Core cities of Japan facts for kids
A core city (called Chūkakushi in Japanese) is a special kind of city in Japan. It's a bit like a city that gets extra responsibilities from the national government.
Imagine a city that's big enough to handle many tasks usually done by the larger prefectural governments, but not quite as many as the very biggest cities, which are called designated cities.
To become a core city, a city usually needs to have more than 300,000 people and an area bigger than 100 square kilometers. Sometimes, if a city has between 200,000 and 300,000 people, it can still apply if the government makes a special exception. Since April 1, 2015, any city with over 200,000 people can apply to become a core city.
For a city to be chosen as a core city, both the city's local assembly and the prefectural assembly must agree to it.
Contents
History of Core Cities
The idea of a "core city" was first created in Japan's Local Autonomy Law. This law helps organize how local governments work in Japan.
List of Core Cities in Japan
As of April 1, 2021, there are 62 cities that have been named core cities in Japan. These cities play an important role in their regions.
Name | Japanese | Flag | Emblem | Area (km2) | Population (2012) | Date of designation | Region | Prefecture | Map |
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Akashi | 明石市 | ![]() |
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49.22 | 290,927 | 2018-04-01 | Kansai | Hyōgo | ![]() |
Akita | 秋田市 | ![]() |
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906.07 | 322,224 | 1997-04-01 | Tōhoku | Akita | ![]() |
Amagasaki | 尼崎市 | ![]() |
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49.77 | 451,353 | 2009-04-01 | Kansai | Hyōgo | ![]() |
Aomori | 青森市 | ![]() |
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824.61 | 297,348 | 2006-10-01 | Tōhoku | Aomori | ![]() |
Asahikawa | 旭川市 | ![]() |
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747.6 | 351,765 | 2000-04-01 | Hokkaidō | ![]() |
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Fukui | 福井市 | ![]() |
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536.41 | 266,612 | 2019-04-01 | Chūbu | Fukui | ![]() |
Fukushima | 福島市 | ![]() |
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767.72 | 289,355 | 2018-04-01 | Tōhoku | Fukushima | ![]() |
Fukuyama | 福山市 | ![]() |
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518.14 | 462,144 | 1998-04-01 | Chūgoku | Hiroshima | ![]() |
Funabashi | 船橋市 | ![]() |
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85.62 | 610,492 | 2003-04-01 | Kantō | Chiba | ![]() |
Gifu | 岐阜市 | ![]() |
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203.60 | 412,718 | 1996-04-01 | Chūbu | Gifu | ![]() |
Hachinohe | 八戸市 | ![]() |
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305.56 | 241,613 | 2017-01-01 | Tōhoku | Aomori | ![]() |
Hachiōji | 八王子市 | ![]() |
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186.38 | 579,799 | 2015-04-01 | Kantō | Tokyo | ![]() |
Hakodate | 函館市 | ![]() |
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677.89 | 279,056 | 2005-10-01 | Hokkaidō | ![]() |
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Higashiōsaka | 東大阪市 | ![]() |
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61.78 | 508,267 | 2005-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Himeji | 姫路市 | ![]() |
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534.43 | 536,218 | 1996-04-01 | Kansai | Hyōgo | ![]() |
Hirakata | 枚方市 | ![]() |
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65.08 | 407,997 | 2014-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Ichinomiya | 一宮市 | ![]() |
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113.82 | 379,654 | 2021-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi | ![]() |
Iwaki | いわき市 | ![]() |
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1,232.02 | 332,994 | 1999-04-01 | Tōhoku | Fukushima | ![]() |
Kagoshima | 鹿児島市 | ![]() |
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547.58 | 607,257 | 1996-04-01 | Kyushu | Kagoshima | ![]() |
Kashiwa | 柏市 | ![]() |
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114.74 | 404,863 | 2008-04-01 | Kantō | Chiba | ![]() |
Kanazawa | 金沢市 | ![]() |
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468.64 | 462,796 | 1996-04-01 | Chūbu | Ishikawa | ![]() |
Kawagoe | 川越市 | ![]() |
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109.13 | 345,361 | 2003-04-01 | Kantō | Saitama | ![]() |
Kawaguchi | 川口市 | ![]() |
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61.95 | 561,788 | 2018-04-01 | Kantō | Saitama | ![]() |
Kōchi | 高知市 | ![]() |
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309.22 | 342,568 | 1998-04-01 | Shikoku | Kōchi | ![]() |
Kōfu | 甲府市 | ![]() |
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212.47 | 197,318 | 2019-04-01 | Chūbu | Yamanashi | ![]() |
Kōriyama | 郡山市 | ![]() |
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757.20 | 331,140 | 1997-04-01 | Tōhoku | Fukushima | ![]() |
Koshigaya | 越谷市 | ![]() |
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60.24 | 328,079 | 2015-04-01 | Kantō | Saitama | ![]() |
Kurashiki | 倉敷市 | ![]() |
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355.63 | 477,086 | 2002-04-01 | Chūgoku | Okayama | ![]() |
Kure | 呉市 | ![]() |
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352.80 | 236,595 | 2016-04-01 | Chūgoku | Hiroshima | ![]() |
Kurume | 久留米市 | ![]() |
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229.96 | 301,821 | 2008-04-01 | Kyushu | Fukuoka | ![]() |
Maebashi | 前橋市 | ![]() |
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311.59 | 338,481 | 2009-04-01 | Kantō | Gunma | ![]() |
Matsue | 松江市 | ![]() |
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572.99 | 208,160 | 2018-04-01 | Chūgoku | Shimane | ![]() |
Matsumoto | 松本市 | ![]() |
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978.47 | 239,466 | 2021-04-01 | Chūbu | Nagano | ![]() |
Matsuyama | 松山市 | ![]() |
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429.40 | 516,823 | 2000-04-01 | Shikoku | Ehime | ![]() |
Mito | 水戸市 | ![]() |
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217.32 | 269,162 | 2020-04-01 | Kantō | Ibaraki | ![]() |
Miyazaki | 宮崎市 | ![]() |
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643.67 | 402,289 | 1998-04-01 | Kyushu | Miyazaki | ![]() |
Morioka | 盛岡市 | ![]() |
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886.47 | 299,734 | 2008-04-01 | Tōhoku | Iwate | ![]() |
Naha | 那覇市 | ![]() |
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39.98 | 321,695 | 2013-04-01 | Kyushu | Okinawa | ![]() |
Nagano | 長野市 | ![]() |
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834.81 | 380,581 | 1999-04-01 | Chūbu | Nagano | ![]() |
Nagasaki | 長崎市 | ![]() |
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240.71 | 440,911 | 1997-04-01 | Kyushu | Nagasaki | ![]() |
Nara | 奈良市 | ![]() |
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276.84 | 365,421 | 2002-04-01 | Kansai | Nara | ![]() |
Neyagawa | 寝屋川市 | ![]() |
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24.73 | 238,819 | 2019-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Nishinomiya | 西宮市 | ![]() |
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99.96 | 483,878 | 2008-04-01 | Kansai | Hyōgo | ![]() |
Ōita | 大分市 | ![]() |
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502.38 | 476,008 | 1997-04-01 | Kyushu | Ōita | ![]() |
Okazaki | 岡崎市 | ![]() |
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387.20 | 374,085 | 2003-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi | ![]() |
Ōtsu | 大津市 | ![]() |
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464.51 | 339,469 | 2009-04-01 | Kansai | Shiga | ![]() |
Sasebo | 佐世保市 | ![]() |
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426.06 | 259,676 | 2016-04-01 | Kyushu | Nagasaki | ![]() |
Shimonoseki | 下関市 | ![]() |
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716.14 | 277,937 | 2005-10-01 | Chūgoku | Yamaguchi | ![]() |
Suita | 吹田市 | ![]() |
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36.11 | 357,917 | 2020-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Takamatsu | 高松市 | ![]() |
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375.41 | 420,356 | 1999-04-01 | Shikoku | Kagawa | ![]() |
Takasaki | 高崎市 | ![]() |
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459.16 | 371,820 | 2011-04-01 | Kantō | Gunma | ![]() |
Takatsuki | 高槻市 | ![]() |
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105.31 | 355,840 | 2003-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Tottori | 鳥取市 | ![]() |
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765.31 | 196,538 | 2018-04-01 | Chūgoku | Tottori | ![]() |
Toyama | 富山市 | ![]() |
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1,241.77 | 421,393 | 2005-04-01 | Chūbu | Toyama | ![]() |
Toyohashi | 豊橋市 | ![]() |
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261.86 | 375,804 | 1999-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi | ![]() |
Toyonaka | 豊中市 | ![]() |
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36.38 | 390,457 | 2012-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Toyota | 豊田市 | ![]() |
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918.32 | 420,680 | 1998-04-01 | Chūbu | Aichi | ![]() |
Utsunomiya | 宇都宮市 | ![]() |
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416.85 | 513,722 | 1996-04-01 | Kantō | Tochigi | ![]() |
Wakayama | 和歌山市 | ![]() |
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210.25 | 368,684 | 1997-04-01 | Kansai | Wakayama | ![]() |
Yamagata | 山形市 | ![]() |
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381.58 | 254,519 | 2019-04-01 | Tōhoku | Yamagata | ![]() |
Yao | 八尾市 | ![]() |
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41.71 | 270,735 | 2018-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Yokosuka | 横須賀市 | ![]() |
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100.7 | 415,259 | 2001-04-01 | Kantō | Kanagawa | ![]() |
Former Core Cities
Some cities used to be core cities but have since become even bigger. They are now "designated cities," which have even more responsibilities.
Name | Japanese | Flag | Emblem | Area (km2) | Population | Date of designation | Date of reclassification | Region | Prefecture | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamamatsu | 浜松市 | ![]() |
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1,558.06 | 795,350 | 1996-04-01 | 2007-04-01 (Designated city) | Chūbu | Shizuoka | ![]() |
Kumamoto | 熊本市 | ![]() |
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390.32 | 737,812 | 1996-04-01 | 2012-04-01 (Designated city) | Kyushu | Kumamoto | ![]() |
Niigata | 新潟市 | ![]() |
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726.45 | 807,450 | 1996-04-01 | 2007-04-01 (Designated city) | Chūbu | Niigata | ![]() |
Okayama | 岡山市 | ![]() |
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789.95 | 720,841 | 1996-04-01 | 2009-04-01 (Designated city) | Chūgoku | Okayama | ![]() |
Sagamihara | 相模原市 | ![]() |
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328.91 | 720,986 | 2003-04-01 | 2010-04-01 (Designated city) | Kantō | Kanagawa | ![]() |
Sakai | 堺市 | ![]() |
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149.82 | 833,544 | 1996-04-01 | 2006-04-01 (Designated city) | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Shizuoka | 静岡市 | ![]() |
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1,411.90 | 697,578 | 1996-04-01 | 2005-04-01 (Designated city) | Chūbu | Shizuoka | ![]() |
Cities Planning to Become Core Cities
These cities are working towards becoming core cities in the future.
Name | Japanese | Flag | Emblem | Area (km2) | Population (2012) | Scheduled date | Region | Prefecture | Map |
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Chigasaki | 茅ヶ崎市 | ![]() |
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35.71 | 236,222 | 2020-04-01 | Kantō | Kanagawa | ![]() |
Fuji | 富士市 | ![]() |
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244.95 | 253,455 | TBD | Chūbu | Shizuoka | ![]() |
Kishiwada | 岸和田市 | ![]() |
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72.68 | 198,615 | 2020-04-01 | Kansai | Osaka | ![]() |
Odawara | 小田原市 | ![]() |
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113.79 | 197,413 | 2020-04-01 | Kantō | Kanagawa | ![]() |
Tsukuba | つくば市 | ![]() |
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283.72 | 216,221 | TBD | Kantō | Ibaraki | ![]() |
Tokorozawa | 所沢市 | ![]() |
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72.11 | 342,321 | TBD | Kantō | Saitama | ![]() |
Yokkaichi | 四日市市 | ![]() |
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206.44 | 307,599 | 2020 (aiming) | Kansai | Mie | ![]() |
Cities That Could Become Core Cities
These cities are big enough to be core cities but haven't applied yet.
Name | Japanese | Flag | Emblem | Area (km2) | Population | Region | Prefecture | Map |
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Ageo | 上尾市 | ![]() |
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45.51 | 229,517 | Kantō | Saitama | ![]() |
Chōfu | 調布市 | ![]() |
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21.58 | 240,668 | Kantō | Tokyo | ![]() |
Fuchū | 府中市 | ![]() |
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29.43 | 260,891 | Kantō | Tokyo | ![]() |
Fujisawa | 藤沢市 | ![]() |
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69.57 | 420,254 | Kantō | Kanagawa | ![]() |
Ichihara | 市原市 | ![]() |
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368.17 | 274,117 | Kantō | Chiba | ![]() |
Ichikawa | 市川市 | ![]() |
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56.39 | 491,804 | Kantō | Chiba | ![]() |
Machida | 町田市 | ![]() |
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71.80 | 429,040 | Kantō | Tokyo | ![]() |
Matsudo | 松戸市 | ![]() |
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61.38 | 498,575 | Kantō | Chiba | ![]() |
Nishitokyo | 西東京市 | ![]() |
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15.75 | 206,047 | Kantō | Tokyo | ![]() |
Tokushima | 徳島市 | ![]() |
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191 | 258,554 | Shikoku | Tokushima | ![]() |
Tsu | 津市 | ![]() |
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711.11 | 279,304 | Kansai | Mie | ![]() |
See also
In Spanish: Ciudad-núcleo de Japón para niños