Hartford County, Connecticut facts for kids

This page is about the county in Connecticut. For the city in Connecticut, see Hartford, Connecticut.

Quick facts for kids Hartford County
County
Top-bottom, left-right: Hartford County skyline from Heublein Tower, the Hartford skyline, the New Britain skyline, a house in Old Wethersfield, and the Old State House in Hartford.
Location within the U.S. state of Connecticut
Connecticut's location within the U.S.
Country	United States
State	Connecticut
Founded	May 10, 1666
Named for	Hertfordshire, England
Seat	none (since 1960), Hartford (before 1960)
Largest municipality	Hartford (population) Glastonbury (area)
Area
• Total	750 sq mi (1,900 km²)
• Land	735 sq mi (1,900 km²)
• Water	16 sq mi (40 km²) 2.1%%
Population (2020)
• Total	899,498
• Density	1,199.3/sq mi (463.1/km²)
Congressional districts	1st, 2nd, 5th

Hartford County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. According to the 2020 census, the population was 899,498, making it the second-most populous county in Connecticut. Hartford County contains the city of Hartford, the state capital of Connecticut and the county's most populous city, with 121,054 residents at the 2020 census. Hartford County is included in the Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown metropolitan statistical area.

On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes.

History
Geography
- Adjacent counties
Communities
- Cities
- Towns
Demographics
- 2010 census
- Demographic breakdown by town
  - Income
  - Race
Transportation
- Major highways
- Public transportation
Education
See also

History

Hartford County was one of four original counties in Connecticut established on May 10, 1666, by an act of the Connecticut General Court. The act establishing the county states:

This Court orders that the Townes on the River from y^ee

north bounds of Windsor w^th Farmington to y^e south end of

y^e bounds of Thirty Miles Island shalbe & remaine to be one

County w^ch shalbe called the County of Hartford. And it

is ordered that the County Court shalbe kept at Hartford on

the 1st Thursday in March and on the first Thursday in September yearely.

As established in 1666, Hartford County consisted of the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, Hartford, Farmington, and Middletown. The "Thirty Miles Island" referred to in the constituting Act was incorporated as the town of Haddam in 1668. In 1670, the town of Simsbury was established, extending Hartford County to the Massachusetts border. In the late 17th to early 18th centuries, several more towns were established and added to Hartford County: Waterbury in 1686 (transferred to New Haven County in 1728), Windham in 1694 (transferred to Windham County in 1726), Hebron in 1708 (transferred to Tolland County in 1785), Coventry in 1712 (transferred to Windham County in 1726), and Litchfield in 1722 (transferred to Litchfield County in 1751).

In 1714, all of the unincorporated territory north of the towns of Coventry and Windham in northeastern Connecticut to the Massachusetts border were placed under the jurisdiction of Hartford County. Windham County was constituted in 1726, resulting in Hartford County losing the towns of Windham, Coventry, Mansfield (incorporated in 1702), and Ashford (incorporated in 1714). Northwestern Connecticut, which was originally placed under the jurisdiction of New Haven County in 1722, was transferred to Hartford County by 1738. All of northwestern Connecticut was later constituted as the new Litchfield County in 1751. In 1785, two more counties were established in what was now the U.S. state of Connecticut: Tolland and Middlesex. This mostly resulted in the modern extent of Hartford County. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the establishment of several more towns resulted in minor adjustments in the bounds of the county. The final adjustment resulting in the modern limits occurred on May 8, 1806, when the town of Canton was established.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2010, the county had a total area of 751 square miles (1,950 km²), of which 735 square miles (1,900 km²) is land and 16 square miles (41 km²) (2.1%) is water. It is the second-largest county in Connecticut by land area.

The county is divided into two unequal parts by the Connecticut River, and watered by Farmington, Mill, Podunk, Scantic, and other rivers. The surface is very diverse: part of the river valleys are alluvial and subject to flooding, while other portions of the county are hilly and even mountainous.

Adjacent counties

Communities

In Connecticut, there is no county-level executive or legislative government; the counties determine probate, civil and criminal court boundaries, but little else. Each city or town is responsible for local services such as schools, snow removal, sewers, fire department and police departments. In Connecticut, cities and towns may agree to jointly provide services or establish a regional school system.

Cities

Towns

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1790	38,149	—
1800	42,147	10.5%
1810	44,733	6.1%
1820	47,264	5.7%
1830	51,131	8.2%
1840	55,629	8.8%
1850	69,967	25.8%
1860	89,962	28.6%
1870	109,007	21.2%
1880	125,382	15.0%
1890	147,180	17.4%
1900	195,480	32.8%
1910	250,182	28.0%
1920	336,027	34.3%
1930	421,097	25.3%
1940	450,189	6.9%
1950	539,661	19.9%
1960	689,555	27.8%
1970	816,737	18.4%
1980	807,766	−1.1%
1990	851,783	5.4%
2000	857,183	0.6%
2010	894,014	4.3%
2020	899,498	0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010–2018

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 894,014 people, 350,854 households, and 227,831 families living in the county. The population density was 1,216.2 inhabitants per square mile (469.6/km²). There were 374,249 housing units at an average density of 509.1 per square mile (196.6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 72.4% white, 13.3% black, 4.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 7.1% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic origin made up 15.3% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 15.9% were Italian, 15.6% were Irish, 10.7% were Polish, 9.4% were English, 8.8% were German, and 2.5% were American.

Of the 350,854 households, 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.1% were non-families, and 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age was 39.9 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $62,590 and the median income for a family was $78,599. Males had a median income of $56,181 versus $44,273 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,151. About 8.0% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.3% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

Rank	Town		Per capita income	Median household income	Median family income	Population	Number of households	Pop. Density
1	Glastonbury	Town	$73,020	$127,237	$145,321	34,427	12,866	670
2	Avon	Town	$55,879	$105,116	$129,651	18,098	7,009	770
3	Simsbury	Town	$54,571	$113,224	$135,772	23,511	8,776	685
4	Farmington	Town	$50,541	$85,417	$106,885	25,340	10,522	881
5	Granby	Town	$46,687	$97,500	$111,339	11,282	4,194	277
6	Canton	Town	$46,401	$87,643	$101,793	10,292	4,150	412
7	West Hartford	Town	$43,534	$78,530	$102,547	63,268	25,258	2,837
8	Burlington	Town	$43,392	$115,341	$120,580	9,301	3,291	306
9	Marlborough	Town	$41,669	$108,232	$110,527	6,404	2,292	272
10	Suffield	Town	$41,098	$90,023	$99,855	15,735	5,155	366
11	East Granby	Town	$40,698	$77,596	$97,174	5,148	2,062	291
12	Bloomfield	Town	$39,738	$68,372	$84,583	20,486	8,554	779
13	South Windsor	Town	$38,945	$88,350	$94,602	25,709	9,918	896
14	Berlin	Town	$38,134	$86,211	$98,677	19,866	7,808	736
15	Wethersfield	Town	$37,329	$71,284	$91,563	26,668	11,204	2,036
16	Hartland	Town	$36,874	$85,956	$91,188	2,114	789	61
17	Southington	Town	$36,053	$77,673	$102,186	43,069	16,814	1,177
18	Rocky Hill	Town	$36,021	$72,417	$88,750	19,709	8,307	1,426
19	Windsor	Town	$35,780	$78,695	$90,856	29,044	11,233	937
20	Manchester	Town	$32,752	$61,571	$77,018	58,241	24,689	2,103
21	Newington	Town	$32,561	$69,085	$80,597	30,562	12,550	2,333
22	East Windsor	Town	$31,162	$64,301	$76,502	11,162	4,750	416
23	Plainville	Town	$31,000	$63,447	$80,205	17,716	7,580	1,814
24	Windsor Locks	Town	$30,436	$59,369	$70,439	12,498	5,223	1,330
25	Bristol	City	$29,629	$58,537	$72,038	60,477	25,320	2,257
26	Enfield	Town	$29,340	$67,402	$77,554	44,654	16,794	1,306
27	East Hartford	Town	$24,373	$48,613	$57,848	51,252	20,195	2,741
28	New Britain	City	$21,056	$39,706	$45,990	73,206	28,158	5,463
29	Hartford	City	$16,798	$28,970	$32,820	124,775	45,124	6,932

Race

Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, "Race alone or in combination with one or more other races."

Rank	Town		Population	White	Black	Asian	American Indian	Other	Hispanic
1	Hartford	City	124,817	35.1%	39.8%	2.9%	1.5%	25.1%	42.4%
2	New Britain	City	73,055	68.2%	15.3%	2.7%	0.5%	17.2%	34.8%
3	West Hartford	Town	63,066	84.6%	7.4%	8.2%	0.7%	2.3%	9.1%
4	Bristol	City	60,473	90.0%	5.1%	2.3%	0.8%	4.9%	9.5%
5	Manchester	Town	57,897	77.0%	11.7%	7.8%	0.6%	5.6%	12.5%
6	East Hartford	Town	51,091	54.4%	25.4%	7.3%	0.9%	15.5%	25.7%
7	Enfield	Town	44,747	88.5%	7.4%	2.1%	0.4%	3.5%	7.2%
8	Southington	Town	42,731	96.3%	1.2%	1.8%	0.2%	1.0%	3.4%
9	Glastonbury	Town	34,171	87.7%	4.1%	7.0%	0.4%	2.2%	4.6%
10	Newington	Town	30,441	86.9%	6.0%	6.3%	0.6%	2.5%	7.2%
11	Windsor	Town	28,962	56.4%	37.6%	5.0%	0.5%	3.7%	8.4%
12	Wethersfield	Town	26,641	92.4%	3.4%	1.8%	0.5%	3.3%	8.8%
13	South Windsor	Town	25,577	84.7%	5.2%	8.4%	0.4%	2.9%	5.3%
14	Farmington	Town	25,186	90.0%	3.0%	7.8%	0.4%	0.3%	1.3%
15	Simsbury	Town	23,498	94.3%	2.3%	4.0%	0.5%	0.4%	2.3%
16	Bloomfield	Town	20,406	40.1%	59.0%	1.7%	2.6%	1.4%	3.7%
17	Berlin	Town	19,694	94.3%	1.5%	2.7%	0.4%	1.9%	2.7%
18	Rocky Hill	Town	19,533	78.7%	4.9%	13.9%	1.6%	3.2%	6.5%
19	Avon	Town	17,859	90.5%	2.3%	8.0%	0.5%	1.0%	4.2%
20	Plainville	Town	17,670	95.7%	2.9%	2.3%	0.3%	1.0%	4.7%
21	Suffield	Town	15,513	86.3%	9.6%	1.5%	1.5%	4.0%	5.8%
22	Windsor Locks	Town	12,466	89.1%	4.2%	6.0%	1.1%	1.2%	3.6%
23	Granby	Town	11,192	96.1%	2.7%	1.2%	0.1%	1.3%	4.0%
24	East Windsor	Town	11,024	83.2%	10.2%	6.9%	0.6%	0.9%	5.5%
25	Canton	Town	10,139	99.0%	0.6%	1.1%	0.5%	0.4%	2.6%
26	Burlington	Town	9,191	97.8%	1.1%	1.5%	0.1%	0.3%	2.5%
27	Marlborough	Town	6,335	98.8%	1.0%	0.5%	0.7%	0.5%	1.6%
28	East Granby	Town	5,055	89.9%	2.4%	6.9%	0.2%	1.3%	4.3%
29	Hartland	Town	2,158	97.5%	0.9%	2.1%	0.4%	0.2%	0.3%