Rajasthan facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Rajasthan
State
State of Rajasthan
Thar desert Mehrangarh City Palace, Udaipur Ghateshwar Temple Kumbhalgarh Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam Ranakpur Jain temple Amer Fort
Emblem of Rajasthan
Etymology: Land of Kings
Motto(s):  Satyameva Jayate (Sanskrit) (Truth alone triumphs)
Location of Rajasthan in India
Country	India
Region	Northwest India
Before was	Rajputana Agency
Formation	30 March 1949; 76 years ago (1949-03-30)
Capital and largest city	Jaipur
Districts	41 (7 divisions)
Government
• Body	Government of Rajasthan
State Legislature	Unicameral
• Assembly	Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (200 seats)
National Parliament	Parliament of India
• Rajya Sabha	10 seats
• Lok Sabha	25 seats
High Court	Rajasthan High Court
Area
• Total	342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi)
Area rank	1st
Dimensions
• Length	826 km (513 mi)
• Width	869 km (540 mi)
Elevation	225 m (738 ft)
Highest elevation (Guru Shikhar)	1,722 m (5,650 ft)
Lowest elevation (Luni River)	100 m (300 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	68,548,437
• Rank	7th
• Density	200/km2 (500/sq mi)
• Urban	24.87%
• Rural	75.13%
Demonym(s)	Rajasthani
Language
• Official	Hindi
• Additional official	English
• Official script	Devanagari script
GDP
• Total (2023–24)	₹15.28 lakh crore (equivalent to ₹16 trillion or US$280 billion in 2023)
• Rank	7th
• Per capita	₹187,454 (US$3,200) (22nd)
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code	IN-RJ
Vehicle registration	RJ
HDI (2022)	0.652 Medium (23rd)
Literacy (2024)	75.8% (33rd)
Sex ratio (2021)	1009♀/1000 ♂ (30th)
Symbols of Rajasthan Mammal Camel and Chinkara Bird Godawan Flower Rohida Tree Khejri State highway mark State highway of Rajasthan RJ SH1 -RJ SH138 List of Indian state symbols

Rajasthan, often called the "Land of Kings," is a large and vibrant state in northwestern India. It is the biggest state in India by area and the seventh largest by population. Rajasthan covers about 342,239 square kilometers, which is about 10.4% of India's total land. It shares a border with Pakistan and is surrounded by five other Indian states.

This amazing state is famous for its vast Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert. It is also home to the ancient Aravalli Range mountains. You can find historical sites like the ruins of the Indus Valley civilisation at Kalibangan. Rajasthan also has beautiful places like the Dilwara Temples and the cool hill station of Mount Abu. Nature lovers will enjoy the Keoladeo National Park, a World Heritage Site famous for its birds. Rajasthan is also a safe home for tigers in five national reserves, including Ranthambore National Park.

The modern state of Rajasthan was formed on March 30, 1949. Its capital and largest city is Jaipur, known as the Pink City. Other important cities include Jodhpur, Kota, and Udaipur. Rajasthan's economy is strong, ranking as the seventh-largest state economy in India.

What's in a Name? The Meaning of Rajasthan

The name Rajasthan means "Land of Kings." It comes from two Sanskrit words: "Raja," meaning 'King,' and "Sthāna," meaning 'Land.' This name perfectly describes a region that was once home to many powerful kingdoms. The name "Rajasthan" first appeared in print in a book from 1829. Before that, the area was often called "Rajputana."

Exploring Rajasthan's Ancient Past

Early Civilizations and Kingdoms

Rajasthan has a very old history, dating back to ancient times. Parts of the state were once home to the Indus Valley civilisation, one of the world's earliest great civilizations. Places like Kalibangan and Balathal show evidence of these ancient settlements. Archaeologists have found tools from the Stone Age, showing people lived here thousands of years ago.

Later, during the Vedic Civilisation, kingdoms like the Matsya kingdom existed in this region. Its capital, Viratanagar, was an important center. Over time, different groups and rulers, including the Rajputs, established their kingdoms across western India, in the area we now call Rajasthan.

The Gurjara-Pratihara Empire

The Ghateshwara Mahadeva temple at the Baroli Temple Complex, built by the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty.

A powerful group called the Pratiharas ruled this region for a long time. Their empire was very important for protecting India from invaders from the west between the 8th and 11th centuries. They were known for their strong army, which helped keep the western borders safe for about 300 years. Many beautiful temples, like those at the Baroli Temple Complex, were built during their rule.

Medieval and Early Modern Eras

Rajput Kingdoms and Resistance

From the 13th century onwards, the Rajput rulers of Rajasthan bravely resisted many invasions. They worked hard to protect their lands and Hindu culture. The Ranas of Mewar, a powerful kingdom, led this resistance. Famous rulers like Rana Kumbha and Rana Sanga united different Rajput groups and fought against powerful empires.

One of the most celebrated warriors was Maharana Pratap. He fought tirelessly against the Mughal Empire to protect Mewar. His courage and determination made him a hero across India. Even after many battles, the Rajputs continued to fight for their independence.

The Influence of the Marathas and British

As the Mughal Empire grew weaker, Rajasthan came under the influence of the Marathas in the late 18th century. Eventually, the British Empire took control in 1818. To bring stability, Rajput kings made agreements with the British. These agreements allowed the kings to manage their internal affairs while the British handled external matters.

Formation of Modern Rajasthan

The modern state of Rajasthan was officially formed on March 30, 1949. This happened when many princely states and chiefdoms from the Rajputana Agency joined the new Indian Union. Today's Rajasthan includes most of the historic Rajputana region.

Rajasthan's Diverse Geography

Deserts, Mountains, and Rivers

Rajasthan's landscape is very diverse. It features the vast Thar Desert and the ancient Aravalli Range of mountains. This mountain range stretches across the state for over 850 kilometers, from southwest to northeast. Mount Abu, a popular hill station, is located at the southwestern end of the Aravallis.

The Aravalli Range divides Rajasthan into two main parts. About three-fifths of the state lies northwest of the mountains. This area is generally sandy and dry, forming part of the Thar Desert. The remaining two-fifths, to the east and south, are more fertile and have more water.

Regions and Waterways

The eastern and southeastern parts of Rajasthan are home to lush forests with trees like teak. This region is watered by rivers like the Banas and Chambal, which flow into the Ganges. The Mewar region, with cities like Udaipur, is in the south. The Dhundhar region, where the capital Jaipur is located, is in the northeast.

The northwestern desert region is thinly populated. Jodhpur is the largest city in this desert area. The Luni River is an important river here, but its water becomes salty as it flows further west. The Ghaggar River is another stream that disappears into the desert sands.

Amazing Flora and Fauna

Wildlife and Natural Habitats

The great Indian bustard has been classed as critically endangered since 2011.

Rajasthan is a haven for wildlife, with many national parks and sanctuaries. The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer showcases the unique ecosystem of the Thar Desert. You can find many types of birds here, including eagles, falcons, and vultures. However, road traffic in the park is a threat to these animals.

The Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur is famous for its tiger population. It is one of the best places in India to see tigers in their natural habitat. Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar is another important tiger sanctuary.

Unique Animals and Plants

A tiger resting in Ranthambore National Park.

The Tal Chhapar Sanctuary is a smaller sanctuary known for its large population of blackbuck. You might also spot desert foxes and the caracal, also called the 'desert lynx.' Many bird species, like partridges and harriers, live here. The great Indian bustard, Rajasthan's state bird, is critically endangered and protected in these areas.

Rajasthan's state animal is the Camel and Chinkara. The state flower is Rohida, and the state tree is Khejri. The Arid Forest Research Institute in Jodhpur works to protect and conserve the desert's unique plants and animals.

How Rajasthan is Governed

State Government and Administration

Rajasthan is governed by a system where people elect their representatives. The Governor is the state's official head, appointed by the President of India. The Chief Minister leads the government and a team of ministers. The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly has 200 members, who are elected for five-year terms.

The state is divided into 7 divisions and 41 districts for easier management. Each district is led by a District Collector, who is an important government officer. The police force in each district is led by a Superintendent of Police, ensuring law and order.

Courts and Justice

Rajasthan has its own Rajasthan High Court in Jodhpur, with a branch in Jaipur. There are also district courts and smaller courts across the state. These courts ensure that laws are followed and justice is served for everyone.

Connecting Rajasthan: Transport and Communication

Getting Around Rajasthan

Rajasthan has a good network of roads, railways, and airports. NH 8, India's first 4-8 lane highway, connects many parts of the state. The Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) provides bus services across the state and to neighboring states.

Air Travel

The main airport is Jaipur International Airport, which offers international flights. There are also five other civilian airports in cities like Jodhpur, Udaipur, and Bikaner, connecting Rajasthan to major Indian cities.

Rail Travel

Indian Railways has a significant presence in Rajasthan. Jaipur Junction is a major railway hub. The Maharajas' Express is a luxury train that offers special tours across Rajasthan. Jaipur Metro is the state's only metro system, making travel easier within Jaipur.

Staying Connected

Major internet and telecom companies operate in Rajasthan, providing services like mobile phones and internet access. This helps people stay connected with each other and the rest of the world.

Rajasthan's Economy and Resources

Agriculture and Industries

Rajasthan's economy mainly relies on farming and raising animals. Farmers grow crops like wheat, barley, and oilseeds. Cotton and tobacco are important cash crops. Rajasthan is a leading producer of edible oils and wool in India.

The state also has many industries, especially those based on minerals, agriculture, and textiles. Rajasthan is a major producer of polyester fiber. It is also known for its quarrying and mining, producing marble, cement, salt, copper, and zinc. The famous Taj Mahal was built with white marble from Makrana in Rajasthan!

Renewable Energy

Rajasthan is a leader in renewable energy, especially solar energy. In 2019, all of Rajasthan's population had access to electricity. The Bhadla Solar Park is one of the largest solar power plants in the world, generating a huge amount of clean energy.

People and Culture of Rajasthan

Population and Languages

Delicious traditional Rajasthani food.

According to the 2011 Census, Rajasthan has a population of over 68 million people. The majority of people are Rajasthanis. Hindi is the official language, and English is an additional official language. Many people also speak different Rajasthani dialects like Marwari, Mewari, and Dhundari.

Religions and Traditions

Most residents of Rajasthan are Hindus, making up about 88.5% of the population. Other religions include Muslims, Sikhs, and Jains. Rajasthan is known for its rich and colorful culture, which is reflected in its food, music, and art.

Food and Flavors

Dal-baati-churma, a traditional Rajasthani dish.

Rajasthani food is unique, influenced by the desert climate and the warrior lifestyle of its past. Dishes were often made to last for several days without refrigeration. Famous snacks include Bikaneri Bhujia. Popular dishes include bajre ki roti (millet bread) and lahsun ki chutney (garlic paste). Dal-baati-churma is a very popular traditional meal, often served at celebrations.

Music, Dance, and Art

Kalbelia, a folk dance popular in Rajasthan.

Rajasthan is famous for its vibrant folk music and dances. The Ghoomar dance and the Kalbelia dance have gained international fame. Folk songs often tell stories of heroes and love, or are religious songs called bhajans. These are usually accompanied by instruments like the dholak and sitar.

The state is also known for its traditional, colorful art. This includes block prints, tie-and-dye fabrics, and intricate embroidery. Handicrafts like wooden furniture, carpets, and blue pottery are also very popular. Traditional Rajasthani clothes are often brightly colored and feature mirror work and embroidery.

Learning in Rajasthan: Education

Schools and Universities

Rajasthan has been working hard to improve its education system. Schools are managed by the government or private organizations, with teaching mainly in English or Hindi. After secondary school, students can go to junior colleges or higher secondary schools.

The state has 52 universities, including an IIT in Jodhpur and an IIM in Udaipur. The city of Kota is especially famous for helping students prepare for tough national exams to get into engineering and medical colleges.

Literacy and Reading

Rajasthan's literacy rate has grown a lot over the years. In 1991, only about 38.55% of people could read and write. By 2011, this increased to 67.06%. The state has made great progress, especially in increasing female literacy. To encourage reading, new libraries have been opened in villages and public libraries have been modernized.

Discovering Rajasthan: A Tourist's Paradise

A man in traditional attire in Rajasthan.

Rajasthan is a top destination for tourists, attracting millions of visitors every year. It's a major source of income for the state. People come to see the majestic forts and palaces of Jaipur, the beautiful lakes of Udaipur, and the vast sand dunes of Jaisalmer.

The state is known for its unique customs, vibrant culture, and colorful festivals. You can explore ancient temples, grand Havelis (traditional mansions), and enjoy exciting folk dances and music.

Famous Attractions

Historic Forts and Palaces

Rajasthan is home to many architectural wonders. The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur, Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur, and Chittor Fort are just a few examples. Jaipur, known as the "Pink City," has ancient houses made of pink sandstone. In Jodhpur, many houses are painted blue.

Temples and Sacred Sites

You can find beautiful Jain Temples across Rajasthan, like the Dilwara Temples in Mount Abu and the Ranakpur Jain temple. Other important temples include Shrinathji Temple in Nathdwara and Karni Mata Temple in Bikaner.

Wildlife and Nature

For nature lovers, Keoladeo National Park, Ranthambore National Park, and Sariska Tiger Reserve offer amazing wildlife experiences. You can see tigers, birds, and other animals in their natural homes.

Festivals and Celebrations

Rajasthan hosts many lively festivals throughout the year. The Mewar festival in Udaipur, Teej festival and Gangaur festival in Jaipur, and the Desert festival in Jodhpur are just some of the popular events that showcase the state's rich culture.

Images for kids

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  The Minor Rock Edict 3 of Ashoka, found in Viratnagar, Rajasthan.

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  Rana Kumbha was a powerful Rajput ruler in the 15th century.

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  Emperor Hemu, a Hindu ruler who briefly established his rule in North India.

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  Durgadas Rathore, a brave Rajput warrior from Jodhpur.

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  Maharana Pratap Singh, a famous Rajput ruler known for defending his kingdom.

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  Suraj Mal, the ruler of Bharatpur State, known for his wisdom.

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  Mount Abu, a popular hill station in Rajasthan.

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  The Thar Desert near Jaisalmer.

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  An aerial view of Udaipur and the Aravalli hills.

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  Mount Abu is a popular hill station in Rajasthan.

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  Jaipur International Airport at night.

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  The dining saloon of the luxurious Maharajah's Express train.

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  The Jaipur Metro is an important urban transportation link.

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  NH 8 between Udaipur and Ahmedabad.

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  Enjoying camel rides in the Thar desert.

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  Temples at Pushkar Lake and Ghat.

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  Demoiselle cranes in Khichan near Bikaner.

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  The iconic Hawa Mahal in Jaipur.

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  Amber Fort as seen from Maotha Lake.

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  Nakki Lake in Mount Abu.

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  The majestic Mehrangarh Fort.

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  Delicate marble carving at Dilwara Temples.

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  Lake Palace on Lake Pichola in Udaipur.

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  Kirti Stambha of Chittor Fort.

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  A tiger at Ranthambore National Park.

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  Jal Mahal, the Water Palace in Jaipur.

See also

In Spanish: Rayastán para niños

• Outline of Rajasthan
• North India