List of rulers of Bengal facts for kids
Bengal is a region with a very long and interesting history. For much of its past, Bengal was divided into many separate kingdoms. It was only fully united a few times. In ancient times, Bengal had kingdoms like Pundra, Suhma, Vanga, Samatata, and Harikela. Around 400 BCE, during the Nanda Empire, powerful rulers from a kingdom called Gangaridai used their strong war elephants. This helped make Alexander the Great decide to leave the Indian subcontinent.
In 750 AD, a ruler named Gopala brought Bengal together again under the Pala Empire. This empire followed Buddhism and Shaivism (a part of Hinduism). The Pala period is seen as a golden age for Bengal. It brought peace and wealth after many years of fighting. During this time, amazing art and buildings were created. The early Bengali language also started to develop, including its first famous writings. After the Palas, other dynasties like the Buddhist and Hindu Chandra dynasty, Sena dynasty and Deva dynasty ruled. The Deva dynasty's rule was also a time of peace and creativity, often called a "golden age." Later, Hindu Maharajas ruled kingdoms like Chandradwip and Cooch Behar.
In the early 1200s, Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered parts of Western and Northern Bengal. He set up the first Muslim kingdom there. Different Islamic dynasties, like the Mamluk Sultanate, the Khalji dynasty, and others, ruled Bengal for over 320 years. A notable ruler was Razia Sultana, the only female ruler, who shared her reign with her husband Malik Altunia. After the Delhi Sultanate, the Bengal Sultanate was formed by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah. This was a very important trading nation. The Ilyas Shahi dynasty and later the Hussain Shahi dynasty ruled it. During the Hussain Shahi rule, the sultanate grew to include the port of Chittagong, where the first Portuguese merchants arrived.
Contents
- Ancient Bengal's Kingdoms
- Magadha Dynasties and Bengal
- Brihadratha Dynasty (around 1700 – 682 BCE)
- Pradyota Dynasty (around 682 – 544 BCE)
- Haryanka Dynasty (around 544 – 413 BCE)
- Shishunaga Dynasty (around 413 – 345 BCE)
- Nanda Empire (around 345 – 322 BCE)
- Maurya Empire (around 322 – 184 BCE)
- Shunga Empire (around 185 – 73 BCE)
- Kanva Dynasty (around 73 – 28 BCE)
- Classical Era Kingdoms
- Chandra Dynasty (around 202 – 1050 CE)
- Gupta Empire (around 240 – 550 CE)
- Jaintia Kingdom (around 525 – 1835 CE)
- Gauda Kingdom (around 550 – 626 CE)
- Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (around 606 – 647 CE)
- Khadga Dynasty (around 625 – 730 CE)
- Bhadra Dynasty (6th to 7th century)
- Mallabhum Kingdom (around 694 – 1147 CE)
- Post-Classical Era
- Delhi Sultanate Period
- Bengal Sultanate Era
- Independent Sultans during Tughlaq Dynasty (1338–1352)
- Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (1352–1414)
- House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)
- Restored Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (1435–1487)
- Habshi Rule (1487–1494)
- Hussain Shahi Dynasty (1494–1538)
- Governors of Bengal under Sur Empire (1532–1556)
- Muhammad Shah Dynasty (1554–1564)
- Karrani Dynasty (1564–1576)
- Mughal Subahdars of Bengal Subah (1574–1717)
- Medieval Hindu Dynasties of Bengal
- Nawabs of Bengal
- East India Company Governors in Bengal
- British Raj Era
- After Independence of India and Pakistan
- After Independence of Bangladesh
Ancient Bengal's Kingdoms
How Bengal Was Divided Long Ago
Bengal was once split into several ancient regions. Each had its own name and location.
Ancient region | Modern region |
---|---|
Pundravardhana | Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division in Bangladesh; Malda division of West Bengal in India |
Vanga | Khulna Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh; West of the Padma river. |
Tirabhukti | Mithila area of India and Nepal |
Gauda | Modern Malda and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal, India |
Suhma | Burdwan division, Medinipur division and Presidency division of West Bengal in India |
Rarh | Corresponds to the modern Bardhaman, Bankura, Hooghly and Nadia districts of West Bengal in India |
Samatata | Dhaka Division, Barisal Division and Chittagong Division in Bangladesh |
Harikela | Sylhet Division, Chittagong Division, Dhaka Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh |
Early Kingdoms in Bengal
Here are some of the earliest kingdoms that existed in Bengal:
Anga Kingdom (around 1100 – 530 BCE)
The Anga kingdom is mentioned in old texts like the Atharvaveda. It was later taken over by the Magadha kingdom during the time of King Bimbisara.
Some known Anga rulers include:
- Maharaj Anga (the kingdom's founder)
- Romapada
- Angaraj Karna
- Brahmadatta (the last king)
Vanga Kingdom (around 1100 – 340 BCE)
Vanga was an old kingdom located in southern Bengal, near the Ganges delta. It covered parts of what is now southwestern Bangladesh and southern West Bengal in India.
Some known Vanga rulers include:
- Samudrasena
- Chadrasena
Pundra Kingdom (around 1100 – 340 BCE)
The Pundra Kingdom was an ancient state. It included parts of today's Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions in Bangladesh. It also covered the West Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India.
A known Pundra ruler was:
- Paundraka Vasudeva
Suhma Kingdom (around 1100 – 340 BCE)
Suhma was an ancient state in the eastern part of Bengal during the Vedic period. It is mentioned in the epic story of the Mahabharata.
Videha Dynasty of Mithila (around 1100 – 700 BCE)
The Mithila region is bordered by several rivers and the Himalayan foothills. The Videha dynasty ruled this area first. There were 52 kings, called Janaka, in this dynasty.
The first Janaka was Mithi, who founded Mithila. The last king was Kriti Janak. He was a harsh ruler and was removed from power by the people. After this, the Licchavi clan took control of the Mithila region around the 8th century BCE.
Gangaridai Kingdom (around 350 – 100 BCE)
Ancient Greek and Roman writers used the term Gangaridai to describe a group of people or a region in ancient India. Some writers said that Alexander the Great decided not to invade India because of the strong war elephant army of the Gangaridai. At that time, the Nanda Empire also ruled this area.
Many modern experts believe Gangaridai was located in the Ganges Delta region of Bengal. The capital city, Gange or Ganges, might have been Chandraketugarh or Wari-Bateshwar.
Magadha Dynasties and Bengal
Brihadratha Dynasty (around 1700 – 682 BCE)
This was one of the early dynasties that ruled the Magadha region, which influenced Bengal.
Some rulers of this dynasty were:
- Brihadratha
- Jarasandha
- Ripunjaya (the last ruler, overthrown in 682 BCE)
Ruler | Reign (BCE) |
---|---|
Brihadratha | - BCE |
Jarasandha | - BCE |
Sahadeva of Magadha | - BCE |
Somadhi | 1661–1603 BCE |
Srutasravas | 1603–1539 BCE |
Ayutayus | 1539–1503 BCE |
Niramitra | 1503–1463 BCE |
Sukshatra | 1463–1405 BCE |
Brihatkarman | 1405–1382 BCE |
Senajit | 1382–1332 BCE |
Srutanjaya | 1332–1292 BCE |
Vipra | 1292–1257 BCE |
Suchi | 1257–1199 BCE |
Kshemya | 1199–1171 BCE |
Subrata | 1171–1107 BCE |
Dharma | 1107–1043 BCE |
Susuma | 1043–970 BCE |
Dridhasena | 970–912 BCE |
Sumati | 912–879 BCE |
Subala | 879–857 BCE |
Sunita | 857–817 BCE |
Satyajit | 817–767 BCE |
Viswajit | 767–732 BCE |
Ripunjaya | 732–682 BCE |
(Ripunjaya was the last ruler of dynasty, dethorned by Pradyota in 682 BCE)
Pradyota Dynasty (around 682 – 544 BCE)
This dynasty followed the Brihadrathas.
Some rulers were:
- Pradyota Mahasena
- Varttivarddhana (the last ruler, overthrown in 544 BCE)
Ruler | Reign (BCE) | Period |
---|---|---|
Pradyota Mahasena | 682–659 BCE | 23 |
Palaka | 659–635 BCE | 24 |
Visakhayupa | 635–585 BCE | 50 |
Ajaka | 585–564 BCE | 21 |
Varttivarddhana | 564–544 BCE | 20 |
(Varttivarddhana was last ruler of dynasty dethroned by Bimbisara in 544 BCE)
Haryanka Dynasty (around 544 – 413 BCE)
This dynasty was important in the history of Magadha.
Some rulers included:
- Bimbisara
- Ajatashatru
- Nāgadāsaka (the last ruler, overthrown in 413 BCE)
Ruler | Reign (BCE) |
---|---|
Bimbisara | 544–491 BCE |
Ajatashatru | 491–461 BCE |
Udayin | 461–428 BCE |
Anirudha | 428–419 BCE |
Munda | 419–417 BCE |
Darshaka | 417–415 BCE |
Nāgadāsaka | 415–413 BCE |
(Nāgadāsaka was last ruler of dynasty overthrowed by Shishunaga in 413 BCE)
Shishunaga Dynasty (around 413 – 345 BCE)
This dynasty continued to rule the Magadha region.
Some rulers were:
- Shishunaga
- Mahanandin (the last ruler, whose empire was taken by his son in 345 BCE)
Ruler | Reign (BCE) |
---|---|
Shishunaga | 413–395 BCE |
Kalashoka | 395–377 BCE |
Kshemadharman | 377–365 BCE |
Kshatraujas | 365–355 BCE |
Nandivardhana | 355–349 BCE |
Mahanandin | 349–345 BCE |
(Mahanandin lost his empire by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda in 345 BCE)
Nanda Empire (around 345 – 322 BCE)
The Nanda Empire was a very powerful empire that conquered all of Bengal.
Some rulers were:
- Mahapadma Nanda (the founder)
- Dhana Nanda (the last ruler, defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE)
Ruler | Reign (BCE) |
---|---|
Mahapadma Nanda | 345–340 BCE |
Pandukananda | 340–339 BCE |
Pandugatinanda | 339–338 BCE |
Bhutapalananda | 338–337 BCE |
Rashtrapalananada | 337–336 BCE |
Govishanakananda | 336–335 BCE |
Dashasiddhakananda | 335–334 BCE |
Kaivartananda | 334–329 BCE |
Dhana Nanda | 329–321 BCE |
(Dhana Nanda lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)
Maurya Empire (around 322 – 184 BCE)
The Maurya Empire was the first large, united empire in India, and it included Bengal.
Some important rulers were:
- Chandragupta Maurya (founder of the empire)
- Ashoka (a very famous emperor, known for his victory in the Kalinga war)
- Brihadratha (the last ruler, killed by his general in 185 BCE)
Ruler | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Chandragupta Maurya | 322–297 BCE | Founder of first Indian united empire. |
Bindusara Amitraghata | 297–273 BCE | Known for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of Vidarbh revolt. |
Ashoka | 268–232 BCE | Greatest emperor of dynasty. His son Kunala was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for Kalinga war victory. |
Dasharatha Maurya | 232–224 BCE | Grandson of Ashoka. |
Samprati | 224–215 BCE | Brother of Dasharatha. |
Shalishuka | 215–202 BCE | |
Devavarman | 202–195 BCE | |
Shatadhanvan | 195–187 BCE | Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign |
Brihadratha | 187–184 BCE | Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE. |
(Brihadratha was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE)
Shunga Empire (around 185 – 73 BCE)
This dynasty came after the Mauryas.
Some rulers were:
- Pushyamitra Shunga (the founder)
- Devabhuti (the last ruler, overthrown in 73 BCE)
Ruler | Reign (BCE) |
---|---|
Pushyamitra Shunga | 185–149 BCE |
Agnimitra | 149–141 BCE |
Vasujyeshtha | 141–131 BCE |
Vasumitra | 131–124 BCE |
Bhadraka | 124–122 BCE |
Pulindaka | 122–119 BCE |
Ghosha | 119–108 BCE |
Vajramitra | 108–94 BCE |
Bhagabhadra | 94–83 BCE |
Devabhuti | 83–73 BCE |
(Devabhuti was the last ruler of dynasty dethroned by, dethroned Vasudeva Kanva in 73 BCE)
Kanva Dynasty (around 73 – 28 BCE)
This was a short-lived dynasty that followed the Shungas.
Some rulers were:
- Vasudeva Kanva
- Susarman (the last ruler, overthrown by the Satavahana Empire)
Ruler | Reign | Period |
---|---|---|
Vasudeva Kanva | 73–64 BCE | 9 |
Bhumimitra | 64–50 BCE | 14 |
Narayana | 50–38 BCE | 12 |
Susarman | 38–28 BCE | 10 |
(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by Simuka of Satavahana Empire)
Classical Era Kingdoms
Chandra Dynasty (around 202 – 1050 CE)
The Chandra Kingdom was a Hindu kingdom that ruled the Samatata region of Bengal. It was a neighbor to the Pala Empire.
This dynasty had many rulers, including:
- Chandrodaya (the first ruler)
- Kuverami (a queen)
- Traillokyachandra (a ruler of the Harikela branch)
- Govindachandra (the last ruler of this branch)
# | King | Period | Reign (CE) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Chandrodaya | 27 | 202–229 |
2 | Annaveta | 5 | 229–234 |
3 | Chandranveta | 77 | 234–311 |
4 | Rimbhiappa | 23 | 311–334 |
5 | Kuverami (Queen) | 7 | 334–341 |
6 | Umavira | 20 | 341–361 |
7 | Jugna | 7 | 361–368 |
8 | Lanki | 2 | 368–370 |
9 | Dvenchandra | 55 | 370–425 |
10 | Rajachandra | 20 | 425–445 |
11 | Kalachandra | 9 | 445–454 |
12 | Devachandra | 22 | 454–476 |
13 | Yajnachandra | 7 | 476–483 |
14 | Chandrabandu | 6 | 483–489 |
15 | Bhumichandra | 7 | 489–496 |
16 | Bhutichandra | 24 | 496–520 |
17 | Nitichandra | 55 | 520–575 |
18 | Virachandra | 3 | 575–578 |
19 | Pritichandra | 12 | 578–590 |
20 | Prithvichandra | 7 | 590–597 |
21 | Dhirtichandra | 3 | 597–600 |
22 | Mahavira | 12 | 600–612 |
23 | Virayajap | 12 | 612–624 |
24 | Sevinren | 12 | 624–636 |
25 | Dharmasura | 13 | 636–649 |
26 | Vajrashakti | 16 | 649–665 |
27 | Dharmavijaya | 36 | 665–701 |
28 | Narendravijaya | 2 yr 9 months | 701–703 |
29 | Dharmachandra | 16 | 703–720 |
30 | Anandachandra | 9+ | 720–729+ |
Harikela dynasty | |||
1 | Traillokyachandra | 30 | 900–930 |
2 | Srichandra | 45 | 930–975 |
3 | Kalyanachandra | 25 | 975–1000 |
4 | Ladahachandra | 20 | 1000–1020 |
5 | Govindachandra | 30 | 1020–1050 |
Gupta Empire (around 240 – 550 CE)
The Gupta Empire was a powerful empire that also included parts of Bengal. It is often called a "Golden Age" of India.
Some rulers were:
- Sri-Gupta I (founder)
- Ghatotkacha
- Chandra Gupta I
- Samudra Gupta
- Rama Gupta
- Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya)
- Kumara Gupta I
- Skanda Gupta
- Puru Gupta
- Kumara Gupta II
- Buddha Gupta
- Narasimha Gupta
- Kumara Gupta III
- Vishnugupta (last imperial Gupta ruler)
Jaintia Kingdom (around 525 – 1835 CE)
This kingdom had a very long history, with different groups of rulers over time.
Some rulers from different periods include:
- Urmi Rani (early ruler)
- Jayanta (partitioned Jaintia ruler)
- Kedareshwar Rai (Brahmin dynasty ruler)
- Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (new dynasty ruler)
- Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (last ruler)
Gauda Kingdom (around 550 – 626 CE)
The Gauda Kingdom was an important independent kingdom in Bengal.
Known rulers include:
- Shashanka (the first recorded independent Hindu king of Bengal, who united Bengal)
- Manava (ruled for a short time before being conquered)
Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (around 606 – 647 CE)
This empire united much of Northern India.
A key ruler who influenced Bengal was:
- Harshavardhana (he ruled Northern India for over 40 years)
Khadga Dynasty (around 625 – 730 CE)
This dynasty ruled parts of Bengal.
Some rulers were:
- Khadgodyama
- Rajabhatta
Titular Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Khadgodyama | 625-640 | Father of Jatakhadga |
Jatakhadga | 640-658 | Father of Devakhadga |
Devakhadga | 658-673 | Queen Prabhavati |
Rajabhatta | 673-707 | Son of Devakhadga |
Balabhata | 707-716 | Son of Devakhadga |
Udirnakhadga | ?? |
Bhadra Dynasty (6th to 7th century)
The Bhadra dynasty was a Hindu royal family of Brahmin origin in Bengal. Not much is known about them, but their kings had names ending in "Bhadra."
Known rulers include:
- Narayanabhadra
- Jyeshthabhadra
Mallabhum Kingdom (around 694 – 1147 CE)
This kingdom also had a long line of rulers.
Some rulers were:
- Adi Malla (the first king)
- Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)
- Kalipada Singha Thakur (ruled until 1947)
Name of the king | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Adi Malla | 694–710 | |
Jay Malla | 710–720 | |
Benu Malla | 720–733 | |
Kinu Malla | 733–742 | |
Indra Malla | 742–757 | |
Kanu Malla | 757–764 | |
Dha (Jhau) Malla | 764–775 | |
Shur Malla | 775–795 | |
Kanak Malla | 795–807 | |
Kandarpa Malla | 807–828 | |
Sanatan Malla | 828–841 | |
Kharga Malla | 841–862 | |
Durjan (Durjay) Malla | 862–906 | |
Yadav Malla | 906–919 | |
Jagannath Malla | 919–931 | |
Birat Malla | 931–946 | |
Mahadev Malla | 946–977 | |
Durgadas Malla | 977–994 | |
Jagat Malla | 994–1007 | |
Ananta Malla | 1007–1015 | |
Rup Malla | 1015–1029 | |
Sundar Malla | 1029–1053 | |
Kumud Malla | 1053–1074 | |
Krishna Malla | 1074–1084 | |
Rup II (Jhap) Malla | 1084–1097 | |
Prakash Malla | 1097–1102 | |
Pratap Malla | 1102–1113 | |
Sindur Malla | 1113–1129 | |
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla | 1129–1142 | |
Banamali Malla | 1142–1156 | |
Yadu/Jadu Malla | 1156–1167 | |
Jiban Malla | 1167–1185 | |
Ram Malla | 1185–1209 | |
Gobinda Malla | 1209–1240 | |
Bhim Malla | 1240–1263 | |
Katar(Khattar) Malla | 1263–1295 | |
Prithwi Malla | 1295 -1319 | |
Tapa Malla | 1319–1334 | |
Dinabandhu Malla | 1334–1345 | |
Kinu/Kanu II Malla | 1345–1358 | |
Shur Malla II | 1358–1370 | |
Shiv Singh Malla | 1370–1407 | |
Madan Malla | 1407–1420 | |
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla | 1420–1437 | |
Uday Malla | 1437–1460 | |
Chandra Malla | 1460–1501 | |
Bir Malla | 1501–1554 | |
Dhari Malla | 1554–1565 | |
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) | 1565–1620 | |
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev | 1620–1626 | |
Raghunath Singha Dev | 1626–1656 | |
Bir Singha Dev | 1656–1682 | |
Durjan Singha Dev | 1682–1702 | |
Raghunath Singha Dev II | 1702–1712 | |
Gopal Singha Dev | 1712–1748 | |
Chaitanya Singha Dev | 1748–1801 | |
Madhav Singha Dev | 1801–1809 | |
Gopal Singha Dev II | 1809–1876 | |
Ramkrishna Singha Dev | 1876–1885 | |
Dwhaja Moni Devi | 1885–1889 | |
Nilmoni Singha Dev | 1889–1903 | |
Churamoni Devi (Regency) | 1903–1930 | |
Kalipada Singha Thakur | 1930–1947 |
Post-Classical Era
Pala Empire (around 750 – 1161 CE)
The Pala Empire was a very important empire in Bengal. Historians have different ideas about the exact dates of their rule.
Some important Pala rulers were:
RC Majumdar (1971) | AM Chowdhury (1967) | BP Sinha (1977) | DC Sircar (1975–76) | D. K. Ganguly (1994) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gopala I | 750–770 | 756–781 | 755–783 | 750–775 | 750–774 |
Dharmapala | 770–810 | 781–821 | 783–820 | 775–812 | 774–806 |
Devapala | 810–c. 850 | 821–861 | 820–860 | 812–850 | 806–845 |
Mahendrapala | NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.) | 845–860 | |||
Shurapala I | Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I | 850–858 | 860–872 | ||
Gopala II | NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.) | ||||
Vigrahapala I | 850–853 | 861–866 | 860–865 | 858–60 | 872–873 |
Narayanapala | 854–908 | 866–920 | 865–920 | 860–917 | 873–927 |
Rajyapala | 908–940 | 920–952 | 920–952 | 917–952 | 927–959 |
Gopala III | 940–957 | 952–969 | 952–967 | 952–972 | 959–976 |
Vigrahapala II | 960–c. 986 | 969–995 | 967–980 | 972–977 | 976–977 |
Mahipala I | 988–c. 1036 | 995–1043 | 980–1035 | 977–1027 | 977–1027 |
Nayapala | 1038–1053 | 1043–1058 | 1035–1050 | 1027–1043 | 1027–1043 |
Vigrahapala III | 1054–1072 | 1058–1075 | 1050–1076 | 1043–1070 | 1043–1070 |
Mahipala II | 1072–1075 | 1075–1080 | 1076–1078/9 | 1070–1071 | 1070–1071 |
Shurapala II | 1075–1077 | 1080–1082 | 1071–1072 | 1071–1072 | |
Ramapala | 1077–1130 | 1082–1124 | 1078/9–1132 | 1072–1126 | 1072–1126 |
Kumarapala | 1130–1140 | 1124–1129 | 1132–1136 | 1126–1128 | 1126–1128 |
Gopala IV | 1140–1144 | 1129–1143 | 1136–1144 | 1128–1143 | 1128–1143 |
Madanapala | 1144–1162 | 1143–1162 | 1144–1161/62 | 1143–1161 | 1143–1161 |
Govindapala | 1158–1162 | NA | 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 | 1161–1165 | 1161–1165 |
Palapala | NA | NA | NA | 1165–1199 | 1165–1200 |
Sena Dynasty (around 1070 – 1230 CE)
The Sena dynasty took over after the Palas. Vijaya Sena conquered all of Bengal by 1154 CE.
Some rulers were:
- Hemanta Sena
- Vijaya Sena
- Ballala Sena
- Lakshmana Sena
- Vishvarupa Sena
- Keshava Sena (last ruler)
Deva Dynasty (around 1150 – 1294 CE)
The list of rulers for this dynasty is debated by historians.
Some known rulers include:
- Damodaradeva
- Dasharathadeva
- Vikramadityadeva
Delhi Sultanate Period
Khalji Dynasty (around 1203–1231)
The Khalji dynasty of Bengal started as representatives of the Ghurid Empire. They later became independent but sometimes answered to the Delhi Sultanate.
Some rulers were:
- Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji (started the Khalji dynasty in Bengal)
- Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah
- Balka Khalji (last Khalji ruler)
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji | c.1203–1206 | Began the Khalji dynasty in Bengal |
Muhammad Shiran Khalji | 1206–1208 | |
Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji | 1208–1210 | |
Ali Mardan Khalji | 1210–1212 | |
Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah | 1212–1227 | Second term, killed for gaining independence from Sultan of Delhi Iltutmish |
Alauddin Daulat Shah Khalji | 1229–1230 | |
Balka Khalji | 1230–1231 | Last Khalji ruler |
Governors of Bengal under Mamluk Dynasty (1227–1287)
These governors were appointed by the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
Some governors were:
- Nasiruddin Mahmud
- Tughral Tughan Khan
- Nasiruddin Bughra Khan (declared independence and started the Balban dynasty)
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Nasiruddin Mahmud | 1227–1229 | Appointed by his father Sultan Iltutmish of Delhi |
Alauddin Jani | 1232–1233 | |
Saifuddin Aibak | 1233–1236 | |
Awar Khan Aibak | 1236 | Usurper |
Tughral Tughan Khan | 1236–1246 | Restored Mamluk governor |
Tughlaq Tamar Khan | 1246–1247 | |
Jalaluddin Masud Jani | 1247–1251 | |
Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak | 1251–1257 | Claimed independence. |
Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki | 1257–1259 | |
Tatar Khan | 1259–1268 | Claimed independence. |
Sher Khan | 1268–1272 | |
Amin Khan | 1272–1272 | |
Tughral Tughan Khan | 1272–1281 | Second term as Mughisuddin Tughral |
Nasiruddin Bughra Khan | 1281–1287 | Declared independence and founded the Balban dynasty |
House of Balban (around 1287–1324)
This dynasty began when the Mamluk governor Nasiruddin Bughra Khan declared independence from Delhi.
Some rulers were:
- Nasiruddin Bughra Khan (declared independence)
- Shamsuddin Firoz Shah (conquered new areas like Sonargaon and Sylhet)
- Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah (lost Bengal's independence to the Delhi Sultan)
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Nasiruddin Bughra Khan | 1287–1291 | Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate |
Rukunuddin Kaikaus | 1291–1300 | First Muslim ruler to conquer Satgaon kingdom, expanding Lakhnauti. |
Shamsuddin Firoz Shah | 1300–1322 | First Muslim ruler to conquer Sonargaon, Mymensingh and Srihatta. Completed Kaikaus' Conquest of Satgaon. |
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah | 1322–1324 | Lost independence of Bengal to Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. |
Governors of Bengal under Tughlaq Dynasty (1324–1338)
After the Tughlaqs took over Bengal, they appointed governors for different regions.
Some governors included:
- Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah (governor of Sonargaon, later declared independence)
- Bahram Khan (governor of Sonargaon)
- Qadar Khan (governor of Lakhnauti)
Name | Region | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah | Sonargaon | 1324–1328 | Appointed as governor by Sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq, but later declared independence |
Bahram Khan | Sonargaon | 1328–1338 | |
Qadar Khan | Lakhnauti | 1328–1336 | |
Mukhlis | Lakhnauti | 1336–1339 | |
Azam Khan | Satgaon | 1324–1328 | |
Izzuddin Yahya | Satgaon | 1328–1338 |
Bengal Sultanate Era
Independent Sultans during Tughlaq Dynasty (1338–1352)
During this time, some rulers in Bengal declared independence from the Tughlaq dynasty.
Some of these independent rulers were:
- Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah (first independent ruler of Sonargaon)
- Ilyas Shah (became the first sole ruler of all Bengal)
Name | Region | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah | Sonargaon | 1338–1349 | First independent ruler of Sonargaon |
Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah | Sonargaon | 1349–1352 | |
Ilyas Shah | Satgaon | 1339–1342 | |
Alauddin Ali Shah | Lakhnauti | 1339–1342 | |
Ilyas Shah | Lakhnauti and Satgaon | 1342–1352 |
Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (1352–1414)
This dynasty united Bengal under one ruler.
Some rulers were:
- Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah (first sole ruler of all Bengal)
- Sikandar Shah
- Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah | 1352–1358 | Became the first sole ruler of whole Bengal comprising Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti. |
Sikandar Shah | 1358–1390 | Killed in battle with his son and successor, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah |
Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah | 1390–1411 | |
Saifuddin Hamza Shah | 1411–1412 | |
Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah | 1412–1414 |
House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)
This was a short period when a Hindu ruler and his family took control.
Some rulers were:
- Raja Ganesha
- Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah (son of Raja Ganesha, who converted to Islam)
- Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Raja Ganesha | 1414–1415 | |
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah | 1415–1416 | Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam |
Raja Ganesha | 1416–1418 | Second Phase |
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah | 1418–1433 | Second Phase |
Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah | 1433–1435 |
Restored Ilyas Shahi Dynasty (1435–1487)
The Ilyas Shahi dynasty returned to power after the House of Raja Ganesha.
Some rulers were:
- Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
- Rukunuddin Barbak Shah
- Jalaluddin Fateh Shah
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah | 1435–1459 | |
Rukunuddin Barbak Shah | 1459–1474 | Son of Mahmud Shah |
Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah | 1474–1481 | Son of Barbak Shah |
Nuruddin Sikandar Shah | 1481 | Son of Mahmud Shah |
Jalaluddin Fateh Shah | 1481–1487 | Son of Mahmud Shah |
Habshi Rule (1487–1494)
Habshi rulers, who were from East Africa, took control for a short period.
Some rulers were:
- Saifuddin Firuz Shah
- Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Shahzada Barbak | 1487 | |
Saifuddin Firuz Shah | 1487–1489 | |
Mahmud Shah II | 1489–1490 | |
Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah | 1490–1494 |
Hussain Shahi Dynasty (1494–1538)
This dynasty is known for a time of great cultural growth in Bengal.
Some rulers were:
- Alauddin Hussain Shah (seen as one of the greatest sultans for cultural growth)
- Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah
- Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Alauddin Hussain Shah | 1494–1518 | considered greatest of all sultans of Bengal for bringing cultural renaissance during his reign. |
Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah | 1518–1533 | |
Alauddin Firuz Shah | 1533 | |
Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah | 1533–1538 |
Governors of Bengal under Sur Empire (1532–1556)
The Sur Empire, based in Delhi, also appointed governors for Bengal.
Some governors were:
- Sher Shah Suri (later became the ruler of Delhi)
- Muhammad Khan Sur
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Sher Shah Suri | 1532–1538 | Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540. |
Khidr Khan | 1538–1541 | |
Qazi Fazilat | 1541–1545 | |
Muhammad Khan Sur | 1545–1554 | |
Shahbaz Khan | 1555 |
Muhammad Shah Dynasty (1554–1564)
This dynasty declared independence from the Sur Empire.
Some rulers were:
- Muhammad Khan Sur (declared independence)
- Khizr Khan Suri
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Muhammad Khan Sur | 1554–1555 | Declared independence and styled himself as Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah |
Khizr Khan Suri | 1555–1561 | |
Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah | 1561–1563 | |
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah III | 1563–1564 |
Karrani Dynasty (1564–1576)
This was the last independent Afghan dynasty to rule Bengal.
Some rulers were:
- Taj Khan Karrani
- Sulaiman Khan Karrani
- Daud Khan Karrani (the last ruler)
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Taj Khan Karrani | 1564–1566 | |
Sulaiman Khan Karrani | 1566–1572 | |
Bayazid Khan Karrani | 1572 | |
Daud Khan Karrani | 1572–1576 |
Mughal Subahdars of Bengal Subah (1574–1717)
During the Reign of Akbar the Great
These governors served during the rule of the famous Mughal emperor Akbar.
Some Subahdars were:
- Munim Khan
- Raja Man Singh I
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Munim Khan | 1574–1575 | Khan-i-Khanan |
Hussain Quli Khan | 1575–1578 | |
Muzaffar Khan Turbati | 1579–1580 | |
Mirza Aziz Koka | 1582–1583 | |
Wazir Khan Tajik | 1583–1583 | |
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh | 1583–1585 | |
Sadiq Khan | 1585–1586 | |
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh | 1586–1587 | |
Sa'id Khan | 1587–1594 | |
Raja Man Singh I | 1597 – 1606 |
During the Reign of Jahangir
These governors served during the rule of Emperor Jahangir.
Some Subahdars were:
- Islam Khan Chishti (moved the capital of Bengal to Dhaka in 1612)
- Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Qutubuddin Koka | 2 Sep 1606 – 1607 | killed in a battle against Sher Afghan. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tomb where both of them were buried is presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.) |
Jahangir Quli Beg | 1607–1608 | In early life, a slave of Akbar's brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim |
Islam Khan Chishti | 1608–1613 | first governor to transfer the Bengal capital to Dhaka in April 1612 |
Qasim Khan Chishti | 1613–1617 | younger brother of Islam Khan Chishti |
Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang | 1617–1624 | died in an attack by Prince Shahjahan |
Darab Khan | 1624–1625 | while Shahjahan occupied Bengal. Killed by Mahabbat Khan. |
Mahabat Khan | 1625–1626 | |
Mukarram Khan | 1626–1627 | |
Fidai Khan | 1627–1628 |
During the Reign of Shah Jahan
These governors served during the rule of Emperor Shah Jahan, who built the Taj Mahal.
A key Subahdar was:
- Prince Shah Shuja
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Qasim Khan Juvayni | 1628–1632 | |
Mir Muhammad Baqir | 1632–1635 | Known as Azam Khan |
Mir Abdus Salam | 1635–1639 | Known as Islam Khan Mashadi |
Prince Shah Shuja | 1639–1647 again 1652–1660 |
During the Reign of Aurangzeb
These governors served during the rule of Emperor Aurangzeb.
Some Subahdars were:
- Mir Jumla II
- Shaista Khan
- Prince Azim-us-Shan
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Mir Jumla II | 1660–1663 | |
Shaista Khan | 1664–1678 | |
Azam Khan Koka | 1678–1678 | Known as Fidai Khan II |
Prince Muhammad Azam | 20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679 | |
Shaista Khan | 1680–1688 | |
Ibrahim Khan II | 1689–1697 | |
Prince Azim-us-Shan | 1697–1712 |
Medieval Hindu Dynasties of Bengal
Koch Dynasty (around 1515 – 1949 CE)
This dynasty ruled for a very long time, even into the 20th century.
Rulers of Undivided Koch Dynasty
- Biswa Singha
- Nara Narayan
Rulers of Koch Bihar
After the Koch dynasty split, these rulers governed Koch Bihar.
Some rulers were:
- Lakshmi Narayan
- Nripendra Narayan
- Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled until 1949)
Kingdom of Bhurshut (16th–18th century)
This kingdom was located in Bengal.
Some rulers were:
- Maharaja Shivanarayan
- Maharaja Rudranarayan
- Bhavashankari (a Maharani, or queen)
Kingdom of Chandradweep or Basu Dynasty
Chandradweep Ruled By
Some rulers were:
- Raja Paramananda Basu
- Kandarpanarayan Basu
Maharajas of Jessore Region
A known ruler from the Jessore region was:
- Pratapaditya
Maharaja of Lower Bengal Region
A known ruler from the Lower Bengal region was:
- Raja Sitaram Ray
Maharaja of Bhawal Region
These rulers governed the Bhawal region, including areas in central Bangladesh.
Nawabs of Bengal
Independent Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1757 CE)
These Nawabs ruled Bengal independently before the British took full control.
Title | Name | Born | Ruled | Died |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nasiri Dynasty | ||||
Ala ud-Daula | Murshid Quli Jafar Khan | 1665 | 1717– 1727 | 30 June 1727 |
Mirza Asadullah | Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur | ? | 1727–1727 | April 1740 |
Shuja ud-Daula | Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan | 1670 | July 1727 – 26 August 1739 | 26 August 1739 |
Mirza Asadullah | Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur | ? | 13 March 1739 – April 1740 | April 1740 |
Afshar Dynasty | ||||
Husam ud-Daula | Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur | 10 May 1671 | 29 April 1740 – 16 April 1756 | 16 April 1756 |
Siraj ud-Daulah | Mîrzâ Muhammad Sirâj-ud-Daulah | 1733 | April 1756 – 2 June 1757 | June 1757 |
Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1838 CE)
After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British East India Company gained much power. The Nawabs became rulers under the Company's influence.
Title | Name | Born | Ruled | Died |
---|---|---|---|---|
Najafi Dynasty | ||||
Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur | Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan | 1691 | June 1757 – October 1760 | 17 January 1765 |
Itimad ud-Daulah | Mir Kasim Ali Khan Bahadur | ? | 1760–1763 | 1777 |
Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur | Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan | 1691 | 25 July 1763 – 17 January 1765 | 17 January 1765 |
Nazam-ud-Daulah | Najimuddin Ali Khan | 1750 | 5 February 1765 – 8 May 1766 | 8 May 1766 |
Saif ud-Daulah | Najabut Ali Khan | 1749 | 22 May 1766 – 10 March 1770 | 10 March 1770 |
Ashraf Ali Khan | Before 1759 | 10 March 1770 – 24 March 1770 | 24 March 1770 | |
Mubarak ud-Daulah | Mubarak Ali Khan | 1759 | 21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793 | 6 September 1793 |
Azud ud-Daulah | Babar Ali Khan Bahadur | ? | 1793 – 28 April 1810 | 28 April 1810 |
Ali Jah | Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan | ? | 5 June 1810 – 6 August 1821 | 6 August 1821 |
Walla Jah | Ahmad Ali Khan | ? | 1810 – 30 October 1824 | 30 October 1824 |
Humayun Jah | Mubarak Ali Khan II | 29 September 1810 | 1824 – 3 October 1838 | 3 October 1838 |
Feradun Jah | Mansur Ali Khan | 29 October 1830 | 29 October 1838 –1881 (abdicated) | 5 November 1884 |
Nawabs of Murshidabad
These Nawabs held a ceremonial role in Murshidabad after the British took full control.
Title | Name | Born | Reign | Died |
---|---|---|---|---|
Najafi Dynasty | ||||
Ali Kadir | Syed Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | 25 August 1846 | 17 February 1882 – 25 December 1906 | 25 December 1906 |
Amir ul-Omrah | Syed Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | 7 January 1875 | December 1906 – 23 October 1959 | 23 October 1959 |
Raes ud-Daulah | Syed Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | 14 November 1901 | 23 October 1959 – 20 November 1969 | 20 November 1969 |
N/A | Disputed/In abeyance | N/A | 20 November 1969 – 13 August 2014 | N/A |
N/A | Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | Circa 1942 | 13 August 2014 – Incumbent (titular) | N/A |
East India Company Governors in Bengal
Governors of British East India Company (1757–1793)
The British East India Company started appointing governors in Bengal after gaining control. In 1765, they got the right to collect taxes (Diwani right).
Some governors were:
- Robert Clive
- Henry Vansittart
- Robert Clive (again)
- Harry Verelst
- John Cartier
- Warren Hastings (later became Governor-General)
Governors-General of British East India Company (1773–1793)
The Regulating Act of 1773 changed the title to Governor-General of Fort William. In 1793, the Company took full control of Bengal.
Some Governors-General were:
Governors-General of British East India Company (1793–1854)
The Governor-General of Bengal became the Governor-General of India in 1833.
Some Governors-General were:
- Sir John Shore
- Richard Wellesley
- Charles Cornwallis
- Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet
- Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto
- Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings
- John Adam
- William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst
- William Butterworth Bayley
- Lord William Bentinck
Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858)
These leaders were called Governor-General of India, as Bengal was part of their larger rule.
Some Governors-Generals were:
- Lord William Bentinck
- Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe
- George Eden
- Edward Law
- William Bird
- Henry Hardinge
- James Broun-Ramsay
- The Viscount Canning
British Raj Era
With the establishment of the Empire of India in 1858, the position of Governor-General was replaced with Governor-General and Viceroy of India. Calcutta, the capital of Bengal also became the capital of India. As a result, the position of Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal was established to look after provincial matters.
Lieutenant-Governors (1858–1912)
These officials oversaw Bengal's provincial matters.
Some Lieutenant-Governors were:
- Frederick James Halliday
- John Grant
- Sir Cecil Beadon
- Sir William Grey
- George Campbell
- Sir Richard Temple
- Sir Ashley Eden
- Steuart Bayley
- Sir Augustus Thompson
- Horace Cockerell
- Sir Steuart Bayley
- Charles Eliott
- Anthony MacDonnell
- Alexander Mackenzie
- Charles Cecil Stevens
- Sir John Woodburn
- James Bourdillon
- Sir Andrew Fraser
- Lancelot Hare
- Francis Slacke
- Sir Edward Baker
- Sir William Duke
Governors (1912–1947)
In late 1911, the Indian Government decided to move the capital to New Delhi. As a result, the Governorship of Bengal Presidency was now necessary.
Name | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|
Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael | 1912 | 1917 |
Lawrence Dundas, Earl of Ronaldshay | 1917 | 1922 |
Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton | 1922 | 1927 |
Sir Stanley Jackson | 1927 | 1932 |
Sir John Anderson | 1932 | 1937 |
Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne | 1937 | 1938 |
Sir John Arthur Herbert | 1939 | 1943 |
Richard Casey | 1944 | 1946 |
Sir Frederick Burrows | 1946 | 1947 |
Prime Minister of Bengal (1937–1947)
The Government of India Act of 1935 gave more power to provinces. This made the position of Chief Minister or Premier of Bengal very important.
No | Name | Term(s) | Party | Governor | Viceroy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq |
1 April 1937 – 1 December 1941 12 December 1941 – 29 March 1943 |
Krishak Praja Party | Sir John Arthur Herbert | The Marquess of Linlithgow |
2 | Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin | 29 April 1943 – 31 March 1945 | Bengal Provincial Muslim League | Sir John Arthur Herbert (−1944) Sir Richard Casey (1944–) |
The Marquess of Linlithgow The Viscount Wavell |
3 | H. S. Suhrawardy | 23 April 1946 – 14 August 1947 | Bengal Provincial Muslim League | Sir Richard Casey (−1946) Sir Frederick Burrows |
The Viscount Wavell Earl Mountbatten |
These three chief ministers later became important leaders in East Pakistan. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became Prime Ministers of Pakistan, while Huq served as Chief Minister and Governor of East Pakistan.
After Independence of India and Pakistan
British rule ended in 1947 when India and Pakistan became independent. Bengal was divided into two parts: West Bengal in India and East Bengal in Pakistan. East Bengal was later renamed East Pakistan in 1955.
Pakistani (East) Bengal (1947–1971)
Governors of East Bengal (1947–1955)
Tenure | Governor of East Bengal |
---|---|
15 August 1947 – 31 March 1950 | Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne |
31 March 1950 – 31 March 1953 | Sir Feroz Khan Noon |
31 March 1953 – 29 May 1954 | Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman |
29 May 1954 – May 1955 | Iskandar Ali Mirza |
May 1955 – June 1955 | Muhammad Shahabuddin (acting) |
June 1955 – 14 October 1955 | Amiruddin Ahmad |
Chief Minister of East Bengal (1947–1955)
Tenure | Chief Minister of East Bengal | Political Party |
---|---|---|
August 1947 – September 1948 | Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin | Muslim League |
September 1948 – April 1954 | Nurul Amin | Muslim League |
April 1954 – 1955 | Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq | United Front |
Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)
East Bengal was renamed East Pakistan in late 1954.
Tenure | Governor of East Pakistan | Political Affiliation |
---|---|---|
14 October 1955 – March 1956 | Amiruddin Ahmad | Muslim League |
March 1956 – 13 April 1958 | A. K. Fazlul Huq | Muslim League |
13 April 1958 – 3 May 1958 | Hamid Ali (acting) | Awami League |
3 May 1958 – 10 October 1958 | Sultanuddin Ahmad | Awami League |
10 October 1958 – 11 April 1960 | Zakir Husain | Muslim League |
11 April 1960 – 11 May 1962 | Lieutenant-General Azam Khan, PA | Military Administration |
11 May 1962 – 25 October 1962 | Ghulam Faruque | Independent |
25 October 1962 – 23 March 1969 | Abdul Monem Khan | Civil Administration |
23 March 1969 – 25 March 1969 | Mirza Nurul Huda | Civil Administration |
25 March 1969 – 23 August 1969 | Major-General Muzaffaruddin, PA | Military Administration |
23 August 1969 – 1 September 1969 | Lieutenant-General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA | Military Administration |
1 September 1969 – 7 March 1971 | Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan, PN | Military Administration |
7 March 1971 – 6 April 1971 | Lieutenant-General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA | Military Administration |
6 April 1971 – 31 August 1971 | Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan, PA | Military Administration |
31 August 1971 – 14 December 1971 | Abdul Motaleb Malik | Independent |
14 December 1971 – 16 December 1971 | Lieutenant-General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi, PA | Military Administration |
Chief Minister of East Pakistan (1955–1971)
Tenure | Chief Minister of East Pakistan | Political Party |
---|---|---|
August 1955 – September 1956 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
September 1956 – March 1958 | Ataur Rahman Khan | Awami League |
March 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
March 1958 – 18 June 1958 | Ataur Rahman Khan | Awami League |
18 June 1958 – 22 June 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
22 June 1958 – 25 August 1958 | Governor's Rule | |
25 August 1958 – 7 October 1958 | Ataur Rahman Khan | Awami League |
The role of Chief Minister of East Pakistan was ended on October 7, 1958. East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh on December 16, 1971.
Indian (West) Bengal (1947–present)
Governors of West Bengal
Sl. No. | Name | Took office | Left office |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari | 15 August 1947 | 21 June 1948 |
2 | Kailash Nath Katju | 21 June 1948 | 1 November 1951 |
3 | Harendra Coomar Mookerjee | 1 November 1951 | 8 August 1956 |
- | Phani Bhusan Chakravartti (acting) | 8 August 1956 | 3 November 1956 |
4 | Padmaja Naidu | 3 November 1956 | 1 June 1967 |
5 | Dharma Vira | 1 June 1967 | 1 April 1969 |
- | Deep Narayan Sinha (acting) | 1 April 1969 | 19 September 1969 |
6 | Shanti Swaroop Dhavan | 19 September 1969 | 21 August 1971 |
7 | Anthony Lancelot Dias | 21 August 1971 | 6 November 1979 |
8 | Tribhuvana Narayana Singh | 6 November 1979 | 12 September 1981 |
9 | Bhairab Dutt Pande | 12 September 1981 | 10 October 1983 |
10 | Anant Prasad Sharma | 10 October 1983 | 16 August 1984 |
- | Satish Chandra (acting) | 16 August 1984 | 1 October 1984 |
11 | Uma Shankar Dikshit | 1 October 1984 | 12 August 1986 |
12 | Saiyid Nurul Hasan | 12 August 1986 | 20 March 1989 |
13 | T. V. Rajeswar | 20 March 1989 | 7 February 1990 |
(12) | Saiyid Nurul Hasan | 7 February 1990 | 12 July 1993 |
- | B. Satyanarayan Reddy (additional charge) | 13 July 1993 | 14 August 1993 |
14 | K. V. Raghunatha Reddy | 14 August 1993 | 27 April 1998 |
15 | Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai | 27 April 1998 | 18 May 1999 |
16 | Shyamal Kumar Sen | 18 May 1999 | 4 December 1999 |
17 | Viren J. Shah | 4 December 1999 | 14 December 2004 |
18 | Gopalkrishna Gandhi | 14 December 2004 | 14 December 2009 |
- | Devanand Konwar (additional charge) | 14 December 2009 | 23 January 2010 |
19 | M.K. Narayanan | 24 January 2010 | 30 June 2014 |
- | D. Y. Patil (additional charge) | 3 July 2014 | 17 July 2014 |
20 | Keshari Nath Tripathi | 24 July 2014 | 29 July 2019 |
21 | Jagdeep Dhankhar | 30 July 2019 | 17 July 2022 |
- | La. Ganesan (additional charge) | 18 July 2022 | 22 November 2022 |
22 | C. V. Ananda Bose | 23 November 2022 | Incumbent |
Chief Ministers of West Bengal
Key: | INC Indian National Congress |
BC (UF) Bangla Congress (United Front) |
CPI(M) Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
AITC All India Trinamool Congress |
---|
# | Name | Took Office | Left Office | Political Party |
1 | Prafulla Chandra Ghosh | 15 August 1947 | 14 January 1948 | INC |
2 | Bidhan Chandra Roy | 14 January 1948 | 1 July 1962 | INC |
President's rule | 1 July 1962 | 8 July 1962 | ||
3 | Prafulla Chandra Sen | 8 July 1962 | 15 March 1967 | INC |
4 | Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee | 15 March 1967 | 2 November 1967 | BC (UF) |
(1) | Prafulla Chandra Ghosh | 2 November 1967 | 20 February 1968 | Independent (Progressive Democratic Alliance) |
President's rule | 20 February 1968 | 25 February 1969 | ||
(4) | Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee | 25 February 1969 | 19 March 1970 | BC (UF) |
President's rule | 19 March 1970 | 2 April 1971 | ||
(4) | Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee | 2 April 1971 | 28 June 1971 | INC |
President's rule | 28 June 1971 | 19 March 1972 | ||
5 | Siddhartha Shankar Ray | 19 March 1972 | 21 June 1977 | INC |
6 | Jyoti Basu | 21 June 1977 | 6 November 2000 | CPI(M) (Left Front) |
7 | Buddhadeb Bhattacharya | 6 November 2000 | 13 May 2011 | CPI(M) (Left Front) |
8 | Mamata Banerjee | 20 May 2011 | Incumbent | AITC |
After Independence of Bangladesh
East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh on December 16, 1971, after the Bangladesh Liberation War.
In Bangladesh, the President was the main leader from 1975 to 1991. After that, the Prime Minister became the main leader, and the President's role became more ceremonial.
Key
- Political parties
- Bangladesh Awami League / BAKSAL
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party
- Jatiya Party
- Other factions
- Military
- Independent
- Status
- Acting President
Presidents of Bangladesh
N | # | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975) |
— | 17 April 1971 | 12 January 1972 | Bangladesh Awami League | ||
Syed Nazrul Islam (1925–1975) |
— | 17 April 1971 | 12 January 1972 | Bangladesh Awami League | ||
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury (1921–1987) |
— | 12 January 1972 | 24 December 1973 | Bangladesh Awami League | ||
Mohammad Mohammadullah (1921–1999) |
— | 24 December 1973 | 27 January 1974 | Bangladesh Awami League | ||
1974 | 27 January 1974 | 25 January 1975 | ||||
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920–1975) |
— | 25 January 1975 | 15 August 1975 (assassinated in a coup d'état.) |
BAKSAL | ||
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (1918–1996) |
— | 15 August 1975 | 6 November 1975 (deposed.) |
Bangladesh Awami League | ||
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem (1916–1997) |
— | 6 November 1975 | 21 April 1977 | Bangladesh Awami League | ||
Ziaur Rahman (1936–1981) |
1977 1978 |
21 April 1977 | 30 May 1981 (assassinated.) |
Military / Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
||
Abdus Sattar (1906–1985) |
— | 30 May 1981 | 20 November 1981 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party | ||
1981 | 20 November 1981 | 24 March 1982 (deposed.) |
||||
Hussain Muhammad Ershad
(1930–2019) |
24 March 1982 | 27 March 1982 | Military | |||
Ahsanuddin Chowdhury (1915–2001) |
— | 27 March 1982 | 10 December 1983 | Independent | ||
Hussain Muhammad Ershad (1930–2019) |
1985 1986 |
11 December 1983 | 6 December 1990 | Military / Jatiya Party |
||
Shahabuddin Ahmed {{small|(born 1930 |