List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Boroughs and census areas of Alaska |
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Location | State of Alaska |
Number | 19 organized boroughs 11 census areas |
Populations | (Organized boroughs): 687 (Yakutat) – 286,075 (Anchorage) (Census areas): 2,262 (Hoonah-Angoon) – 18,224 (Bethel) |
Areas | (Organized boroughs): 434 square miles (1,120 km2) (Skagway) – 88,824 square miles (230,050 km2) (North Slope) (Census areas): 4,393 square miles (11,380 km2) (Aleutians West) – 145,576 square miles (377,040 km2) (Yukon-Koyukuk) |
Government | Borough government |
Subdivisions | Communities, consolidated city-borough |
The U.S. state of Alaska is divided into 19 organized boroughs and 1 unorganized borough. Alaska and the state of Louisiana are the only states that do not call their first-order administrative subdivisions counties (Louisiana uses parishes instead). Delegates to the Alaska Constitutional Convention wanted to avoid the traditional county system and adopted their own unique model with different classes of boroughs varying in powers and duties.
Many of the most densely populated regions of the state are part of Alaska's boroughs, which function similarly to counties in other states. There are four different classifications of organized boroughs: "Unified Home Rule" or "Non-unified Home Rule" (may exercise all legislative powers not prohibited by law or charter); "First Class" (may exercise any power not prohibited by law on a non-area wide basis by adopting ordinances); and "Second Class" (must gain voter approval for authority to exercise many non-area wide powers).
However, unlike county-equivalents in the other 49 states, the organized boroughs do not cover the entire land area of the state. The area not part of any organized borough is referred to as the Unorganized Borough. The U.S. Census Bureau, in cooperation with the state, divides the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas, each roughly corresponding to an election district, thus totaling 30 county equivalents. However, these areas exist solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation; they have no government of their own. Boroughs and census areas are both treated as county-level equivalents by the Census Bureau.
Some areas in the Unorganized Borough receive limited public services directly from the Alaska state government, usually law enforcement from the Alaska State Troopers and educational funding.
Seven consolidated city-borough governments exist—Juneau City and Borough, Skagway Municipality, Sitka City and Borough, Yakutat City and Borough, Wrangell City and Borough, Haines Borough, as well as the state's largest city, Anchorage. Though its legal name is the Municipality of Anchorage, it is considered a consolidated city-borough under state law.
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 55-2,3,4 codes, which are used by the United States Census Bureau to uniquely identify states and counties, is provided with each entry. Alaska's code is 02, so each code is of the format 02XXX. The FIPS code for each county equivalent links to census data for that county equivalent. There are 30 divisions in Alaska.
List of boroughs
Borough |
FIPS code | Borough seat | Class |
Est. | Origin | Etymology | Density |
Population | Area | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleutians East Borough | 013 | Sand Point | Second | 1987 | - | Its location in the east Aleutian Islands, which are themselves of uncertain linguistic origin; possibly derived from Chukchi word aliat ("island") | 0.50 | 3,461 | ( 18,091 km2) |
6,985 sq mi|
Anchorage | 020 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
Unified Home Rule | 1964/1975 | Anchorage Borough formed in 1964, merged with city in 1975 to form unified city-borough | Derived from the presence of a safe place to anchor and unload supplies for construction of the Alaska Railroad c. 1913, thereby creating a community. | 167.59 | 286,075 | ( 4,421 km2) |
1,707 sq mi|
Bristol Bay Borough | 060 | Naknek | Second | 1962 | - | Named in 1778 by Capt. James Cook for George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol. | 1.75 | 844 | ( 1,248 km2) |
482 sq mi|
Denali Borough | 068 | Healy | Home Rule | 1990 | - | From Denali, the tallest North American mountain, which means "great one" in the Dena'ina language | 0.13 | 1,584 | ( 32,740 km2) |
12,641 sq mi|
Fairbanks North Star Borough | 090 | Fairbanks | Second | 1964 | - | Named for its borough seat of Fairbanks, named in turn for Charles Fairbanks (1852–1918), U.S. Senator from Indiana and vice president under Theodore Roosevelt, and for Polaris, the North Star | 12.93 | 94,840 | ( 18,998 km2) |
7,335 sq mi|
Haines Borough | 100 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
Home Rule | 1968 (Consolidated 2002) |
- | After Haines, which was itself named for Mrs. Francina E. Haines (1819–1870), the key fundraiser for the construction of a Presbyterian mission in the town. | 0.88 | 2,070 | ( 6,068 km2) |
2,343 sq mi|
Juneau | 110 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
Unified Home Rule | 1970 | The cities of Juneau and Douglas merged with the surrounding borough to form the municipality | Joseph "Joe" Juneau (1836-1899), prospector and co-founder of the city. | 11.67 | 31,555 | ( 7,003 km2) |
2,704 sq mi|
Kenai Peninsula Borough | 122 | Soldotna | Second | 1964 | - | The Kenai Peninsula, whose name may be derived from Kenayskaya, the Russian name for Cook Inlet. | 3.82 | 61,223 | ( 41,484 km2) |
16,017 sq mi|
Ketchikan Gateway Borough | 130 | Ketchikan | Second | 1963 | - | The borough seat of Ketchikan and the borough's gateway location on the Alaska-Canada border. | 2.83 | 13,738 | ( 12,580 km2) |
4,857 sq mi|
Kodiak Island Borough | 150 | Kodiak | Second | 1963 | - | Named after Kodiak Island, which may itself be named for the Koniag people | 1.88 | 12,565 | ( 17,324 km2) |
6,689 sq mi|
Lake and Peninsula Borough | 164 | King Salmon | Home Rule | 1989 | - | The borough's many large lakes, and the Alaska Peninsula | 0.06 | 1,331 | ( 61,725 km2) |
23,832 sq mi|
Matanuska-Susitna Borough | 170 | Palmer | Second | 1964 | - | Named for the valley that the Matanuska and Susitna Rivers form. | 4.66 | 115,239 | ( 63,991 km2) |
24,707 sq mi|
North Slope Borough | 185 | Utqiaġvik | Home Rule | 1972 | - | The Alaska North Slope along the Brooks Range. | 0.12 | 10,603 | ( 230,053 km2) |
88,824 sq mi|
Northwest Arctic Borough | 188 | Kotzebue | Home Rule | 1986 | In 1986, residents of Kotzebue and 10 other area villages voted to form the Northwest Arctic Borough (with boundaries coincident with those of NANA), to be economically based on taxing the Red Dog mine, then under development. | Its geographic location and position above the Arctic Circle. | 0.21 | 7,361 | ( 92,367 km2) |
35,663 sq mi|
Petersburg Borough | 195 | Petersburg | Home Rule | 2013 | Incorporated after voters approved borough formation in December 2012. | Named for Norwegian immigrant Peter Buschmann (1849-1903), founder of the former city of Petersburg. | 1.18 | 3,427 | ( 7,514 km2) |
2,901 sq mi|
Sitka | 220 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
Unified Home Rule | 1971 | - | Derived from Tlingit word Shee At'iká, meaning "People on the outside of Shee (Baranof Island)." | 2.89 | 8,282 | ( 7,433 km2) |
2,870 sq mi|
Skagway | 230 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
First | 2007 | - | Derived from Tlingit word Shgagwèi, meaning "a windy place with white caps on the water." | 2.52 | 1,095 | ( 1,124 km2) |
434 sq mi|
Unorganized Borough | - | - | - | 1961 | The Borough Act of 1961 created The Unorganized Borough including all of Alaska not within a Unified, Home rule, First class or Second class borough. | A legal entity in Alaska, covering those parts of Alaska not within an incorporated borough; it is directly administered by the State of Alaska. | 0.24 | 75,362 | ( 828,413 km2) |
319,852 sq mi|
Wrangell | 275 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
Unified Home Rule | 2008 | Formerly part of Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area | Ferdinand von Wrangel, Russian administrator of Alaska, 1840-49. | 0.81 | 2,064 | ( 6,620 km2) |
2,556 sq mi|
Yakutat | 282 | (Consolidated city-borough) |
Home Rule | 1992 | - | Yakutat Bay and the Yakutat Alaska Native people | 0.09 | 687 | ( 19,743 km2) |
7,623 sq mi
Census areas in the Unorganized Borough
The Unorganized Borough is the portion of the U.S. state of Alaska not contained in any of its 19 organized boroughs. While referred to as the "Unorganized Borough", it is not a borough itself. It encompasses over half of Alaska's area, 970,500 km2. If the unorganized Borough were a state in itself, it would be the largest state in the United States of America, larger than the rest of Alaska and larger than Texas or California. (374,712 mi2). As of the 2023 Census estimate, 10% of Alaskans (75,362 people) reside in it.
Currently unique among the United States, Alaska is not entirely subdivided into organized county equivalents. For the 1980 census, the United States Census Bureau divided the unorganized borough into 12 census areas to facilitate census taking in the vast unorganized area. As new boroughs incorporate, these areas have been altered or eliminated to accommodate, such that there are currently 11 census areas:
Census area |
FIPS code | Largest town (as of 2000) |
Etymology | Density |
Population | Area | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleutians West Census Area | 016 | Unalaska | Location in the western Aleutian Islands. | 1.17 | 5,160 | ( 11,378 km2) |
4,393 sq mi|
Bethel Census Area | 050 | Bethel | City of Bethel, the largest settlement in the census area, which is itself named for the Biblical term Bethel ("house of God"). | 0.45 | 18,224 | ( 105,223 km2) |
40,627 sq mi|
Chugach Census Area | 063 | Valdez | The Chugach people (Part of Valdez–Cordova Census Area prior to January 02, 2019) |
0.71 | 6,769 | ( 24,683 km2) |
9,530 sq mi|
Copper River Census Area | 066 | Glennallen | The Copper River (Part of Valdez–Cordova Census Area prior to January 02, 2019) |
0.11 | 2,674 | ( 63,952 km2) |
24,692 sq mi|
Dillingham Census Area | 070 | Dillingham | The city of Dillingham, the largest settlement in the area, which was itself named after United States Senator Paul Dillingham (1843–1923), who had toured Alaska extensively with his Senate subcommittee in 1903. | 0.25 | 4,607 | ( 47,485 km2) |
18,334 sq mi|
Hoonah–Angoon Census Area | 105 | Hoonah | The cities of Hoonah and Angoon | 0.35 | 2,262 | ( 16,977 km2) |
6,555 sq mi|
Kusilvak Census Area | 158 | Hooper Bay | Kusilvak Mountains (Known as Wade Hampton prior to 2015) |
0.47 | 8,001 | ( 44,229 km2) |
17,077 sq mi|
Nome Census Area | 180 | Nome | City of Nome, the largest settlement in the census area. | 0.43 | 9,763 | ( 59,489 km2) |
22,969 sq mi|
Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area | 198 | Craig | Prince of Wales Island and the town of Hyder (Known as Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan prior to the expansion of Ketchikan Gateway Borough in 2008) |
1.08 | 5,696 | ( 13,644 km2) |
5,268 sq mi|
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area | 240 | Deltana | Its location, southeast of Fairbanks | 0.29 | 7,077 | ( 64,312 km2) |
24,831 sq mi|
Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area | 290 | Fort Yukon | Yukon River ("great river" in Gwich’in), which flows through the census area; and the city of Koyukuk | 0.04 | 5,129 | ( 377,040 km2) |
145,576 sq mi
See also
In Spanish: División política de Alaska para niños
- List of cities in Alaska
- List of census-designated places in Alaska
- List of United States counties and county equivalents