Jalandhar facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Jalandhar Jullundar
Metropolis
Devi Talab Mandir St. Mary's Cathedral, Jalandhar Guru Ravidass Dham in Bootan Mandi Jalandhar Cantonment Gandhi Stadium Guru Gobind Singh Stadium Jang-e-Azadi Memorial.
Jalandhar Location in Punjab Show map of Punjab Jalandhar Location in India Show map of India
Country	India
State	Punjab
District	Jalandhar
Named for	In Water
Government
• Type	Democratic
• Body	Political
Area
• Total	1,016 sq mi (2,632 km2)
Area rank	3rd in Punjab
Elevation	748 ft (228 m)
Population  (2011)
• Total	868,929
• Density	2,190/sq mi (847/km2)
Demonym(s)	Jalandhariye
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	144 001
Area code(s)	0181
Vehicle registration	PB08, PB90, PB37 PB67, PB33
Literacy	75.3%
Nearest city	Kapurthala
HDI	0.451 Low
sex ratio	922 females per 1000 male
Language	Punjabi

Jalandhar is a big city in the state of Punjab, India. It is the third largest city in Punjab by population. Jalandhar is also the biggest city in the Doaba region. It is located along the old Grand Trunk Road, which is a very important route. The city is also a major hub for both train and road travel.

Jalandhar is about 148 km (92 mi) northwest of Chandigarh, the capital of Punjab. It is also 83.5 km (51.9 mi) southeast of Amritsar and 61.3 km (38.1 mi) north of Ludhiana. India's capital, Delhi, is about 381 km (237 mi) away. The National Highway 1 (NH1) goes through Jalandhar, making it easy to travel to and from the city.

History of Jalandhar

A Kos Minar near Jalandhar. These old towers were used to mark distances along the Grand Trunk Road.

The history of Jalandhar is very long, going back to ancient times. It includes three main periods: ancient, medieval, and modern.

Ancient Times

The city might be named after Jalandhara, a wise teacher from this area. Some stories say it was founded by Devasya Verma, as mentioned in old Indian texts called the Vedas. Another idea is that it was the capital of Lava, the son of Rama. The name Jalandhar can also mean "area inside the water." This refers to the land between the two rivers, Satluj and Beas.

The Jalandhar area was part of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation. This was a very old civilization, like those found in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Explorations show that Jalandhar's history goes back to the Harappa period. In the Vedic period, Jalandhar was known as Prasthala. It was the capital of the Trigarta Kingdom.

Medieval Times

Around 1070, the Ghaznavids may have taken over Jalandhar and the Doaba region. Later, in 1431, Raja Jasrat conquered the city. Jalandhar then became part of the Lahore province under the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.

The 1700s were a time of big changes in Jalandhar. The Mughal Empire was breaking apart. Different groups like the Persians, Afghans, and Sikhs fought for power. In 1766, the Faizullahpuria Misl captured Jalandhar. Then, in 1811, Maharaja Ranjit Singh made it part of the Sikh Empire.

In 1849, the East India Company took over Punjab. Jalandhar became the main city for its division and district. In 1858, the British government took direct control of India. Jalandhar then became part of the British Raj. In the late 1800s, the British thought Jalandhar was too crowded. So, many people from Jalandhar moved to new farming areas in western Punjab.

Modern Times

In the early 1920s, the Khilafat Movement started in Jalandhar. This movement wanted the government to change its policies towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi supported this movement. Because of this, Jalandhar was declared a 'Proclaimed Area' under a special law. In 1924, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who later became a general and leader of Pakistan, was born in Jalandhar.

Before India was divided in 1947, many different groups lived in Jalandhar. After the partition of India, the population changed a lot.

Geography and Climate

Jalandhar has a humid subtropical climate. This means it has cool winters and long, hot summers. Summers are from April to June, and winters are from November to February.

Temperatures

In summer, temperatures can go up to 48 °C (118 °F) and down to 25 °C (77 °F). In winter, highs are around 19 °C (66 °F) and lows can be as cold as −7 °C (19 °F). The weather is mostly dry, except during the monsoon season in July and August.

Rainfall

The city usually gets about 70 cm of rain each year. But this can change. For example, in 2018, Jalandhar had much more rain than usual. It rained over 20% more than the average that year.

Jalandhar was ranked as the 39th best "National Clean Air City" in India for cities with 3 to 10 lakh people.

People and Languages

Population Details

In 2011, Jalandhar had a population of 868,929 people. There were more males (460,811) than females (408,118). The city's literacy rate was 86.20%. This means most people could read and write. For males, it was 88.81%, and for females, it was 83.26%. About 10.36% of the population were children aged 0-6 years. For every 1000 boys, there were 867 girls in this age group.

Religions in Jalandhar

According to the 2011 census, Hinduism is the main religion in Jalandhar. Sikhism is also followed by a large number of people.

Languages Spoken

Languages spoken in Jalandhar city (2011)      Punjabi (81.48%)     Hindi (15.63%)     Others (2.89%)

In 2011, most people in Jalandhar spoke Punjabi as their first language (81.48%). Hindi was the first language for 15.63% of the population.

Economy and Development

Jalandhar is famous for its sports goods industry. This industry employs between 60,000 and 70,000 people. It is worth about ₹1,700 crore (a crore is 10 million). About ₹400 crore of goods are exported, and ₹1,300 crore are sold in India. In 2022, a group of sports goods makers and exporters started a project. They trained 1,500 women to stitch soccer balls. This helps women earn money and supports the community.

The leather industry is another important part of Jalandhar's economy. It has a turnover of ₹1,200 to ₹1,500 crore. About ₹400 crore of leather products are exported.

Smart City Project

Jalandhar has been chosen for the Indian Government's Smart City Project. This project aims to improve the city with new technologies and better services.

Getting Around Jalandhar

By Air

The closest airport is Adampur Airport, which is northwest of Jalandhar. It has flights to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Jaipur. The main international airport nearby is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar. It is a very busy airport in North India. It has regular flights to other parts of India and international flights to places like London, Birmingham, Dubai, and Singapore.

By Train

Jalandhar Railway Station

Jalandhar has direct train services to many major cities across India. These include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Patna, and Jaipur. Famous trains like the Howrah Mail and the Golden Temple Mail stop here. The New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express also serves Jalandhar. Many trains going to Jammu now go further to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.

By Road

Jalandhar has one of the largest bus networks in Punjab. Buses from Shaheed-e-Azam, Sardar Bhagat Singh ISBT (Jalandhar) connect to many states. You can find buses from Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttrakhand, and Rajasthan. Many private bus companies also operate here.

Places of Worship

Jalandhar has many important religious sites:

• Gurudwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Dham
• Gurdwara Guru Ravidass Dham
• Devi Talab Mandir
• Nakodar Darbar Baba Murad Shah Ji
• Gurdwara Guru Ravidas, Guru Ramdas Nagar
• Dera Sachkand Ballan
• Gurdwara Singh Sabha
• Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur Nagar
• Geeta Mandir Jalandhar

Fun and Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar

View Of WonderLand's Water Park in the Evening

There are several places in Jalandhar where you can have fun:

• Niku Park
• Prithvi's Planet
• Smmash
• Wonder Land

Media and News

Punjab Kesari header with photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.

Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is a TV station in Jalandhar. It is run by Doordarshan, India's public broadcaster. It started in 1979. This station produces and broadcasts DD Punjabi, a 24-hour TV channel in the Punjabi language. It started in 1998 and covers most of Punjab.

Jalandhar is a center for newspapers, TV, and radio stations in the region. Some popular newspapers include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Bhaskar, Hindustan Times, and The Tribune.

All India Radio, which is run by the government, has a local station in Jalandhar. It broadcasts programs for everyone. There are also several FM radio stations:

• Radio City 91.9 MHz
• BIG FM 92.7 92.7 MHz
• My Fm 94.3 MHz
• Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz
• All India Radio 102.7 MHz

Healthcare in Jalandhar

The Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar says the city has over 800 hospitals. This might make it the city with the most hospitals per person in Asia. Three new Health Centres were opened in Jalandhar on September 9, 2020.

Sports in Jalandhar

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in Jalandhar. There is an international-standard stadium called Gandhi Stadium. It used to be known as Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team here on September 24, 1983.

Kabaddi

Big Kabaddi matches are often held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a stadium in Jalandhar used for many sports. It is often used for football matches. It was once the home stadium for JCT Mills FC. People often go there to jog, play soccer, or lift weights. The Punjab government is working on new projects at this stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar. It is named after Surjit Singh, an Olympian from Jalandhar. This stadium is the home ground for the Sher-e-Punjab team in the World Series Hockey.

Sports College

Jalandhar has a Government Sports College. It is a key place for many National Sports Councils. In this college, students can play many sports like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball, and basketball.

Education in Jalandhar

Jalandhar has many colleges and universities for higher education:

Universities and Colleges

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

• D.A.V. College, Jalandhar
• DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology
• DAV University
• Doaba College
• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar
• GNA University
• Guru Nanak Dev University
• I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University
• Lovely Professional University
• Kanya Maha Vidyalaya
• Lyallpur Khalsa College for Women
• Lyallpur Khalsa College
• Mata Gujri Institute of Nursing
• Mehr Chand Polytechnic College
• Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences

Schools

• St. Joseph's Boys' School, Jalandhar, Defence Colony

Jalandhar Cantonment

Jalandhar Cantonment is a military area located in Jalandhar.

Famous People from Jalandhar

• 

  Jahangir Khan – Cricketer and javelin thrower

• 

  Ahmed Raza – Civil servant and cricketer

• 

  Wajid Ali Khan Burki – Pakistani eye doctor and Army general

• 

  Jamshed Burki – Army Captain and Interior Secretary of Pakistan

• 

  I. K. Gujral – 12th Prime Minister of India

• 

  Zia-Ul-Haq – 6th President of Pakistan

• 

  Khalid Mahmud Arif – Vice Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan)

• 

  Diljit Dosanjh

• 

  Sugandha Mishra

• 

  Amrish Puri

• 

  Harbhajan Singh

• 

  Rannvijay Singh

• 

  Dharam Singh Uppal

See also

In Spanish: Jalandhar para niños