Cambridgeshire facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Cambridgeshire |
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County | |||||
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Motto: "CORDE UNO SAPIENTES SIMUS" ("With one heart let us be wise") | |||||
![]() Cambridgeshire in England |
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Coordinates: Template:Coord/display/title, inline | |||||
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||||
Country | England | ||||
Region | East | ||||
Established | 1 April 1974 | ||||
Established by | Local Government Act 1972 | ||||
Preceded by | Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Huntingdon and Peterborough |
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Origin | Ancient | ||||
Ceremonial county | |||||
Lord Lieutenant | Hugh Duberly | ||||
High Sheriff | Sir David Arculus | ||||
Area | 3,389 km2 (1,309 sq mi) | ||||
• Ranked | 15th of 48 | ||||
Population (2005 est.) | 748,600 | ||||
• Ranked | 29th of 48 | ||||
Density | 220/km2 (570/sq mi) | ||||
Ethnicity | 94.6% White 2.6% S.Asian |
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Non-metropolitan county | |||||
County council | Cambridgeshire County Council | ||||
Executive | Conservative | ||||
Admin HQ | Cambridge | ||||
Area | 3,046 km2 (1,176 sq mi) | ||||
• Ranked | 15th of 27 | ||||
Population | 588,900 | ||||
• Ranked | 19th of 27 | ||||
Density | 193/km2 (500/sq mi) | ||||
ISO 3166-2 | GB-CAM | ||||
ONS code | 12 | ||||
GSS code | E10000003 | ||||
NUTS | UKH12 | ||||
Unitary authorities | |||||
Councils | Peterborough City Council | ||||
![]() Districts of Cambridgeshire Unitary County council area |
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Districts |
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Members of Parliament | List of MPs | ||||
Police | Cambridgeshire Constabulary | ||||
Time zone | GMT (UTC) | ||||
• Summer (DST) | BST (UTC+1) |
Cambridgeshire (/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃər/ or /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃɪər/; abbreviated Cambs.), archaically known as the County of Cambridge, is an East Anglian county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the north-east, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. The city of Cambridge is the county town. Modern Cambridgeshire was formed in 1974 as an amalgamation of the counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely and Huntingdon and Peterborough, which had been created in 1965 from the historic counties of Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, the Isle of Ely and the Soke of Peterborough. It contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen.
Local government is divided between Cambridgeshire County Council and Peterborough City Council, which is a separate unitary authority. Under the county council, there are five district councils, Cambridge City Council, South Cambridgeshire District Council, East Cambridgeshire District Council, Huntingdonshire District Council and Fenland District Council.
Contents
History
Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of Flag Fen in Fengate, one of the earliest-known Neolithic permanent settlements in the United Kingdom, compared in importance to Balbridie in Aberdeen, Scotland. A great quantity of archaeological finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age were made in East Cambridgeshire. Most items were found in Isleham.
Cambridgeshire was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Grantbridgeshire" (or rather Grentebrigescire) (related to the river Granta).
Covering a large part of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire today is the result of several local government unifications. In 1888 when county councils were introduced, separate councils were set up, following the traditional division of Cambridgeshire, for
- the area in the south around Cambridge, and
- the liberty of the Isle of Ely.
In 1965, these two administrative counties were merged to form Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely. Under the Local Government Act 1972 this merged with the county to the west, Huntingdon and Peterborough. (The latter had been organised in 1965 by the merger of Huntingdonshire with the Soke of Peterborough – previously a part of Northamptonshire which had its own county council). The resulting county was called simply Cambridgeshire.
Since 1998, the City of Peterborough has been a separately administered area, as a unitary authority. It is associated with Cambridgeshire for ceremonial purposes such as Lieutenancy, and joint functions such as policing and the fire service.
In 2002, the conservation charity Plantlife unofficially designated Cambridgeshire's county flower as the Pasqueflower.
The Cambridgeshire Regiment (or Fen Tigers), the county-based army unit, fought in the Boer War of South Africa, the First World War and Second World War.
Due to the county's flat terrain and proximity to the continent, during the Second World War the military built many airfields here for RAF Bomber Command, RAF Fighter Command, and the allied USAAF. In recognition of this collaboration, the Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial is located in Madingley. It is the only WWII burial ground in England for American servicemen who died during that event.
Most English counties have nicknames for their people, such as a "Tyke" from Yorkshire and a "Yellowbelly" from Lincolnshire. The traditional nicknames for people from Cambridgeshire are "Cambridgeshire Camel" or "Cambridgeshire Crane", referring to the wildfowl that were once abundant in the fens. The term "Fenners" was often applied to those who come from the flat country to the north of Cambridge. Since the late 20th century, this term is considered to be derogatory and has been discouraged in use.
Original historical documents relating to Cambridgeshire are held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies.
Geography
- See also Geology of Cambridgeshire
Large areas of the county are extremely low-lying and Holme Fen is notable for being the UK's lowest physical point at 2.75 m (9 ft) below sea level. The highest point is in the village of Great Chishill at 146 m (480 ft) above sea level. Other prominent hills are Little Trees Hill and Wandlebury Hill in the Gog Magog Downs, Rivey Hill above Linton, Rowley's Hill and the Madingley Hills.
Settlements
- See also: Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire and List of Cambridgeshire settlements by population
These are the settlements in Cambridgeshire with a town charter, city status or a population over 5,000; for a complete list of settlements see list of places in Cambridgeshire.
- Burwell
- Cambridge
- Chatteris
- Cottenham
- Ely
- Godmanchester
- Huntingdon
- Littleport
- March
- Peterborough (no longer part of the administrative county)
- Ramsey
- Sawston
- Sawtry
- Soham
- St Ives
- St Neots
- Wisbech
- Whittlesey
- Yaxley
See the List of Cambridgeshire settlements by population page for more detail.
The town of Newmarket is surrounded on three sides by Cambridgeshire, being connected by a narrow strip of land to the rest of Suffolk.
Cambridgeshire has seen 32,869 dwellings created from 2002–2013 and there are a further 35,360 planned new dwellings between now and 2023.
Climate
Cambridgeshire has a maritime temperate climate which is broadly similar to the rest of the United Kingdom, though it is drier than the UK average due to its low altitude and easterly location, the prevailing southwesterly winds having already deposited moisture on higher ground further west. Average winter temperatures are cooler than the English average, due to Cambridgeshire's inland location and relative nearness to continental Europe, which results in the moderating maritime influence being less strong. Snowfall is slightly more common than in western areas, due to the relative winter coolness and easterly winds bringing occasional snow from the North Sea. In summer temperatures are average or slightly above, due to less cloud cover. It reaches 25 °C (77 °F) on around 10 days each year, and is comparable to parts of Kent and East Anglia.
Climate data for Cambridge 1971–2000 average | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.2 (50.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.2 (72) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.9 (66) |
14.6 (58.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.8 (46) |
14.1 (57.4) |
Average low °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
1.1 (34) |
2.9 (37.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.1 (43) |
Rainfall mm (inches) | 45.0 (1.772) |
32.7 (1.287) |
41.5 (1.634) |
43.1 (1.697) |
44.5 (1.752) |
53.8 (2.118) |
38.2 (1.504) |
48.8 (1.921) |
51.0 (2.008) |
53.8 (2.118) |
51.1 (2.012) |
50.0 (1.969) |
553.5 (21.791) |
Source: Met Office |
Culture
Sports
Various forms of football have been popular in Cambridgeshire since medieval times at least. In 1579 one match played at Chesterton between townspeople and Cambridge University students ended in a violent brawl that led the Vice-Chancellor to issue a decree forbidding them to play "footeball” outside of college grounds. Despite this and other decrees, football continued to be popular. George Elwes Corrie, Master of Jesus College, observed in 1838, that while walking past a park named Parker's Piece he "saw some forty Gownsmen playing at football. The novelty and liveliness of the scene were amusing!" By 1839, Albert Pell was organising football matches at the university; because each town or school had different rules, students had to devise a compromise set of rules.
At Cambridge University in 1846, H. de Winton and J. C. Thring formed a pioneering football club. Only a few matches were played, but in 1848 interest in football increased and that year the Cambridge rules, the first attempt to codify a form of football were drawn up in Cambridge. The Cambridge rules are generally regarded as the main precursor of Association football.
As a result of its role in the formation of the first football rules, Parker's Piece remains hallowed turf for football fans and historians. According to folklore, there are 11 players on each team because, when the game was invented, there were 11 trees on either side of Parker's Piece. In commemoration of the creation of Football; a statue is to be raised in the middle of the park where the game was invented.
Cambridgeshire is also the birthplace of bandy, Tebbutt was instrumental in spreading the sport to many countries. England Bandy Federation is based in Cambridgeshire.
On 6–7 June 2015, the inaugural Tour of Cambridgeshire cycle race took place on closed roads across the county. The event was an official UCI qualification event, and consisted of a Time Trial on the 6th, and a Gran Fondo event on the 7th. The Gran Fondo event was open to the public, and over 6000 riders took part in the 128 km (80 mi) race.
Contemporary Art
Cambridge is home to the Kettle's Yard gallery and the artist run Aid and Abet project Space. Nine miles west of Cambridge next to the village of Bourn is Wysing Arts Centre.
Places of interest
Key | |
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Owned by the National Trust |
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Owned by English Heritage |
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Owned by the Forestry Commission |
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A Country Park |
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An Accessible open space |
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Museum (free) |
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Museum (charges entry fee) |
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Heritage railway |
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Historic House |
- Anglesey Abbey
- Brampton Wood
- Buckden Towers
- Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial
- Cambridge University Museum of Zoology
- Castor Hanglands NNR
- Denny Abbey
- Devil's Dyke
- Down Field Windmill
- Duxford Chapel
- Duxford Airfield
- Elton Hall
- Ely Cathedral
- Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
- Flag Fen
- Fowlmere RSPB reserve
- Gamsey Wood Nature Reserve
- Gog Magog Downs
- Grafham Water Nature Reserve
- Great Gransden Post Mill
- Hereward Way
- Hinchingbrooke House
- Houghton Mill
- Icknield Way
- Imperial War Museum Duxford
- Kettle's Yard
- Kimbolton Castle
- Kings College, Cambridge
- Lattersey Nature Reserve
- Lode Watermill
- Longthorpe Tower
- Nene Park
- Nene Valley Railway
- Nene Way
- New Bedford River
- Octavia Hill Birthplace Museum
- Old Bedford River
- Oliver Cromwell's House
- Ouse Valley Way
- Ouse Washes
- Parker's Piece, Cambridge, birthplace of modern football
- Paxton Pits Nature Reserve
- Peckover House & Garden
- Peterborough Cathedral
- Prickwillow Drainage Engine Museum
- Ramsey Abbey
- River Cam
- River Great Ouse
- Round Church, Cambridge
- RSPB Nene Washes
- RSPB Ouse Washes
- Stretham Old Engine
- Three Shires Bridleway
- University of Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
- Wandlebury Country Park
- Wicken Fen
- Wimpole Hall
- Wisbech and March Bramley Line
- WWT Welney
- Wysing Arts Centre
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