List of battles involving the Kingdom of Scotland facts for kids
The Kingdom of Scotland, a country with a long and proud history, was involved in many battles over hundreds of years. This list tells you about some of the most important fights where Scottish soldiers took part.
You'll find the name of the battle, when it happened, where it was, who Scotland fought alongside (allies) or against (enemies), and what the final result was.
Here's what the colors mean for the results:
- Scottish military victory (Scotland won!)
- Scottish military defeat (Scotland lost)
- Indecisive or unclear outcome (It was a draw, or the outcome isn't clear)
Contents
- Early Battles: From 875 to 1275
- First War of Scottish Independence: Fighting for Freedom (1296–1327)
- Second War of Scottish Independence: More Fighting (1332–1357)
- Border Wars: Clashes Along the Edge
- Hundred Years' War: Scotland Helps France (1337-1453)
- Anglo-Scottish Wars: More Fights with England
- Nine Years' War: The Rough Wooing (1544-1551)
- Border Skirmishes: Small Fights on the Edge
- See also
Early Battles: From 875 to 1275
This section covers some of the earliest recorded battles involving the Kingdom of Scotland. These fights often involved defending against invaders like the Vikings (Norsemen) or clashing with neighboring kingdoms, especially England.
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First War of Scottish Independence: Fighting for Freedom (1296–1327)
This period was a huge struggle for Scotland to remain an independent country, fighting against the powerful Kingdom of England. Heroes like William Wallace and Robert the Bruce led the Scottish forces.
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Second War of Scottish Independence: More Fighting (1332–1357)
After the first war, Scotland faced another period of conflict with England. This time, some Scottish nobles who had lost their lands also joined the English side.
Border Wars: Clashes Along the Edge
These battles happened mostly along the border between Scotland and England. They were often smaller fights, but still important for controlling land and showing strength.
| Battle | Date | Location | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battle of Duns | 1372 | Berwickshire, Scotland | None | .svg){kind=small} Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Otterburn | 5/19 August 1388 | Northumberland, England | None | Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Nesbit Moor | 22 June 1402 | Berwickshire, Scotland | None | Kingdom of England |
Defeat |
| Battle of Humbleton Hill | 14 September 1402 | Northumberland, England | None | Kingdom of England |
Defeat |
| Battle of Yeavering | 22 July 1415 | Northumberland, England | None | .svg){kind=small} Kingdom of England |
Defeat |
Hundred Years' War: Scotland Helps France (1337-1453)
The Hundred Years' War was a long conflict between England and France. Scotland often helped France, as both countries were enemies of England. This alliance was known as the "Auld Alliance."
| Battle | Date | Location | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battle of Baugé | 21 March 1421 | France |  Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Cravant | 31 July 1423 | France | Kingdom of France
 Duchy of Brittany |
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 Duchy of Burgundy |
Defeat |
| Battle of Verneuil | 17 August 1424 | France | Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England
Duchy of Burgundy |
Defeat |
| Siege of Orléans | 12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429 | France | Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of the Herrings | 12 February 1429 | France | Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Defeat |
| Battle of Jargeau | 10–12 June 1429 |  France |
 Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Meung-sur-Loire | 15 June 1429 | France |
Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Beaugency | 15–16 June 1429 | France |
Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Patay | 18 June 1429 | France | Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
Anglo-Scottish Wars: More Fights with England
Even after the Wars of Independence, Scotland and England continued to fight many battles. These conflicts were often about land, power, and who would rule.
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Nine Years' War: The Rough Wooing (1544-1551)
This conflict, sometimes called the "Rough Wooing," was a series of attacks by England on Scotland. England wanted to force Scotland's young Queen Mary to marry the English Prince Edward.
| Battle | Date | Location | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burning of Edinburgh | 7 May 1544 | Edinburgh, Scotland | None | Kingdom of England |
Defeat |
| Battle of Ancrum Moor | 27 February 1545 | Roxburghshire, Scotland | None | Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of Pinkie Cleugh | 10 September 1547 | Musselburgh, Scotland | None | Kingdom of England |
Defeat |
| Sieges of Haddington | 1548-1549 | Haddington, Scotland | Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
| Battle of St Monans | 1549 | Fife, Scotland | Kingdom of France |
Kingdom of England |
Victory |
Border Skirmishes: Small Fights on the Edge
These were often smaller, quick fights that happened between groups of people living near the border. They were part of a long history of raiding and conflict in the area.
| Battle | Date | Location | Allies | Enemies | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raid of the Redeswire | 7 July 1575 | Northumberland, England | None | Kingdom of England |
Victory |
See also
