Descendants of Queen Victoria facts for kids

Queen Victoria with her nine children, six of their spouses, and 23 grandchildren. This picture is from 1877.

Queen Victoria was the Queen of Britain from 1837 to 1901. Her husband, Prince Albert, was with her from 1840 until he passed away in 1861. Together, they had 9 children, 42 grandchildren, and 87 great-grandchildren. Their family spread across many royal houses in Europe, earning Queen Victoria the nickname "Grandmother of Europe."

Victoria and Albert's Big Family Tree

Victoria and Albert had 22 granddaughters and 20 grandsons. Sadly, four of their grandsons died very young. Two were stillborn (meaning they died before or during birth), and two others passed away shortly after being born.

Their first grandchild was Wilhelm II, who later became the German Emperor. He was born on January 27, 1859, to their oldest child, Princess Victoria. The youngest grandchild was Prince Maurice of Battenberg, born on October 3, 1891. He was the son of Princess Beatrice, who was Victoria and Albert's last child. The last of their grandchildren to pass away was Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, who lived until 1981.

It's interesting that two pairs of their grandchildren married each other:

• In 1888, Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine, whose mother was Queen Victoria's daughter Alice, married Prince Henry of Prussia. Prince Henry was the son of Victoria's daughter Victoria.
• Another of Alice's children, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, married Princess Victoria Melita in 1894. Victoria Melita was the daughter of Alice's brother Alfred. However, they divorced in 1901.

From left to right: Alice, Arthur, Albert the Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), Leopold (in front of the Prince of Wales), Louise, the Queen with Beatrice, Alfred, Victoria the Princess Royal and Helena (1857).

Prince Albert only lived long enough to see one of his children marry (Victoria, the Princess Royal) and two grandchildren born (Wilhelm II and his sister Princess Charlotte of Prussia). Queen Victoria, however, lived to see all her grandchildren and many of her 87 great-grandchildren.

Victoria, the Princess Royal, was the first child of Victoria and Albert. She was born on November 21, 1840, and was known as "Vicky." She was the mother of their first grandchild, Wilhelm II. Vicky was also the first of Victoria and Albert's children to become a grandparent when Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen was born in 1879. Princess Feodora was the daughter of Princess Charlotte, Queen Victoria's first granddaughter.

Many of Queen Victoria's great-grandchildren became kings and queens in Europe. These included British Kings Edward VIII and George VI, Norwegian King Olav V, Romanian King Carol II, and Greek Kings George II, Alexander, and Paul.

Queen Victoria passed away in January 1901. Before her, three of her children had already died: Princess Alice in 1878, Prince Leopold in 1884, and Prince Alfred in 1900. Her eldest child, the Princess Royal, died shortly after her in August 1901. Besides the four boys who died as babies, Queen Victoria also outlived seven of her grandchildren:

• Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1864–1866) died from meningitis.
• Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine (1870–1873) had haemophilia, a condition where blood doesn't clot properly. He fell from a window and bled to death.
• Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878) died from diphtheria.
• Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1868–1879) also died from diphtheria.
• Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864–1892) died from influenza.
• Prince Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1874–1899).
• Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (1867–1900) died from malaria while serving in the army in South Africa during the Boer War.

Victoria, Albert and their Children

Victoria and Albert were actually cousins! They shared the same grandparents, Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf. These grandparents were the parents of Albert's father, Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Victoria's mother, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Queen Victoria became Queen on June 20, 1837. She married Prince Albert on February 10, 1840, at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace in London.

The Marriage of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, later Empress of India	24 May 1819 Kensington Palace, London	22 January 1901 Osborne House, Isle of Wight	Married 10 February 1840 at St James's Palace, Westminster (London) 4 sons, 5 daughters including British King Edward VII German Empress Victoria 20 grandsons (of whom 2 were still-born), 22 granddaughters including British King George V German Emperor Wilhelm II Russian Empress Alexandra Swedish Crown Princess Margaret Queen Maud of Norway, Queen Sophia of Greece Queen Marie of Romania and Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain
	Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha later Prince Consort	26 August 1819 Rosenau Castle, Coburg (Germany)	14 December 1861 Windsor Castle, Berkshire

Children of Victoria and Albert

Queen Victoria sometimes had difficult relationships with her children. She found it hard to connect with them when they were young, possibly because she had a lonely childhood herself. She also sometimes felt they took away time she wanted to spend with Albert. Both Victoria and Albert had favorite children. Vicky and Alfred were Albert's favorites, while Arthur was loved by both parents.

After Albert died, Victoria became very close to Vicky and shared many secrets with her. Vicky kept hundreds of letters from her mother.

Victoria had the most trouble with her oldest son, Albert Edward, and her youngest, Leopold. Among her daughters, Victoria often argued with Louise. She also had a tricky relationship with her second-oldest daughter, Alice. Even though the Queen praised Alice's kindness, she also thought Alice was too sad and focused on herself. After her husband died, Victoria expected Beatrice, who was only 4, to stay home with her. She only allowed Beatrice to marry if she and her husband promised to live in England.

Portrait of Queen Victoria's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
(from left to right:) Princes Alfred and Albert Edward; The Queen and the Prince Consort; Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria

	Name	Birth	Death	Spouse (dates of birth & death) and children
	The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal	184021 November 1840	19015 August 1901	Married 1858 (January 25th), Prince Frederick William of Prussia (1831–1888), later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia 4 sons, 4 daughters (including German Emperor William II and Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes)
	The Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later Edward VII	18419 November 1841	19106 May 1910	Married 1863 (March 10th), Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925); 3 sons, 3 daughters (including George V and Maud, Queen of Norway)
	The Princess Alice	184325 April 1843	187814 December 1878	Married 1862 (July 1st), Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837–1892); 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of All the Russias)
	The Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet	18446 August 1844	190031 July 1900	Married 1874 (January 28th), Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920); 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania)
	The Princess Helena	184625 May 1846	19239 June 1923	Married 1866 (July 5th), Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1831–1917); 4 sons (1 still-born), 2 daughters
	The Princess Louise	184818 March 1848	19393 December 1939	Married 1871 (March 21st), John Campbell (1845–1914), Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll and Governor-General of Canada (1878–1883); no issue
	The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn; Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada (1911–1916)	18501 May 1850	194216 January 1942	Married 1879 (March 13th), Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917); 1 son, 2 daughters (including Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden)
	The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany	18537 April 1853	188428 March 1884	Married 1882 (April 27th), Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922); 1 son, 1 daughter
	The Princess Beatrice	185714 April 1857	1944 26 October 1944	Married 1885 (July 23rd), Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896); 3 sons, 1 daughter (including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)

Children and Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert

Victoria, Princess Royal

The oldest child of Victoria and Albert was Princess Victoria, known as "Vicky" (1840–1901). In 1858, she married Prince Frederick William of Prussia (1831–1888). He later became the German Emperor for a short time in 1888. They had eight children and twenty-three grandchildren.

Princess Victoria was not only Queen Victoria and Prince Albert's first child, but she also gave them their first grandchild, Wilhelm II, who was born in 1859. She was also the grandmother of their first great-grandchild, Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, born in 1879.

Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → German Emperor William II → Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia → Princess Frederica of Hanover (Queen of the Hellenes) → King Constantine II

Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → Princess Sophie of Prussia → King Paul → King Constantine II

Queen Victoria → Princess Victoria → Princess Sophie of Prussia → Helen, Queen of Romania → King Michael I

The Marriage of Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Victoria, Princess Royal	21 November 1840 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	5 August 1901 Schloss Friedrichshof, Kronberg im Taunus, Grand Duchy of Hesse, (Germany)	Married 25 January 1858 in St James's Palace, Westminster (London). 4 sons, 4 daughters (including German Emperor William II and Sophia, Queen of the Hellenes); 18 grandsons, 5 granddaughters (including Kings George II, Alexander and Paul of Greece and Queen Helen of Romania) ¶ Crown Prince Frederick William became Emperor on March 9, 1888, but died in June of the same year.
	Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia, later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia	18 October 1831 New Palace, Potsdam, Prussia, (Germany)	15 June 1888 New Palace, Potsdam, Prussia, (Germany)

Children of the Princess Royal and Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia

The picture below shows the Princess Royal with her husband Frederick William and with Victoria and Albert's first two grandchildren: the future Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859–1941) and Princess Charlotte (1860–1919). These were the only grandchildren born while Prince Albert was alive.

Portrait of Crown Princess Victoria's family in 1862 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter
From left to right: Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Crown Prince Frederick William and the Princess Royal with Princess Charlotte of Prussia

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Crown Prince Wilhelm, later Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia	27 January 1859 Berlin, Prussia	3 June 1941 Doorn, Netherlands	Reigned from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918 (abdicated)
				Married (1) 1881, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (1858–1921) with issue (6 sons, 1 daughter): Crown Prince Wilhelm (1882–1951), Prince Eitel Friedrich (1883–1942), Prince Adalbert (1884–1948), Prince August Wilhelm (1887–1949), Prince Oskar (1888–1958), Prince Joachim (1890–1920) and Princess Victoria Louise (1892–1980)
				Married (2) 1922 Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz (1887–1947), no issue.
	Princess Charlotte of Prussia	24 July 1860 Potsdam, Prussia	19 October 1919 Baden-Baden, German Republic	Married 1878 Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, (1851–1928), later Duke Bernhard III (1914–1918), with issue (1 daughter): Princess Feodora (12 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), — Queen Victoria's first great-grandchild. Modern medical tests revealed that both Charlotte and her daughter suffered from porphyria, a genetic condition.
	Prince Henry of Prussia	14 August 1862 Potsdam, Prussia	20 April 1929 Hemmelmark, German Republic	Married 1888 Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (1866–1953), daughter of his aunt Princess Alice (see below) and had issue (3 sons): Prince Waldemar (1889–1945), Prince Sigismund (1896–1978) and Prince Heinrich (1900–1904).
	Prince Sigismund of Prussia	15 September 1864 Potsdam, Prussia	18 June 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	Died young from meningitis.
	Princess Viktoria of Prussia	12 April 1866 Potsdam, Prussia	13 November 1929 Bonn, German Republic	Married (1) 1890 Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (1859–1917), no issue
				Married (2) 1927 Alexander Zoubkoff, no issue.
	Prince Waldemar of Prussia	10 February 1868 Berlin, Prussia	27 March 1879 Potsdam, Prussia	Died young from diphtheria.
	Princess Sophie of Prussia, later Queen of the Hellenes [Greeks]	14 June 1870 Berlin, Prussia	13 January 1932 Frankfurt- am-Main, German Republic	Married 1889 King Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923) and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters): Crown Prince George (1890–1947), (see below) later King George II, Prince Alexander (1893–1920), later King Alexander I and    father of Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark,    later Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia Princess Helen (1896–1982), (see below) later Queen of Romania and    mother of King Michael I of Romania, Prince Paul (1901–1964), later King Paul I and father of    King Constantine II of Greece and Queen Sofía of Spain Princess Irene (1904–1974), and Princess Katherine (Lady Katherine Brandram) (1913–2007).
	Princess Margaret of Prussia	22 April 1872 Potsdam, Prussia	22 January 1954 Kronberg, West Germany	Married 1893 Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (1868–1940), later elected King of Finland (October–December 1918), and had issue (6 sons): Prince Friedrich Wilhelm (1893–1916), Prince Maximilian (1894–1914), Prince Philipp (1896–1980) and Prince Wolfgang (1896–1989) (twins), Prince Christoph (1901–1943) and Prince Richard (1901–1969) (twins).

Edward VII

Prince Albert Edward (1841–1910), who was the Prince of Wales, married Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925) on March 10, 1863. She later became Queen Alexandra. They had 3 sons (one died very young) and 3 daughters. Prince Albert Edward became King Edward VII and Emperor of India when his mother, Queen Victoria, died in 1901.

Edward and Alexandra's son, King George V, reigned from 1910 to 1936. He was the father of Kings Edward VIII and George VI. This means that Queen Elizabeth II was a great-granddaughter of Edward VII and a great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria.

Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → King George V → King George VI → Queen Elizabeth II → King Charles III

Edward and Alexandra's daughter, Princess Maud of Wales, became Queen of Norway. This happened when her husband, Prince Carl of Denmark, became King Haakon VII in 1905. Their son, King Olav V, was Edward's grandson. Olav's children, King Harald V, Princess Ragnhild, and Princess Astrid, are great-grandchildren of Edward VII and great-great-grandchildren of Victoria and Albert.

Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → Princess Maud of Wales (Queen of Norway) → King Olav V → King Harald V

The Marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales, and Princess Alexandra of Denmark
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII and Emperor of India	9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	6 May 1910 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	Married 10 March 1863 in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway); 7 grandsons, 3 granddaughters (including British Kings Edward VIII & George VI, and Norwegian King Olav V) ¶ Edward became King when his mother Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901.
	Princess Alexandra of Denmark	1 December 1844 Yellow Palace, near Amalienborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark	20 November 1925 Sandringham House, Norfolk, England

Children of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra

Photograph of the Prince of Wales's family in 1885
From left to right: Prince George, the Princess and Prince of Wales and Princess Victoria (back row), Princess Maud, Prince Albert Victor and Princess Louise (front row)

	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale	8 January 1864 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	14 January 1892 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Died of influenza six days after his 28th birthday.
	Prince George, Prince of Wales, later George V, King of the United Kingdom	3 June 1865 Marlborough House, London	20 January 1936 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Reigned from 1910 to 1936; married 1893 Princess Mary of Teck, and had issue (5 sons, 1 daughter): Edward, Prince of Wales (1894–1972) — later King Edward VIII (1936) — later Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, Prince Albert, Duke of York (1895–1952) — later King George VI (1936–1952) and     father of Elizabeth II (1926–2022; reigned 1952–2022), Mary, Princess Royal (1897–1965), Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900–1974), Prince George, Duke of Kent    (1902–1942, killed on active duty). and Prince John (1905–1919).
	Princess Louise, Princess Royal	20 February 1867 Marlborough House, London	4 January 1931 Portman Square, London	Married 1889 Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (1849–1912) and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters): Alastair Duff, Earl of Macduff (stillborn, 1890), Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959) (see below) and Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk (1893–1945).
	Princess Victoria	6 July 1868 Marlborough House, London	3 December 1935 Coppins, Buckinghamshire	Died unmarried.
	Princess Maud of Wales later Queen of Norway	26 November 1869 Marlborough House, London	20 November 1938 London	Married 1896 Prince Carl of Denmark (1872–1957), — later King Haakon VII of Norway (1905–1957) and had issue (1 son): Prince Alexander (1903–1991), — later Crown Prince and King Olav V of Norway (1957–1991) father of King Harald V of Norway.
	Prince Alexander John of Wales	6 April 1871 Sandringham House, Norfolk	7 April 1871 Sandringham House, Norfolk	Born too early and died just one day later.

Princess Alice

Princess Alice (1843–1878) married Prince Louis of Hesse (1837–1892) in 1862. He later became Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse. They had two sons and five daughters. Sadly, one son, "Frittie," had haemophilia and died after falling from a window. One daughter died from diphtheria. They had 15 grandchildren, two of whom died young.

Alice and Louis's daughter, Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, married Prince Louis of Battenberg. Their daughter, Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885–1969), became Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark when she married Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark. Princess Alice was the mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II.

Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Victoria of Hesse → Princess Alice of Battenberg → Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Alice and Louis's youngest surviving child, Princess Alix of Hesse, became the last Empress of Russia when she married Nicholas II of Russia in 1894. They had five children: four daughters and one son, Tsarevich Alexei, who had haemophilia. The entire Russian Imperial Family was killed in 1918 during the Bolshevik Revolution.

Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Alix of Hesse (Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia)

The Marriage of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Alice	25 April 1843 Buckingham Palace, London, England	14 December 1878 New Palace, Darmstadt, Hesse (Germany)	Married privately on 1 July 1862 in the dining room of Osborne House, East Cowes (Isle of Wight), England 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of Russia); 9 grandsons (1 stillborn), 7 granddaughters (including Queen Louise of Sweden and Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the last Viceroy of India) ¶ Prince Louis became Grand Duke of Hesse on 13 June 1877.
	Prince Louis of Hesse, later Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine	12 September 1837 Darmstadt, Hesse	13 March 1892

Children of Princess Alice and Louis IV of Hesse

Photograph of Princess Alice's family in 1876
From left to right (standing): Princess Elisabeth, the Grand Duke, Princess Marie, Princess Alix, the Grand Duchess and Princess Victoria. Seated: Prince Ernest and Princess Irene

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine	5 April 1863 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	24 September 1950 Kensington Palace, London, England	Married 1884 Prince Louis of Battenberg (1854–1921), and had issue (2 sons, 2 daughters): Princess Alice (1885–1969),    mother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Princess Louise (1889–1965),    later Louise Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden Prince George (1892–1938), and Prince Louis (1900–1979), later Earl Mountbatten of Burma.
	Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine	1 November 1864 Bessungen, Hesse, Germany	18 July 1918 Alapaevsk, Russia	Married 1884 Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (born 1857; assassinated 1905), No children. Princess Elisabeth was killed by the Bolsheviks.
	Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine	11 July 1866 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	11 November 1953 Hemmelmark, West Germany	Married 1888 Prince Henry of Prussia(1862–1929), son of her aunt Victoria, the British Princess Royal, and had issue (3 sons).
	Ernest Louis, later Grand Duke of Hesse	25 November 1868 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	9 October 1937 Langen, Germany	Became head of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1892.
				Married (1) 1894 Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1876–1936), daughter of his uncle Prince Alfred (see below), and had issue (1 stillborn son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903). ¶ The marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
				Married (2) 1905 Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich (1871–1937) and had issue (2 sons).
	Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine	7 October 1870 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	29 May 1873 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	Suffered from haemophilia and died from bleeding after falling from a window.
	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, later Empress Alexandra of All the Russias	6 June 1872 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	17 July 1918 Ekaterinburg, Russia	Married 1894 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1868–1918), and had issue (1 son, 4 daughters). ¶ The entire family was killed in July 1918 by the Bolsheviks.
	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine	24 May 1874 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	16 November 1878 Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany	Died young from diphtheria.

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Prince Alfred (1844–1900) married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (1853–1920) in 1874. She was the only surviving daughter of Tsar Alexander II. They had 2 sons (one stillborn) and 4 daughters. In 1893, Prince Alfred became a high-ranking officer in the Royal Navy. He also became the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in Germany.

Prince Alfred's daughter, Princess Marie of Edinburgh, became Queen of Romania in 1914.

• Her son King Carol II of Romania was Queen Victoria's great-grandson.
• Her daughter Princess Elisabeth became Queen of Greece.
• Her daughter Princess Maria became Queen of Yugoslavia.

Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → King Carol II → King Michael I Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → Princess Elisabeth of Romania (Queen of the Hellenes) Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → Princess Marie of Romania (Queen of Yugoslavia) → King Peter II

The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Prince Alfred, later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh; Admiral of the Fleet	6 August 1844 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	31 July 1900 Rosenau Castle, Coburg, Germany	Married 23 January 1874 at the Winter Palace, St Petersburg, Russia; 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania) 10 grandsons (of whom 1 stillborn), 9 granddaughters (including King Carol II of Romania, Queen Elisabeth of Greece and Queen Maria of Yugoslavia) ¶ Prince Alfred was made Duke of Edinburgh in 1866, and became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1893.
	Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia	17 October 1853 Tsarskoye Selo, Russia	24 October 1920 Zürich, Switzerland

Children of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Marie

Photograph of the Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Rosenau
From left to right (standing): Princess Beatrice, the Duke, Princess Victoria Melita and Princess Alexandra. Seated: The Duchess, the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Marie.

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Alfred, later Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	15 October 1874 Buckingham Palace, London	6 February 1899 Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium, Gratsch, Merano (Meran), Austria	Alfred suffered from nervous depression.
	Princess Marie of Edinburgh, later Queen of Romania	29 October 1875 Eastwell Park, Kent	18 July 1938 Sinaia, Romania	Married 1893 Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Romania (1865–1927), — later King Ferdinand I (1914–1927), and had issue (3 sons, 3 daughters): Crown Prince Carol (1893–1953), (see above) later King Carol II (1930–40), Princess Elisabeta (1894–1956), (see above) later Queen of Greece, Princess Maria (1900–1961), later Queen of Yugoslavia.
	Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha later Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia	25 November 1876 San Antonio Palace, Malta	2 March 1936 Amorbach, Bavaria, Germany	Married 1894 (1) her cousin, Ernest Louis (1868–1937), Grand Duke of Hesse, and had issue (1 stillborn son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903). ¶ The marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
				Married 1905 (2), her cousin, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia (1876–1938), and had issue (1 son, 2 daughters).
	Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	1 September 1878 Rosenau Castle, Coburg, Germany	16 April 1942 Schwäbisch Hall, Germany	Married 1896 Prince Ernest II of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1863–1950) and had issue (2 sons, 3 daughters).
	Stillborn son	13 October 1879 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	13 October 1879 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	Died at birth.
	Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	20 April 1884 Eastwell Park, Kent, England	13 July 1966 Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain	Married 1909 Prince Alfonso de Orléans y Borbón, Duke of Galliera (1886–1975), and had issue (3 sons).

Princess Helena

Princess Helena (1846–1923) married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831–1917) in 1866. Two sons and two daughters lived to adulthood. Two other sons died shortly after birth. Princess Helena and Prince Christian do not have any living descendants today. In 1917, during World War I, they gave up their German titles.

The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Helena	25 May 1846 Buckingham Palace, London, England	9 June 1923 Schomberg House, London, England	Married 5 July 1866 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire. 4 sons (of whom 2 survived their first month), 2 daughters (including Duke Albert, Princess Helena Victoria, and Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein); 1 natural granddaughter (Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein, Duchess of Arenberg) ¶ Princess Helena and Prince Christian have no surviving descendants today.
	Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein	22 January 1831 Augustenborg, Denmark	28 October 1917 Schomberg House, London, England

Children of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

Photograph of Princess Helena with her two eldest sons
Princess Helena with her two eldest children

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein	14 August 1867 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	29 October 1900 Pretoria, South Africa	Christian Victor died of malaria while serving as a British officer in the Boer War.
	Prince Albert, later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein	28 February 1869 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	13 March 1931 Berlin, Germany	Never married, but had a daughter.
	Princess Helena Victoria, until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	3 May 1870 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire	13 March 1948 Berkeley Square, London, England	Died unmarried.
	Princess Marie Louise, until 1917: Princess of Schleswig-Holstein	12 August 1872 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	8 December 1956 Berkeley Square, London, England	Married 1891 to Prince Aribert of Anhalt (1866–1933); no issue; marriage ended in 1900.
	Prince Harald of Schleswig-Holstein	12 May 1876 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	20 May 1876 Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Berkshire	Died as a baby.
	Stillborn son	7 May 1877	7 May 1877	Died at birth.

Princess Louise

Princess Louise (1848–1939) married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845–1914) in 1871. She was the only one of Victoria's nine children who did not have any children. She was also the first child of a British monarch since 1515 to marry someone who was not of royal blood.

The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Louise	18 March 1848 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	3 December 1939 Kensington Palace, London	Married 21 March 1871, in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle (Berkshire) no issue ¶ The Marquess of Lorne was a member of the British Parliament. From 1878 to 1883, he was the Governor General of Canada, representing Queen Victoria. In 1900, he became the 9th Duke of Argyll.
	John Campbell, M.P., Marquess of Lorne, later Governor General of Canada, later 9th Duke of Argyll	6 August 1845 London	2 May 1914 Cowes, Isle of Wight

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn

Prince Arthur (1850–1942) married Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860–1917) in 1879. They had 2 daughters and 1 son.

In 1911, Prince Arthur became the Governor General of Canada, representing his nephew, King George V. He was the first and only Governor General of Canada to be a royal prince.

Prince Arthur's elder daughter, Princess Margaret of Connaught, became Crown Princess of Sweden in 1907.

• Princess Margaret's grandson, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, is the current King of Sweden.
• Her daughter, Princess Ingrid of Sweden, became Queen of Denmark. She was the mother of the current Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and the former Queen Anne-Marie of Greece.
• Her youngest son, Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (1916–2012), was the last surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten → King Carl XVI Gustaf Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Princess Ingrid of Sweden → Danish Queen Margrethe II & Greek Queen Anne-Marie Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Count Carl Johan Bernadotte

The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Field Marshal, Governor General of Canada	1 May 1850 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	16 January 1942 Bagshot Park, Surrey	Married 13 March 1879 in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire) 1 son, 2 daughters 6 grandsons, 1 granddaughter (including Queen Ingrid of Denmark and Count Carl Johan Bernadotte, the last great-grandchild of Queen Victoria to die) ¶ The Duke of Connaught was made a Field Marshal in 1902 and served as Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916.
	Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia	25 July 1860 Potsdam, Germany	14 March 1917 Clarence House, Westminster (London)

Children of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia

Photograph of the Duke of Connaught's family
From left to right (seated): Prince Arthur, Princess Patricia and the Duchess of Connaught. Standing: Princess Margaret and the Duke of Connaught.

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Margaret of Connaught later Crown Princess of Sweden	15 January 1882 Bagshot Park, Surrey	1 May 1920 Stockholm, Sweden	Married 1905 Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden (1882–1973) — later King Gustav VI (1950–1973) and had issue (4 sons, 1 daughter): Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (1906–1947) — father of King Carl XVI Gustaf, Princess Ingrid (1910–2000), later Queen of Denmark,    mother of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, and    mother of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna (1916–2012), — later Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg and, after 2007, the last surviving great-grandchild of Queen Victoria. ¶ Princess Margaret died suddenly while pregnant with her 6th child.
	Prince Arthur of Connaught, Governor-General of the Union of South Africa (1920–24)	13 January 1883 Windsor Castle, Berkshire	12 September 1938 London, England	Married 1913 Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959), his cousin, having issue (1 son): Prince Alastair (1914–1943). ¶ Prince Arthur became the third Governor General of South Africa in 1920.
	Princess Patricia of Connaught later Lady Patricia Ramsay	17 March 1886 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	12 January 1974 Windlesham, Surrey	Married 1919 the Honourable Alexander Ramsay (1881–1972) and had issue (1 son): Alexander Ramsay of Mar (1919–2000). ¶ Princess Patricia gave up her title of Princess upon her marriage and was known as Lady Patricia Ramsay.

Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany

Prince Leopold (1853–1884) married Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922) in 1882. They had 1 daughter and 1 son. Leopold inherited haemophilia from his mother, Queen Victoria, and was often unwell.

His daughter, Princess Alice of Albany, was the longest-lived British Princess of the Blood Royal and the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria.

Prince Charles Edward, Leopold's son born after his death, became the 2nd Duke of Albany. In 1900, he also became the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in Germany. However, he had to give up his German title in 1918. He is the grandfather of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.

Queen Victoria → Prince Leopold → Prince Charles Edward → Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha → Carl XVI Gustaf

The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont
	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany	7 April 1853 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	28 March 1884 Cannes, France	Married 27 April 1882 in St. George's Chapel of Windsor Castle (Berkshire) 1 son, 1 daughter 5 grandsons, 3 granddaughters
	Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont	17 February 1861 Arolsen, Waldeck (now Hesse, Germany)	1 September 1922 Hinteriss, Tyrol, Austria

Children of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helena

Photograph of the Duke of Albany and his daughter in 1883
The Duke of Albany, with Princess Alice seated on his lap

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Princess Alice of Albany later Countess of Athlone	25 February 1883 Windsor Castle, Berkshire	3 January 1981 Kensington Palace, London	Married 1904 Prince Alexander of Teck (1874–1957), and had issue (2 sons, 1 daughter).
	Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany, later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	19 July 1884 Claremont House, Surrey	6 March 1954 Coburg, Germany	Married 1905 Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein (1885–1970) and had issue (3 sons, 2 daughters): Princess Sibylla (1908–1972), later a Swedish princess and    mother of King Carl XVI Gustaf (acceded 1973). ¶ Last Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1900–1918. Lost his British royal titles in 1919.

Princess Beatrice

Princess Beatrice (1857–1944) married Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896) in 1885. They had 3 sons and 1 daughter, who became Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain. The current King Felipe VI of Spain is a great-great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria through Princess Beatrice.

Queen Victoria → Princess Beatrice → Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (Queen of Spain) → Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona → King Juan Carlos I → King Felipe VI

During World War I, many British royals with German titles changed their names to sound more British. The Battenberg family changed their name to Mountbatten.

Both Prince Henry and his youngest son Prince Maurice died while serving in the military. Prince Henry died from malaria during the Ashanti War, and Prince Maurice was killed in battle during World War I. Prince Maurice was the last-born of Queen Victoria's grandchildren.

The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg
	Name	Birth	Death	Marriage and children
	Princess Beatrice	14 April 1857 Buckingham Palace, Westminster (London)	26 October 1944 Brantridge Park, Sussex	Married 23 July 1885, at St. Mildred's Church, Whippingham (near Osborne House) on the Isle of Wight 3 sons, 1 daughter (Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain) 5 grandsons (one of them stillborn), 3 granddaughters (including Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish heir-apparent from 1933 to 1969)
	Prince Henry of Battenberg	5 October 1858 Milan, Italy	20 January 1896 HMS Blonde, near Sierra Leone (West Africa)

Children of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg

Photograph of Princess Beatrice with her children in 1900
From left to right (standing): Prince Maurice, Beatrice and Prince Leopold. Seated: Princess Victoria Eugenie and Prince Alexander

Picture	Name	Birth	Death	Notes
	Prince Alexander of Battenberg, later Sir Alexander Mountbatten, first Marquess of Carisbrooke	23 November 1886 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	23 February 1960 Kensington Palace, London	In 1917, Prince Alexander became Sir Alexander Mountbatten. He married 1917 Lady Irene Denison (1890–1956) and had issue (1 daughter).
	Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, later Queen of Spain	24 October 1887 Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire Scotland	15 April 1969 Lausanne, Switzerland	Married in 1906 Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886–1931) and had issue (5 sons, 2 daughters).
	Prince Leopold of Battenberg, later Lord Leopold Mountbatten	21 May 1889 Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England	23 April 1922 Kensington Palace, London	He had haemophilia. He died unmarried and without children.
	Prince Maurice of Battenberg	3 October 1891 Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland	27 October 1914 Zonnebeke, Flanders, Belgium	Killed in action during World War I. He was the last grandchild of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.

Images for kids

• Queen Victoria & Royal Family (identification key).jpg

  Identification key for the Queen Victoria & Royal Family image.