920 | 52,815 | 9.2% | |
| 1930 | 54,086 | 2.4% | |
| 1940 | 56,223 | 4.0% | |
| 1950 | 61,759 | 9.8% | |
| 1960 | 68,572 | 11.0% | |
| 1970 | 84,515 | 23.3% | |
| 1980 | 92,312 | 9.2% | |
| 1990 | 102,525 | 11.1% | |
| 2000 | 109,091 | 6.4% | |
| 2010 | 118,428 | 8.6% | |
| Est. 2015 | 116,573 | −1.6% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2015 |
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As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 118,428 people, 44,810 households, and 30,343 families residing in the county. The population density was 230.9 inhabitants per square mile (89.2/km2). There were 49,073 housing units at an average density of 95.7 per square mile (36.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 89.6% white, 2.2% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 4.2% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 9.6% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 18.8% were Irish, 13.5% were English, 11.7% were French Canadian, 11.5% were Italian, 10.2% were German, 9.3% were Polish, and 2.9% were American.
Of the 44,810 households, 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.3% were non-families, and 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.01. The median age was 39.2 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $59,370 and the median income for a family was $69,642. Males had a median income of $48,880 versus $36,873 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,457. About 8.7% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
| Rank | Town | Per capita income |
Median household income |
Median family income |
Population | Number of households |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eastford | Town | $36,784 | $76,786 | $93,295 | 1,749 | 690 |
| 2 | Woodstock | Town | $36,342 | $74,000 | $88,737 | 7,964 | 3,151 |
| 3 | Hampton | Town | $34,642 | $79,943 | $84,079 | 1,863 | 747 |
| 4 | Pomfret | Town | $33,910 | $68,278 | $82,917 | 4,247 | 1,582 |
| 5 | Ashford | Town | $32,842 | $69,407 | $79,157 | 4,317 | 1,716 |
| 6 | Chaplin | Town | $32,188 | $62,679 | $72,426 | 2,305 | 920 |
| 7 | Canterbury | Town | $30,453 | $70,902 | $84,093 | 5,132 | 1,934 |
| 8 | Scotland | Town | $29,371 | $75,417 | $79,722 | 1,726 | 637 |
| 9 | Thompson | Town | $27,222 | $60,951 | $74,613 | 9,458 | 3,730 |
| 10 | Putnam | Town | $26,506 | $51,180 | $61,168 | 9,584 | 3,950 |
| 11 | Sterling | Town | $25,557 | $64,500 | $74,405 | 3,830 | 1,383 |
| 12 | Killingly | Town | $25,215 | $53,192 | $65,496 | 17,370 | 6,749 |
| 13 | Brooklyn | Town | $25,124 | $68,851 | $76,224 | 8,210 | 2,989 |
| 14 | Plainfield | Town | $24,825 | $61,500 | $69,096 | 15,405 | 5,726 |
| 15 | Danielson | Borough | $22,798 | $55,097 | $56,831 | 4,051 | 1,627 |
| 16 | Windham | Town | $20,272 | $40,063 | $48,145 | 25,268 | 8,906 |
Boroughs are incorporated portions of one or more towns with separate borough councils, zoning boards, and borough officials. Villages are named localities, but have no separate corporate existence from the towns they are in.
