Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas facts for kids

• Paleo-Eskimo, prehistoric cultures, Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, 2500 BC–AD 1500
  • Arctic small tool tradition, prehistoric culture, 2500 BC, Bering Strait
  • Pre-Dorset, eastern Arctic, 2500–500 BC
  • Saqqaq culture, Greenland, 2500–800 BC
  • Independence I, northeastern Canada and Greenland, 2400–1800 BC
  • Independence II culture, northeastern Canada and Greenland, 800–1 BC)
  • Groswater, Labrador and Nunavik, Canada
  • Dorset culture, 500 BC–AD 1500, Alaska, Canada
• Aleut (Unangan), Aleutian Islands of Alaska, and Kamchatka Krai, Russia
• Inuit, Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland
  • Thule, proto-Inuit, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, AD 900–1500
    • Birnirk culture, prehistoric Inuit culture, Alaska, AD 500–900
  • Greenlandic Inuit, Greenland
    • Kalaallit, west Greenland
    • Avanersuarmiut (Inughuit), north Greenland
    • Tunumiit, east Greenland
  • Inuvialuit, western Canadian Arctic
  • Iñupiat, north and northwest Alaska
• Yupik peoples (Yup'ik), Alaska and Russia
  • Alutiiq (Sugpiaq, Pacific Yupik), Alaska Peninsula, coastal and island areas of south-central Alaska
  • Central Alaskan Yup'ik people, west-central Alaska
    • Cup'ik, Hooper Bay and Chevak, Alaska
    • Nunivak Cup'ig people (Cup'ig), Nunivak Island, Alaska
  • Siberian Yupik, Russian Far East and St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
    • Chaplino
    • Naukan
    • Sirenik, Siberia

• Ahtna (Ahtena, Nabesna)
• Anishinaabe – see also Northeastern Woodlands
  • Oji-Cree (Anishinini, Severn Ojibwa) Ontario, Manitoba
  • Ojibwa (Chippewa, Ojibwe) Ontario, Manitoba, Minnesota
• Atikamekw, Quebec
• Chipewyan, Alaskan interior, Western Canada
• Cree, Central and Eastern Canada, North Dakota
• Dakelh (Carrier), British Columbia
  • Babine, British Columbia
  • Wet'suwet'en, British Columbia
• Deg Hit’an (Deg Xinag, Degexit’an, Kaiyuhkhotana), Alaska
• Dena’ina (Tanaina), Alaska
• Dane-zaa (Beaver, Dunneza), Alberta, British Columbia
• Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheaux), Alaska, Yukon
• Hän, Alaska, Yukon
• Holikachuk, Alaska
• Innu (Montagnais), Labrador, Quebec
• Kaska (Nahane)
• Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim)
• Koyukon, Alaska
• Naskapi
• Sekani
• Sahtú (North Slavey, Bearlake, Hare, Mountain), Northwest Territories
• Slavey (Awokanak, Slave, Deh Gah Got'ine, Deh Cho), Alberta, British Columbia
• Tagish
• Tahltan
• Lower Tanana
• Middle Tanana
• Upper Tanana
• Tanacross
• Tasttine (Beaver)
• Tli Cho
• Inland Tlingit
• Tsetsaut (extinct)
• Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)
• Northern Tutchone
• Southern Tutchone
• Yellowknives

• Alsea, Oregon
• Heiltsuk
• Nuxalk
• Tsleil-Waututh First Nation
• Chehalis (Upper and Lower), Washington
• Chehalis (BC), Fraser Valley
• Chemakum, Washington (extinct)
• Chetco – see Tolowa
• Chinook Dialects: (Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Wasco)
• Clallam – see Klallam
• Clatsop
• Comox, Vancouver Island/BC Georgia Strait
• Coos, Hanis, Oregon
• Lower Coquille (Miluk), Oregon
• Upper Coquille
• Cowichan, Southern Vancouver Island and Georgia Strait
  • Quwutsun
  • Somena
  • Quamichan
• Lower Cowlitz, Washington
• Duwamish, Washington
• Eyak, Alaska
• Galice
• Gitxsan, British Columbia
• Haida (Dialects: Kaigani, Skidegate, Masset), BC & Alaska
• Haisla BC North/Central Coast
  • Haihai
  • Kimsquit
  • Kitimaat
• Heiltsuk BC Central Coast
• Hoh Washington
• Kalapuya (Calapooia, Calapuya, Tfalatim, Yamel, Yaquina, Yoncalla), Oregon
  • Central Kalapuya, Oregon
    • Ahantchuyuk
    • Mary's River
    • Lakmiut
    • Mohawk, Oregon
    • Santiam
  • North Kalapuya, Oregon
    • Tfalati (Atfalati)
    • Tualatin
    • Yamhill (Yamel)
  • South Kalapuya (Yonkalla, Yoncalla), Oregon
• Klallam (Clallam, Dialects: Klallam (Lower Elwha), S'Klallam (Jamestown), S'Klallam (Port Gamble))
• Klickitat
• Kwalhioqua
• Kwakwaka'wakw, British Columbia
  • Koskimo
  • 'Namgis
  • Laich-kwil-tach (Euclataws or Yuculta)
• Lummi, Washington
• Makah, Washington
• Muckleshoot, Washington
• Musqueam, BC Lower Mainland (Vancouver)
• Nisga'a, British Columbia
• Nisqually, Washington
• Nooksack, Washington
• Nuu-chah-nulth West Coast of Vancouver Island
• Nuxalk (Bella Coola) – BC Central Coast
• Oowekeno – see Wuikinuxv
• Pentlatch, Vancouver Island and Georgia Strait (extinct)
• Puyallup, Washington
• Quileute, Washington
• Quinault, Washington
• Rivers Inlet – see Wuikinuxv
• Rogue River or Upper Illinois (Chasta Costa), Oregon, California
• Saanich Southern Vancouver Island/Georgia Strait
• Samish, Washington
• Sauk-Suiattle, Washington
• Sechelt, BC Sunshine Coast/Georgia Strait (Shishalh)
• Shoalwater Bay Tribe, Washington
• Siletz, Oregon
• Siuslaw, Oregon
• Skagit
• Skokomish, Washington
• Sliammon, BC Sunshine Coast/Georgia Strait (Mainland Comox)
• Snohomish
• Snoqualmie
• Snuneymuxw (Nanaimo), Vancouver Island
• Songhees (Songish), Southern Vancouver Island/Strait of Juan de Fuca
• Sooke, Southern Vancouver Island/Strait of Juan de Fuca
• Squamish (Skwxwu7mesh), British Columbia
• Squaxin Island Tribe Washington
• Spokane Washington
• Stillaguamish Washington
• Sto:lo, BC Lower Mainland/Fraser Valley
  • Kwantlen
  • Katzie
• Steilacoom, Coast Salish, Puget Sound, Washington (extinct)
• Suquamish, Washington
• Swinomish, Washington
• Tait
• Takelma Oregon
• Talio
• Tillamook (Nehalem) Oregon
• Tlatlasikoala
• Tlingit, Alaska
• Tolowa-Tututni, Northern California
• Tsimshian
• Tsleil-waututh (Burrard), British Columbia
• Tulalip, Washington
• Twana, Washington
• Tzouk-e (Sooke), Vancouver Island
• Lower Umpqua, Oregon
• Upper Umpqua, Oregon
• Upper Skagit Washington
• Wuikinuxv (Owekeeno), BC Central Coast

Chinook peoples

• Clackamas, Oregon
• Clatsop, Oregon
• Kathlamet (Cathlamet), Washington
• Multnomah
• Wasco-Wishram, Oregon and Washington
• Watlata, Washington

Interior Salish

• Chelan
• Coeur d'Alene Tribe, Idaho, Montana, Washington
• Entiat, Washington
• Flathead (Selisch or Salish), Idaho, Montana
  • Bitterroot Salish
• Kalispel (Pend d'Oreilles), Montana, Washington
  • Lower Kalispel, Washington
  • Upper Kalispel, Montana
• In-SHUCK-ch, British Columbia (Lower Lillooet)
• Lil'wat, British Columbia (Lower Lillooet)
• Methow, Washington
• Nespelem, Washington
• Nlaka'pamux (Thompson people), British Columbia
• Nicola people (Thompson-Okanagan confederacy)
• Sanpoil, Washington
• Secwepemc, British Columbia (Shuswap people)
• Sinixt (Lakes), British Columbia, Idaho, and Washington
• Sinkayuse (Sinkiuse-Columbia), Washington (extinct)
• Spokane people, Washington
• Syilx (Okanagan), British Columbia, Washington
• St'at'imc, British Columbia (Upper Lillooet)
• Wenatchi (Wenatchee), Washington

Sahaptin people

• Cowlitz, (Upper Cowlitz, Taidnapam), Washington
• Klickitat, Washington
• Nez Perce, Idaho
• Tenino (Tygh, Warm Springs), Oregon
• Umatilla, Idaho, Oregon
• Walla Walla, Washington
• Wanapum, Washington
• Wauyukma
• Wyam (Lower Deschutes)
• Yakama, Washington

Other or both

• Cayuse, Oregon, Washington
• Celilo (Wayampam)
• Cowlitz, Washington
• Fort Klamath, Oregon
• Kalapuya, northwest Oregon
  • Atfalati (Tualatin, northwest Oregon
  • Mohawk River, northwest Oregon
  • Santiam, northwest Oregon
  • Yaquina, northwest Oregon
• Kutenai (Kootenai, Ktunaxa), British Columbia, Idaho, and Montana
• Lower Snake people: Chamnapam, Wauyukma, Naxiyampam
• Modoc, formerly California, now Oklahoma and Oregon
• Molala (Molale), Oregon
• Nicola Athapaskans (extinct), British Columbia
• Palus (Palouse), Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
• Upper Nisqually (Mishalpan)

• Anishinaabeg (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Subarctic, Northeastern Woodlands)
  • Saulteaux (Nakawē), Manitoba, Minnesota and Ontario; later Alberta, British Columbia, Montana, Saskatchewan
  • Odawa people (Ottawa), Ontario, Michigan, later Oklahoma
  • Potawatomi, Michigan, Ontario, Indiana, Wisconsin, and later Oklahoma
• Apache (see also Southwest)
  • Lipan Apache, New Mexico, Texas
  • Plains Apache (Kiowa Apache), Oklahoma
  • Querecho Apache, Texas
• Arapaho (Arapahoe), formerly Colorado, currently Oklahoma and Wyoming
  • Besawunena
  • Nawathinehena
• Arikara (Arikaree, Arikari, Ree), North Dakota
• Atsina (Gros Ventre), Montana
• Blackfoot
  • Kainai Nation (Káínaa, Blood), Alberta
  • Northern Peigan (Aapátohsipikáni), Alberta
  • Blackfeet, Southern Piegan (Aamsskáápipikani), Montana
  • Siksika (Siksikáwa), Alberta
• Cheyenne, Montana, Oklahoma
  • Suhtai, Montana, Oklahoma
• Comanche, Oklahoma, Texas
• Plains Cree, Montana
• Crow (Absaroka, Apsáalooke), Montana
• Escanjaques, Oklahoma
• Hidatsa, North Dakota
• Iowa (Ioway), Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma
• Kaw (Kansa, Kanza), Oklahoma
• Kiowa, Oklahoma
• Mandan, North Dakota
• Métis people (Canada), North Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta
• Missouri (Missouria), Oklahoma
• Omaha, Nebraska
• Osage, Oklahoma, formerly Arkansas, Missouri
• Otoe (Oto), Oklahoma
• Pawnee, Oklahoma
  • Chaui, Oklahoma
  • Kitkehakhi, Oklahoma
  • Pitahawirata, Oklahoma
  • Skidi, Oklahoma
• Ponca, Nebraska, Oklahoma
• Quapaw, formerly Arkansas, Oklahoma
• Sioux
  • Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Manitoba, Saskatchewan
    • Santee, Nebraska
    • Yankton, South Dakota
    • Yanktonai, formerly Minnesota, currently Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota
  • Lakota (Teton), Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Saskatchewan
    • Sičháŋǧu (Brulé, Burned Thighs)
    • Oglála (Scatters Their Own)
    • Itázipčho (Sans Arc, No Bows)
    • Húŋkpapȟa (Hunkpapa)
    • Mnikȟówožu (Miniconjou)
    • Sihásapa (Blackfoot Sioux)
    • Oóhenuŋpa (Two Kettles)
  • Nakoda (Stoney), Alberta
  • Nakota, Assiniboine (Assiniboin), Montana, Saskatchewan
• Teyas, Texas
• Tonkawa, Oklahoma
• Tsuu T’ina, (Sarcee, Sarsi, Tsuut’ina), Alberta
• Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Kitikiti'sh), Oklahoma, formerly Texas and Kansas
  • Kichai (also related to the Caddo), Oklahoma, formerly Texas and Kansas
  • Taovayas (Tawehash), Oklahoma, formerly Texas and Kansas
  • Tawakoni, Oklahoma, formerly Texas and Kansas
  • Waco (Iscani, Yscani), Oklahoma, formerly Texas
  • Wichita proper, Guichita, Rayados, Oklahoma, formerly Texas and Kansas

• Accomac people, formerly Eastern Shore of Virginia

• Accohannock, formerly Eastern Shore of Virginia
• Gingaskin, formerly Eastern Shore of Virginia

• Adena culture (1000–200 BC) formerly Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland
• Abenaki (Tarrantine), Quebec, Maine, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, and Vermont
  • Eastern Abenaki, Quebec, Maine, and New Hampshire
    • Kennebec (Caniba), Maine
  • Western Abenaki: Quebec, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont
• Annamessex, Annemessex, formerly Eastern Shore of Maryland
• Anishinaabeg (Anishinape, Anicinape, Neshnabé, Nishnaabe) (see also Subarctic, Plains)
  • Algonquin, Quebec, Ontario
  • Nipissing, Ontario
  • Ojibwe (Chippewa, Ojibwa), Ontario, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin
    • Mississaugas, Ontario
    • Saulteaux (Nakawē), Ontario
  • Odawa people (Ottawa), Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario; later Oklahoma
  • Potawatomi, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ontario, Wisconsin; later Kansas and Oklahoma
• Assateague, formerly Maryland
• Attawandaron (Neutral), formerly Ontario
• Beothuk, formerly Newfoundland
• Chowanoke, North Carolina
• Choptank people, Maryland
• Conoy, Virginia, Maryland
• Fort Ancient culture (AD 1000–1750), formerly Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and West Virginia
• Erie, formerly Pennsylvania, New York
• Etchemin, formerlyMaine
• Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), southern Wisconsin and Nebraska, formerly northern Illinois, formerly Iowa, and Nebraska
• Honniasont, formerly Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia
• Hopewell tradition, formerly Ohio, Illinois, and Kentucky, and Black River region, 200 BC–AD 500
• Housatonic, formerly Massachusetts, New York
• Illinois Confederacy (Illiniwek), formerly Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri
  • Cahokia, formerly Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, now Oklahoma
  • Kaskaskia, formerly Wisconsin, now Oklahoma
  • Miami, formerly Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan, now Oklahoma
• Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee), Ontario, Quebec, and New York
  • Cayuga, New York, Oklahoma
  • Mohawk, New York and Kahnawake, Quebec
  • Oneida, New York
  • Onondaga, New York
  • Seneca, New York and Oklahoma
    • Mingo, formerly Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia
  • Tuscarora, formerly North Carolina, now New York
• Kickapoo, formerly Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, now Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico
• Laurentian (St. Lawrence Iroquoians), formerly New York, Ontario, and Quebec, 14th century–1580
• Lenni Lenape (Delaware), formerly Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, now Ontario, Wisconsin and Oklahoma
  • Munsee-speaking subgroups, formerly Long Island and southeastern New York, now Wisconsin
    • Canarsie (Canarsee), formerly Long Island New York
    • Esopus, formerly New York, later Ontario and Wisconsin
    • Hackensack, formerly New York
    • Haverstraw (Rumachenanck), New York
    • Kitchawank (Kichtawanks, Kichtawank), New York
    • Minisink, formerly New York
    • Navasink, to the east along the north shore of New Jersey
    • Sanhican (Raritan), formerly Monmouth County, New Jersey
    • Sinsink (Sintsink), Westchester County, New York
    • Siwanoy, formerly New York and Connecticut
    • Tappan, formerly New York
    • Waoranecks
    • Wappinger (Wecquaesgeek, Nochpeem), formerly New York
    • Warranawankongs
    • Wiechquaeskeck, formerly New York
    • Wisquaskeck (Raritan), formerly Westchester County, New York
  • Unami-speaking subgroups
    • Acquackanonk, formerly Passaic River in northern New Jersey
    • Okehocking, formerly southeast Pennsylvania
    • Unalachtigo, formerly Delaware, New Jersey
• Mahican (Stockbridge Mahican) formerly Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont
• Manahoac, Virginia
• Mascouten, formerly Michigan
• Massachusett, formerly Massachusetts
  • Ponkapoag, formerly Massachusetts
• Meherrin, Virginia, North Carolina
• Menominee, Wisconsin
• Meskwaki (Fox), formerly Michigan, now Iowa
• Mi'kmaq (Micmac), New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Maine
• Mohegan, Connecticut
• Monacan, Virginia
• Montaukett (Montauk), New York
• Monyton (Monetons, Monekot, Moheton) (Siouan), West Virginia and Virginia
• Nansemond, Virginia
• Nanticoke, Delaware and Maryland
• Narragansett, Rhode Island
• Niantic, coastal Connecticut
• Nipmuc (Nipmuck), Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island
• Nottaway, Virginia
• Occaneechi (Occaneechee), Virginia
• Passamaquoddy, New Brunswick, and Maine
• Patuxent, Maryland
• Paugussett, Connecticut
  • Potatuck, New York
• Peoria, Illinois, now Oklahoma
  • Mitchigamea, formerly Illinois, now Oklahoma
  • Moingona, formerly Illinois, now Oklahoma
  • Tamaroa, formerly Illinois, now Oklahoma
  • Wea, formerly Indiana, now Oklahoma
• Pennacook tribe, formerly Massachusetts, New Hampshire
• Penobscot, Maine
• Pequot, Connecticut
• Petun (Tionontate), Ontario
• Piscataway, Maryland
• Pocumtuc, western Massachusetts
• Podunk, formerly New York, eastern Hartford County, Connecticut
• Powhatan Confederacy, Virginia

• Appomattoc, Virginia
• Arrohateck, Virginia
• Chesapeake, Virginia
• Chesepian, Virginia
• Chickahominy, Virginia
• Kiskiack, Virginia
• Mattaponi, Virginia
• Nansemond, Virginia
• Paspahegh, Virginia
• Potomac (Patawomeck), Virginia
• Powhatan, Virginia
• Pamunkey, Virginia

• Quinnipiac, Connecticut, eastern New York, northern New Jersey
• Rappahannock, Virginia
• Sauk (Sac), formerly Michigan, now Iowa, Oklahoma
• Schaghticoke, western Connecticut
• Shawnee, formerly Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, now Oklahoma
• Shinnecock, Long Island, New York
• Stegarake, formerly Virginia
• Stuckanox (Stukanox), Virginia
• Conestoga (Susquehannock), Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia
• Tauxenent (Doeg), Virginia
• Tunxis (Massaco), Connecticut
• Tuscarora, formerly North Carolina, Virginia, currently New York
• Tutelo (Nahyssan), Virginia
• Unquachog (Poospatuck), Long Island, New York
• Wabanaki, Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec
• Wampanoag, Massachusetts
  • Nauset, Massachusetts
  • Patuxet, Massachusetts
  • Pokanoket, formerly Massachusetts, Rhode Island
• Wangunk (Mattabeset), formerly Connecticut
• Wawyachtonoc, formerly Connecticut, New York
• Weapemeoc, formerly northern North Carolina
• Wenro, formerly New York
• Wicocomico, formerly Maryland, Virginia
• Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec
• Wyandot (Huron), Ontario south of Georgian Bay, now Oklahoma, Kansas, Michigan, and Wendake, Quebec

• Acolapissa (Colapissa), Louisiana and Mississippi
• Ais, eastern coastal Florida
• Alafay (Alafia, Pojoy, Pohoy, Costas Alafeyes, Alafaya Costas), Florida
• Amacano, Florida west coast
• Apalachee, northwestern Florida
• Atakapa (Attacapa), Louisiana west coast and Texas southwestern coast
  • Akokisa, Texas southeast coast
  • Bidai, Texas southeast coast
  • Deadose, eastern Texas
  • Eastern Atakapa, western coastal Louisiana
  • Orcoquiza, southeast Texas
  • Patiri, eastern Texas
  • Tlacopsel, southeast Texas
• Avoyel ("little Natchez"), Louisiana
• Bayogoula, southeastern Louisiana
• Biloxi, Mississippi
• Caddo Confederacy, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas
  • Adai (Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos), Louisiana and Texas
  • Cahinnio, southern Arkansas
  • Doustioni, north central Louisiana
  • Eyeish (Hais), eastern Texas
  • Hainai, eastern Texas
  • Hasinai, eastern Texas
  • Kadohadacho, northeastern Texas, southwestern Arkansas, northwestern Louisiana
  • Nabedache, eastern Texas
  • Nabiti, eastern Texas
  • Nacogdoche, eastern Texas
  • Nacono, eastern Texas
  • Nadaco, eastern Texas
  • Nanatsoho, northeastern Texas
  • Nasoni, eastern Texas
  • Natchitoches, Lower: central Louisiana, Upper: northeastern Texas
  • Neche, eastern Texas
  • Nechaui, eastern Texas
  • Ouachita, northern Louisiana
  • Tula, western Arkansas
  • Yatasi, northwestern Louisiana
• Calusa, southwestern Florida
• Cape Fear Indians, North Carolina southern coast
• Catawba (Esaw, Usheree, Ushery, Yssa), North Carolina, South Carolina
• Chacato, Florida panhandle and southern Alabama
• Chakchiuma, Alabama and Mississippi
• Chatot people (Chacato, Chactoo), west Florida
• Chawasha (Washa), Louisiana
• Cheraw (Chara, Charàh), North Carolina
• Cherokee, western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, later Georgia, northwestern South Carolina, northern Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, Mexico, and currently North Carolina and Oklahoma
• Chickanee (Chiquini), North Carolina
• Chickasaw, Alabama and Mississippi, later Oklahoma
• Chicora, coastal South Carolina
• Chine, Florida
• Chisca (Cisca), southwestern Virginia
• Chitimacha, Louisiana
• Choctaw, Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of Louisiana; later Oklahoma
• Chowanoc (Chowanoke), North Carolina
• Congaree (Canggaree), South Carolina
• Coree, North Carolina
• Croatan, North Carolina
• Cusabo coastal South Carolina
• Eno, North Carolina
• Grigra (Gris), Mississippi
• Guacata (Santalûces), eastern coastal Florida
• Guacozo, Florida
• Guale (Cusabo, Iguaja, Ybaja), coastal Georgia
• Guazoco, southwestern Florida coast
• Houma, Louisiana and Mississippi
• Jaega (Jobe), eastern coastal Florida
• Jaupin (Weapemoc), North Carolina
• Jororo, Florida interior
• Keyauwee, North Carolina
• Koasati (Coushatta), formerly eastern Tennessee, currently Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas
• Koroa, Mississippi
• Luca, southwestern Florida coast
• Lumbee, North Carolina
• Machapunga, North Carolina
• Matecumbe (Matacumbêses, Matacumbe, Matacombe), Florida Keys
• Mayaca, Florida
• Mayaimi (Mayami), interior Florida
• Mayajuaca, Florida
• Mikasuki (Miccosukee), Florida
• Mobila (Mobile, Movila), northwestern Florida and southern Alabama
• Mocoso, western Florida
• Mougoulacha, Mississippi
• Muscogee (Creek), Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, and later Oklahoma
  • Abihka, Alabama, later Oklahoma
  • Alabama, formerly Alabama, southwestern Tennessee, and northwestern Mississippi, now Oklahoma and Texas
    • Pakana (Pacâni, Pagna, Pasquenan, Pak-ká-na, Pacanas), central Alabama, later Texas
  • Apalachicola Province, (Lower Towns of the Muscogee (Creek) Confederacy), Alabama and Georgia
    • Apalachicola (town), Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina
    • Hitchiti, Alabama and Georgia
    • Oconi, Alabama and Georgia
    • Sabacola (Sawakola, Sabacôla, Savacola, Sawokli), Alabama and Georgia
  • Chiaha, Creek Confederacy, Alabama
  • Eufaula tribe, Georgia, later Oklahoma
  • Kialegee Tribal Town, Alabama, later Oklahoma
  • Osochee (Osochi, Oswichee, Usachi, Oosécha), Creek Confederacy, Alabama
  • Talapoosa, Creek Confederacy, Alabama
  • Thlopthlocco Tribal Town, Alabama, Georgia, later Oklahoma
  • Tukabatchee, Muscogee Creek Confederacy, Alabama
• Naniaba, northwestern Florida and southern Alabama
• Natchez, Louisiana and Mississippi later Oklahoma
• Neusiok (Newasiwac, Neuse River Indians), North Carolina
• Norwood culture, Apalachee region, Florida, c. 12,000–4500 BC
• Ofo, Arkansas and Mississippi, eastern Tennessee
• Okchai (Ogchay), central Alabama
• Okelousa, Louisiana
• Opelousas, Louisiana
• Pacara, Florida
• Pamlico, formerly North Carolina
• Pascagoula, Mississippi coast
• Pee Dee (Pedee), South Carolina and North Carolina
• Pensacola, Florida panhandle and southern Alabama
• Potoskeet, North Carolina
• Quinipissa, southeastern Louisiana and Mississippi
• Roanoke, North Carolina
• Saluda (Saludee, Saruti), South Carolina
• Santee (Seretee, Sarati, Sati, Sattees), South Carolina (no relation to Santee Sioux), South Carolina
• Santa Luces, Florida
• Saponi, North Carolina, Virginia
• Saura, North Carolina
• Saxapahaw (Sissipahaw, Sissipahua, Shacioes), North Carolina
• Secotan, North Carolina
• Seminole, Florida and Oklahoma
• Sewee (Suye, Joye, Xoye, Soya), South Carolina coast
• Shakori, North Carolina
• Shoccoree (Haw), North Carolina, possibly Virginia
• Sissipahaw, North Carolina
• Sugeree (Sagarees, Sugaws, Sugar, Succa), North Carolina and South Carolina
• Surruque, east-central Florida
• Suteree (Sitteree, Sutarees, Sataree), North Carolina
• Taensa, Mississippi
• Taposa, Mississippi
• Tawasa, Alabama
• Tequesta, southeastern coastal Florida
• Timucua, Florida and Georgia
  • Acuera, central Florida
  • Agua Fresca (or Agua Dulce or Freshwater), interior northeast Florida
  • Arapaha, north-central Florida and south-central Georgia
  • Cascangue, coastal southeast Georgia
  • Icafui (or Icafi), coastal southeast Georgia
  • Mocama (or Tacatacuru), coastal northeast Florida and coastal southeast Georgia
  • Northern Utina north central Florida
  • Ocale, central Florida
  • Oconi, interior southeast Georgia
  • Potano, north central Florida
  • Saturiwa, northeast Florida
  • Tacatacuru, coastal southeast Georgia
  • Tucururu (or Tucuru), central? Florida
  • Utina (or Eastern Utina), northeast central Florida
  • Yufera, coastal southeast Georgia
  • Yui (Ibi), coastal southeast Georgia
  • Yustaga, north central Florida
• Tiou (Tioux), Mississippi
• Tocaste, Florida
• Tocobaga, Florida
• Tohomé, northwestern Florida and southern Alabama
• Tomahitan, eastern Tennessee
• Topachula, Florida
• Tunica, Arkansas and Mississippi
• Utiza, Florida
• Uzita, Tampa Bay, Florida
• Vicela, Florida
• Viscaynos, Florida
• Waccamaw, South Carolina
• Waccamaw Siouan, North Carolina
• Wateree (Guatari, Watterees), North Carolina
• Waxhaw (Waxsaws, Wisack, Wisacky, Weesock, Flathead), North Carolina and South Carolina
• Westo, Virginia and South Carolina, extinct
• Winyaw, South Carolina coast
• Woccon, North Carolina
• Yamasee, Florida, Georgia
• Yazoo, southeastern tip of Arkansas, eastern Louisiana, Mississippi
• Yuchi (Euchee), central Tennessee, then northwest Georgia, now Oklahoma

• Ahwahnechee, Yosemite Valley, California
• Bannock, Idaho
  • Southern Paiute, Arizona, Nevada, Utah
    • Chemehuevi, southeastern California
    • Kaibab, northwestern Arizona
    • Kaiparowtis, southwestern Utah
    • Moapa, southern Nevada
    • Panaca
    • Panguitch, Utah
    • Paranigets, southern Nevada
    • Shivwits, southwestern Utah
• Coso People, of Coso Rock Art District in the Coso Range, Mojave Desert California
• Fremont culture (AD 400–1300), formerly Utah
• Kawaiisu, southern inland California
• Mono, southeastern California
  • Eastern Mono, southeastern California
  • Western Mono or Owens Valley Paiute, eastern California and Nevada
• Northern Paiute, eastern California, Nevada, Oregon, southwestern Idaho

• Kucadikadi, Mono Lake Paiute, Mono Lake, California

• Shoshone (Shoshoni), California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming
  • Eastern Shoshone people:

• Guchundeka', Kuccuntikka, Buffalo Eaters
• Tukkutikka, Tukudeka, Mountain Sheep Eaters, joined the Northern Shoshone
• Boho'inee', Pohoini, Pohogwe, Sage Grass people, Sagebrush Butte People

• Northern Shoshone, Idaho

• Agaideka, Salmon Eaters, Lemhi, Snake River and Lemhi River Valley
• Doyahinee', Mountain people
• Kammedeka, Kammitikka, Jack Rabbit Eaters, Snake River, Great Salt Lake
• Hukundüka, Porcupine Grass Seed Eaters, Wild Wheat Eaters, possibly synonymous with Kammitikka
• Tukudeka, Dukundeka', Sheep Eaters (Mountain Sheep Eaters), Sawtooth Range, Idaho
• Yahandeka, Yakandika, Groundhog Eaters, lower Boise, Payette, and Wiser Rivers

• Western Shoshone people:

• Kusiutta, Goshute (Gosiute), Great Salt Desert and Great Salt Lake, Utah

• Cedar Valley Goshute
• Deep Creek Goshute
• Rush Valley Goshute
• Skull Valley Goshute, Wipayutta, Weber Ute
• Tooele Valley Goshute
• Trout Creek Goshute

• Kuyatikka, Kuyudikka, Bitterroot Eaters, Halleck, Mary's River, Clover Valley, Smith Creek Valley, Nevada
• Mahaguadüka, Mentzelia Seed Eaters, Ruby Valley, Nevada
• Painkwitikka, Penkwitikka, Fish Eaters, Cache Valley, Idaho and Utah
• Pasiatikka, Redtop Grass Eaters, Deep Creek Gosiute, Deep Creek Valley, Antelope Valley
• Tipatikka, Pinenut Eaters, northernmost band
• Tsaiduka, Tule Eaters, Railroad Valley, Nevada
• Tsogwiyuyugi, Elko, Nevada
• Waitikka, Ricegrass Eaters, Ione Valley, Nevada
• Watatikka, Ryegrass Seed Eaters, Ruby Valley, Nevada
• Wiyimpihtikka, Buffalo Berry Eaters

• Timbisha, aka Panamint or Koso, southeastern California
• Ute, Colorado, Utah, northern New Mexico
  • Capote, southeastern Colorado and New Mexico
  • Moanunts, Salina, Utah
  • Muache, south and central Colorado
  • Pahvant, western Utah
  • Sanpits, central Utah
  • Timpanogots, north-central Utah
  • Uintah, Utah
  • Uncompahgre or Taviwach, central and northern Colorado
  • Weeminuche, western Colorado, eastern Utah, northwestern New Mexico
  • White River Utes (Parusanuch and Yampa), Colorado and eastern Utah
• Washo, Nevada and California
  • Palagewan
  • Pahkanapil

• Achomawi, Achumawi, Pit River tribe, northeastern California
• Atsugewi, northeastern California
• Cahuilla, southern California
• Chumash, coastal southern California
  • Barbareño
  • Cruzeño, Island Chumash
  • Inezeño, Ineseño
  • Obispeño, Northern Chumash
  • Purisimeño
  • Ventureño
• Chilula, northwestern California
• Chimariko, extinct, northwestern California
• Cupeño, southern California
• Eel River Athapaskan peoples
  • Lassik, northwestern California
  • Mattole (Bear River), northwestern California
  • Nongatl, northwestern California
  • Sinkyone, northwestern California
  • Wailaki, Wai-lakki, northwestern California
• Esselen, west-central California
• Hupa, northwestern California
  • Tsnungwe
• Juaneño, Acjachemem, southwestern California
• Karok, northwestern California
• Kato, Cahto, northwestern California
• Kitanemuk, south-central California
• Konkow, northern-central California
• Kumeyaay, Diegueño, Kumiai
  • Ipai, southwestern California
    • Jamul, southwestern California
  • Tipai, southwestern California and northwestern Mexico
• La Jolla complex, southern California, c. 6050–1000 BC
• Luiseño, southwestern California
• Maidu, northeastern California
  • Konkow, northern California
  • Mechoopda, northern California
  • Nisenan, Southern Maidu, northern California
• Miwok, Me-wuk, central California
  • Coast Miwok, west-central California
  • Lake Miwok, west-central California
  • Valley and Sierra Miwok
• Monache, Western Mono, central California
• Nisenan, eastern-central California
• Nomlaki, northwestern California
• Ohlone, Costanoan, west-central California
  • Awaswas
  • Chalon
  • Chochenyo
  • Karkin
  • Mutsun
  • Ramaytush
  • Rumsen
  • Tamyen
  • Yelamu
• Patwin, central California
  • Suisun, Southern Patwin, central California
• Pauma Complex, southern California, c. 6050–1000 BC
• Pomo, northwestern and central-western California
• Salinan, coastal central California
  • Antoniaño
  • Migueleño
• Serrano, southern California
• Shasta northwestern California
  • Konomihu, northwestern California
  • Okwanuchu, northwestern California
• Tataviam, Allilik (Fernandeño), southern California
• Tolowa, northwestern California
• Tongva, Gabrieleño, Fernandeño, San Clemente tribe, coastal southern California
• Tubatulabal, south-central California
• Wappo, north-central California
• Whilkut, northwestern California
• Wintu, northwestern California
• Wiyot, northwestern California
• Yana, northern-central California
  • Yahi
• Yokuts, central and southern California
  • Chukchansi, Foothill Yokuts, central California
  • Northern Valley Yokuts, central California
  • Tachi tribe, Southern Valley Yokuts, south-central California
• Yuki, Ukomno'm, northwestern California
  • Huchnom, northwestern California
• Yurok, northwestern California

• Ak Chin, Arizona
• Akimel O'odham (Pima), Arizona
• Southern Athabaskan
  • Chiricahua Apache, New Mexico and Oklahoma
  • Jicarilla Apache, New Mexico
  • Lipan Apache, Texas
  • Mescalero Apache, New Mexico
  • Navajo (Navaho, Diné), Arizona and New Mexico
  • San Carlos Apache, Arizona
  • Tonto Apache, Arizona
  • Western Apache (Coyotero Apache), Arizona
  • White Mountain Apache, Arizona
• Comecrudo, Texas, northern Mexico
• Cotoname (Carrizo de Camargo)
• Genízaro, Arizona, New Mexico
• Halchidhoma, Arizona and California
• Hualapai, Arizona
• Havasupai, Arizona
• Houma, Louisiana
• Hohokam, formerly Arizona
• Karankawa, Texas
• Kavelchadhom
• La Junta, Texas, Chihuahua
• Mamulique, Texas, northern Mexico
• Manso, Texas, Chihuahua
• Maricopa, Arizona
• Mojave, Arizona, California, and Nevada
• Pima Bajo
• Pueblo peoples, Arizona, New Mexico, Western Texas
  • Ancestral Pueblo, formerly Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah
  • Hopi-Tewa (Arizona Tewa, Hano), Arizona, joined the Hopi during the Pueblo Revolt
  • Hopi, Arizona
  • Keres people, New Mexico
    • Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Cochiti Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Kewa Pueblo (formerly Santo Domingo Pueblo), New Mexico
    • Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico
    • San Felipe Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Zia Pueblo, New Mexico
  • Tewa people, New Mexico
    • Nambé Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo), New Mexico
    • Pojoaque Pueblo, New Mexico
    • San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Tesuque Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico
  • Tiwa people, New Mexico
    • Isleta Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Sandia Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Taos Pueblo, New Mexico
    • Ysleta del Sur Pueblo (Tigua Pueblo), Texas
    • Piro Pueblo, New Mexico
  • Towa people
    • Jemez Pueblo (Walatowa), New Mexico
    • Pecos (Ciquique) Pueblo, New Mexico
  • Zuni people (Ashiwi), New Mexico
• Quechan (Yuma), Arizona and California
• Quems
• Solano, Coahuila, Texas
• Tamique
• Toboso
• Tohono O'odham, Arizona and Mexico
  • Qahatika, Arizona
• Tompiro
• Ubate
• Walapai, Arizona
• Yaqui (Yoreme), Arizona, Sonora
• Yavapai, Arizona
  • Tolkapaya (Western Yavapai), Arizona
  • Yavapé (Northwestern Yavapai), Arizona
  • Kwevkapaya (Southeastern Yavapai), Arizona
  • Wipukpa (Northeastern Yavapai), Arizona

• Acaxee
• Aranama (Hanáma, Hanáme, Chaimamé, Chariname, Xaraname, Taraname), southeast Texas
• Coahuiltecan, Texas, northern Mexico
• Chichimeca
  • Caxcan (Caxcane)
  • Guachichil
  • Guamare
  • Pame
  • Tecuexe
  • Zacatec
• Cochimí, Baja California
• Cocopa, Arizona, northern Mexico
• Garza, Texas, northern Mexico
• Guachimontone
• Guamare
• Guaycura, Baja California
• Guarijío, Huarijío, Chihuahua, Sonora
• Huichol (Wixáritari), Nayarit, Jalisco, Zacatecas, and Durango
• Kiliwa, Baja California
• Mayo, Sonora and Sinaloa
• Monqui, Baja California
• Paipai, Akwa'ala, Kw'al, Baja California
• Opata
• Otomi, central Mexico
• Patiri, southeastern Texas
• Pericúe, Baja California
• Pima Bajo
• Seri
• Tarahumara
• Tepecano
• Tepehuán
• Terocodame, Texas and Mexico
  • Codam
  • Hieroquodame
  • Oodame
  • Perocodame
  • Teroodame
• Teuchitlan tradition
• Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition
• Yaqui, Sonora and now southern Arizona
• Zacateco

• Nahua, Guatemala and Mexico
  • Alaguilac, Guatemala
• Cora people
• Huastec
• Huave (Wabi), Juchitán District, Oaxaca
• Lenca
• Maya, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico
  • Itzá, Petén Department, Guatemala
  • Lacandon
  • Mopan, Belize, Guatemala
  • Yucatec (Maya proper)
    • Achi, Guatemala
    • Akatek, Guatemala
    • Ch'ol
    • Ch'orti', southeastern Guatemala, northwestern Honduras, and northern El Salvador
    • Ixil, El Quiché, Guatemala
    • Jacaltec (Jakaltek), northwestern Guatemala
    • K'iche' (Quiché), El Salvador and Guatemala
    • Kaqchikel
    • Kekchi
    • Mam
    • Poqomam
    • Tojolabales
    • Tzotzil
    • Tzeltal
    • Tz'utujil
• Mazatec
• Mixtec
• Olmec
• Otomi
• Pipil
• Purépecha, also known as Tarascan
• Tlapanec
• Xinca
• Zapotec
• Toltec (AD 900–1168), Tula, Hildago

• Arawak
  • Taino, Greater Antilles, northern Lesser Antilles
    • Lucayan, Bahamas
  • Igneri, Lesser Antilles, AD 400–1000
  • Nepoya, Trinidad
  • Suppoya, Trinidad
• Caquetio, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Venezuela
• Carib, Lesser Antilles
  • Garifuna ("Black Carib"), Originally Dominica and Saint Vincent, currently Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua
• Ciboney, Greater Antilles, c. 1000–300 BC
  • Guanahatabey (Guanajatabey), Cuba, 1000 BC
• Ciguayo, Hispaniola
• Garifuna ("Black Carib"), Originally Dominica and Saint Vincent, currently Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua
• Ortoiroid, c. 5500–200 BC
  • Coroso culture, Puerto Rico, 1000 BC–AD 200
  • Krum Bay culture, Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, 1500–200 BC
• Saladoid culture, 500 BC–AD 545

• Bagaces, Costa Rica
• Bokota, Panama
• Boruca, Costa Rica
• Bribri, Costa Rica
• Cabécar, Costa Rica
• Cacaopera (Matagalpa, Ulua), formerly El Salvador
• Cayada, Ecuador
• Changuena, Panama
• Embera-Wounaan (Chocó, Wounaan), Colombia, Panama
• Choluteca, Honduras
• Coiba, Costa Rica
• Coito, Costa Rica
• Corobici, Costa Rica
• Desaguadero, Costa Rica
• Dorasque, Panama
• Guatuso, Costa Rica
• Guaymí, Panama
  • Movere, Panama
  • Murire, Panama
• Guetar, Costa Rica
• Kuna (Guna), Panama and Colombia
• Lenca, Honduras and El Salvador
• Mangue, Nicaragua
• Maribichocoa, Honduras and Nicaragua
• Miskito, Hondrus, Nicaragua
  • Miskito Sambu
  • Tawira Miskito
• Nagrandah, Nicaragua
• Ngöbe Buglé, Bocas del Toro, Panama
• Nicarao, Nicaragua
• Nicoya, Costa Rica
• Orotiña, Costa Rica
• Paparo, Panama
• Paya, Honduras
• Pech, northeastern Honduras
• Piria, Nicaragua
• Poton, Honduras and El Salvador
• Quepo, Costa Rica
• Rama, Nicaragua
• Sigua, Panama
• Subtiaba, Nicaragua
• Suerre, Costa Rica
• Sumo (Mayagna), Honduras and Nicaragua
• Terraba (Naso, Teribe, Tjër Di), Panama
• Tojar, Panama
• Tolupan (Jicaque), Honduras
• Ulva, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua
• Voto, Costa Rica
• Yasika, Nicaragua

• Abibe, northwestern Colombia
• Aburrá, central Colombia
• Achagua (Axagua), eastern Colombia, western Venezuela
• Agual, western Colombia
• Amaní, central Colombia
• Ancerma, western Colombia
• Andaqui (Andaki), Huila Department, Colombia
• Andoque, Andoke, southeastern Colombia
• Antiochia, Colombia
• Arbi, western Colombia
• Arma, western Colombia
• Atunceta, western Colombia
• Auracana, northeastern Colombia
• Buriticá, western Colombia
• Caquetio, western Venezuela
• Calamari, northwestern Colombia
• Calima culture, western Colombia, 200 BC–AD 400
• Caramanta, western Columbia
• Carate, northeastern Colombia
• Carare, northeastern Colombia
• Carex, northwestern Colombia
• Cari, western Colombia
• Carrapa, western Colombia
• Cartama, western Colombia
• Cauca, western Colombia
• Corbago, northeastern Colombia
• Cosina, northeastern Colombia
• Catio, northwestern Colombia
• Cenú, northwestern Colombia
• Cenufaná, northwestern Colombia
• Chanco, western Colombia
• Coanoa, northeastern Colombia
• Cuiba, east Colombia west Venezuela
• Cuica, western Venezuela
• Cumanagoto, eastern Venezuela
• Evéjito, western Colombia
• Fincenú, northwestern Colombia
• Gorrón, western Colombia
• Guahibo (Guajibo), eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela
• Guambía, western Colombia
• Guanes, Colombia, pre-Columbian culture
• Guanebucan, northeastern Colombia
• Guazuzú, northwestern Colombia
• Hiwi, western Colombia, eastern Venezuela
• Jamundí, western Colombia
• Kari'ña, eastern Venezuela
• Kogi, northern Colombia
• Lile, western Colombia
• Lache, central Colombia
• Mariche, central Venezuela
• Maco (Mako, Itoto, Wotuja, or Jojod), northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela
• Mompox, northwestern Colombia
• Motilone, northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela
• Naura, central Colombia
• Nauracota, central Colombia
• Noanamá (Waunana, Huaunana, Woun Meu), northwestern Colombia and Panama
• Nutabé, northwestern Colombia
• Opón, northeastern Colombia
• Pacabueye, northwestern Colombia
• Pancenú, northwestern Colombia
• Patángoro, central Colombia
• Paucura, western Colombia
• Pemed, northwestern Colombia
• Pequi people, western Colombia
• Picara, western Colombia
• Pozo, western Colombia
• Pumé (Yaruro), Venezuela
• Quimbaya, central Colombia, 4th–7th centuries
• Quinchia, western Colombia
• Sutagao, central Colombian
• Tahamí, northwestern Colombia
• Tairona, northern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 1st–11th centuries
• Tamalameque, northwestern Colombia
• Mariche, central Venezuela
• Timba, western Colombia
• Timote, western Venezuela
• Tinigua, Caquetá Department, Colombia
• Tolú, northwestern Colombia
• Toro, western Colombia
• Tupe, northeastern Colombia
• Turbaco people, northwestern Colombia
• Urabá, northwestern Colombia
• Urezo, northwestern Colombia
• U'wa, eastern Colombia, western Venezuela
• Waikerí, eastern Venezuela
• Wayuu (Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro), northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela
• Xiriguana, northeastern Colombia
• Yamicí, northwestern Colombia
• Yapel, northwestern Colombia
• Yarigui, northeastern Colombia
• Yukpa, Yuko, northeastern Colombia
• Zamyrua, northeastern Colombia
• Zendagua, northwestern Colombia
• Zenú, northwestern Colombia, pre-Columbian culture, 200 BC–AD 1600
• Zopia, western Colombia

• Acawai (6N 60W)
• Acokwa (3N 53W)
• Acuria (Akurio, Akuriyo), 5N 55W, Suriname
• Akawaio, Roraima, Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela
• Amariba (2N 60W)
• Amicuana (2N 53W)
• Apalaí (Apalai), Amapá, Brazil
• Apirua (3N 53W)
• Apurui (3N 53W)
• Aracaret (4N 53W)
• Aramagoto (2N 54W)
• Aramisho (2N 54W)
• Arebato (7N 65W)
• Arekena (2N 67W)
• Arhuaco, northeastern Colombia
• Arigua
• Arinagoto (4N 63W)
• Arua (1N 50W)
• Aruacay, Venezuela
• Atorai (2N 59W)
• Atroahy (1S 62W)
• Auaké, Brazil and Guyana
• Baniwa (Baniva) (3N 68W), Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela
• Baraüana (1N 65W)
• Bonari (3S 58W)
• Baré (3N 67W)
• Caberre (4N 71 W)
• Cadupinago
• Cariaya (1S 63 W)
• Carib (Kalinago), Venezuela
• Carinepagoto, Trinidad
• Chaguan, Venezuela
• Chaima, Venezuela
• Cuaga, Venezuela
• Cuacua, Venezuela
• Cumanagoto, Venezuela
• Guayano, Venezuela
• Guinau (4N 65W)
• Hixkaryána, Amazonas, Brazil
• Hodï, Venezuela
• Inao (4N 65W)
• Ingarikó, Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela
• Jaoi (Yao), Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela
• Kali'na, Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela
• Lokono (Arawak, Locono), Guyana, Trinidad, Venezuela
• Macapa (2N 59W)
• Macushi, Brazil and Guyana
• Maipure (4N 67W)
• Maopityan (2N 59W)
• Mapoyo (Mapoye), Venezuela
• Marawan (3N 52W)
• Mariusa, Venezuela
• Marourioux (3N 53W)
• Nepuyo (Nepoye), Guyana, Trinidad and Venezuela
• Orealla, Guyana
• Palengue, Venezuela
• Palikur, Brazil, French Guiana
• Parauana (2N 63W)
• Parauien (3S 60W)
• Pareco, Venezuela
• Paria, Venezuela
• Patamona, Roraima, Brazil
• Pauishana (2N 62W)
• Pemon (Arecuna), Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela
• Piapoco (3N 70W)
• Piaroa, Venezuela
• Pino (3N 54W)
• Piritú, Venezuela
• Purui (2N 52W)
• Saliba (Sáliva), Venezuela
• Sanumá, Venezuela, Brazil
• Shebayo, Trinidad
• Sikiana (Chikena, Xikiyana), Brazil, Suriname
• Tagare, Venezuela
• Tamanaco, Venezuela
• Tarumá (3S 60W)
• Tibitibi, Venezuela
• Tiriyó (Tarëno), Brazil, Suriname
• Tocoyen (3N 53W)
• Tumuza, Venezuela
• Wai-Wai, Amazonas, Brazil and Guyana
• Wapishana, Brazil and Guyana
• Warao (Warrau), Guyana and Venezuela
• Wayana (Oyana), Pará, Brazil
• Ya̧nomamö (Yanomami), Venezuela and Amazonas, Brazil
• Ye'kuana, Venezuela, Brazil

• Apinajé (Apinaye Caroyo), Rio Araguiaia
• Arara, Pará
• Atikum, Bahia and Pernambuco
• Bororo, Mato Grosso
• Botocudo (Lakiãnõ)
• Carijo Guaraní
• East Brazilian tradition, Precolumbian culture
• Guató (Guato), Mato Grosso
• Kadiwéu (Guaicuru), Mato Grosso do Sul
• Kaingang
• Karajá (Iny, Javaé), Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins
• Kaxixó, Minas Gerais
• Kayapo (Cayapo, Mebêngôkre), Mato Grosso and Pará
• Laklãnõ, Santa Catarina
• Mehim (Krahô, Crahao), Rio Tocantins
• Ofayé, Mato Grosso do Sul
• Parakatêjê (Gavião), Pará
• Pataxó, Bahia
• Potiguara (Pitigoares), Ceará
• Tabajara, Ceará
• Tapirapé (Tapirape)
• Terena, Mato Gross and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
• Tupiniquim, Espírito Santo
• Umutina (Barbados)
• Xakriabá (Chakriaba, Chikriaba, or Shacriaba), Minas Gerais
• Xavánte (Shavante), Mato Grosso
• Xerénte (Sherente), Goiás
• Xucuru, Pernambuco

• Andean Hunting-Collecting tradition, Argentina, 11,000–4,000 BC
• Awa-Kwaiker, northern Ecuador, southern Colombia
• Aymara, Bolivia, Chile, Peru
• Callawalla (Callahuaya), Bolivia
• Cañari, Ecuador
• Capulí culture, Ecuador, AD 800–1500
• Cerro Narrio (Chaullabamba) (Precolumbian culture)
• Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
• Chachilla (Cayapas)
• Chanka (Chanca), Peru
• Chavín, northern Peru, 900–200 BC
• Chincha people, Peru (Precolumbian culture)
• Chipaya, Oruro Department, Bolivia
• Chuquibamba culture (Precolumbian culture)
• Conchucos
• Diaguita
  • Amaicha, Argentina
  • Calchaquí, Argentina
  • Chicoana, Salta, Argentina
  • Quilmes (Precolumbian culture), Argentina
• Guangaia (Precolumbian culture)
• Ichuña microlithic tradition (Precolumbian culture)
• Inca Empire (Inka), based in Peru
• Jama-Coaque (Precolumbian culture)
• Killke culture, Peru, AD 900–1200
• Kogi
• Kolla (Colla), Argentina, Bolivia, Chile
• La Tolita (Precolumbian culture)
• Las Vegas culture, coastal Ecuador, 8000–4600 BC
• Lauricocha culture, Peru, 8000–2500 BC
• Lima culture, Peru, AD 100–650
• Maina, Ecuador, Peru
• Manteño-Huancavilca (Precolumbian culture)
• Milagro (Precolumbian culture)
• Mollo culture, Bolivia, AD 1000–1500
• Muisca, Colombian highlands (Precolumbian culture)
• Pachacama (Precolumbian culture)
• Paez (Nasa culture), Colombian highlands (Precolumbian culture)
• Panzaleo (Precolumbian culture)
• Pasto
• Pijao, Colombia
• Quechua (Kichua, Kichwa), Bolivia
  • Chankas
  • Huancas
• Quitu culture, 2000 BC–AD 1550
• Salinar (Precolumbian culture)
• Saraguro
• Tiwanaku culture (Tiahuanaco), AD 400–1000, Bolivia
• Tsáchila (Colorado), Ecuador
• Tuza-Piartal (Precolumbian culture)
• Uru, Bolivia, Peru
  • Uru-Murato, Bolivia
• Wari culture, central coast and highlands of Peru, AD 500–1000
  • Pocra culture, Ayacucho Province, Peru, AD 500–1000

• Amotape complex, northern coastal Peru, 9000–7100 BC
• Atacameño (Atacama, Likan Antaí), Chile
• Awá, Colombia and Ecuador
• Bara, Colombia
• Cara culture, coastal Ecuador, 500 BC AD–1550
• Bahía, Ecuador, 500 BC–AD 500
• Casma culture, coastal Peru, AD 1000–1400
• Chancay, central coastal Peru, AD 1000–1450
• Chango, coastal Peru, northern Chile
• Chimú, north coastal Peru, AD 1000–1450
• Cupisnique (Precolumbian culture), 1000–200 BC, coastal Peru
• Lambayeque (Sican culture), north coastal Peru, AD 750–1375
• Machalilla culture, coastal Ecuador, 1500–1100 BC
• Manteño civilization, western Ecuador, AD 850–1600
• Moche (Mochica), north coastal Peru, AD 1–750
• Nazca culture (Nasca), south coastal Peru, AD 1–700
• Norte Chico civilization (Precolumbian culture), coastal Peru
• Paiján culture, northern coastal Peru, 8700–5900 BC
• Paracas, south coastal Peru, 600–175 BC
• Recuay culture, Peru (Precolumbian culture)
• Tallán (Precolumbian culture), north coastal Peru
• Valdivia culture, Ecuador, 3500–1800 BC
• Virú culture, Piura Region, Peru, 200 BC–AD 300
• Wari culture (Huari culture), Peru, AD 500–1000
• Yukpa (Yuko), Colombia
• Yurutí, Colombia

• Arabela, Loreto Region, Peru
• Arapaso (Arapaco), Amazonas, Brazil
• Baniwa
• Barbudo, Loreto Region, Peru
• Bora, Loreto Region, Peru
• Candoshi-Shapra (Chapras), Loreto Region, Peru
• Carútana (Arara), Amazonas, Brazil
• Chayahuita (Chaywita) Loreto Region, Peru
• Cocama, Loreto Region, Peru
• Cofán (Cofan), Putumayo Department, Colombia and Ecuador
• Cubeo (Kobeua), Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia
• Dâw, Rio Negro, Brazil
• Flecheiro
• Huaorani (Waorani, Waodani, Waos), Ecuador
• Hupda (Hup), Brazil, Colombia
• Jibito, Loreto Region, Peru
• Jivaroan peoples, Ecuador and Peru
  • Achuar, Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, Peru
  • Aguaruna (Aguarana), Ecuador, Peru
  • Huambisa, Peru
  • Shuar, Morona-Santiago Province and Oriente Region, Ecuador and Loreto Region, Peru
• Kachá (Shimaco, Urarina), Loreto Region, Peru
• Kamsá (Sebondoy), Putumayo Department, Colombia
• Kanamarí, Amazonas, Brazil
• Kichua (Quichua)
  • Cañari Kichua (Canari)
  • Canelo Kichua (Canelos-Quichua), Pataza Province, Ecuador
  • Chimborazo Kichua
  • Cholos cuencanos
  • Napo Runa (Napo Kichua, Quijos-Quichua, Napo-Quichua), Ecuador and Peru
  • Saraguro
  • Sarayacu Kichua, Pastaza Province, Ecuador
• Korubu, Amazonas, Brazil
• Kugapakori-Nahua
• Macaguaje (Majaguaje), Río Caquetá, Colombia
• Machiguenga, Peru
• Marubo
• Matsés (Mayoruna, Maxuruna), Brazil and Peru
• Mayoruna (Maxuruna)
• Miriti, Amazonas Department, Colombia
• Murato, Loreto Region, Peru
• Mura, Amazonas, Brazil
  • Pirahã (Mura-pirarrã), Amazonas, Brazil
• Nukak (Nukak-Makú), eastern Colombia
• Ocaina, Loreto Region, Peru
• Omagua (Cambeba, Kambeba, Umana), Amazonas, Brazil
• Orejón (Orejon), Napo Province, Ecuador
• Panoan, western Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
• Sharpas
• Siona (Sioni), Amazonas Department, Colombia
• Siriano, Brazil, Colombia
• Siusi, Amazonas, Brazil
• Tariano (Tariana), Amazonas, Brazil
• Tsohom Djapá
• Tukano (Tucano), Brazil, Colombia
  • Barasana (Pareroa, Taiwano), Amazonas, Brazil and Vaupés, Colombia
  • Eastern Tukanoan (Tucanoan)
  • Makuna (Buhagana, Macuna), Amazonas, Brazil and Vaupés, Colombia
• Waikino (Vaikino), Amazonas, Brazil
• Waimiri-Atroari (Kinja, Uaimiri-Atroari), Amazonas and Roraima, Brazil
• Wanano (Unana, Vanana), Amazonas, Brazil
• Witoto
  • Murui Witoto, Loreto Region, Peru
• Yagua (Yahua), Loreta Region, Peru
• Yaminahua (Jaminawa, Yamanawa, Yaminawá), Pando Department, Bolivia
• Yora
• Záparo (Zaparo), Pastaza Province, Ecuador
• Zuruahã (Suruahá, Suruwaha), Amazonas, Brazil

• Amanayé (Ararandeura), Brazil
• Araweté (Araueté, Bïde), Pará, Brazil
• Awá (Guajá), Brazil
• Ch'unchu, Peru
• Ge
• Guajajára (Guajajara), Maranhão, Brazil
• Guaraní, Paraguay
• Ka'apor, Maranhão, Brazil
• Kuruaya, Pará, Brazil
• Marajoara, Precolumbian culture, Pará, Brazil
• Panará, Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil
• Parakanã (Paracana)
• Suruí do Pará, Pará, Brazil
• Tembé
• Turiwára
• Wayampi
• Zo'é people, Pará, Brazil

• Aikanã, Rondônia, Brazil
• Akuntsu, Rondônia, Brazil
• Apiacá (Apiaká), Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil
• Assuriní do Toncantins (Tocantins)
• Aweti (Aueto), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Bakairí (Bakairi)
• Chácobo (Chacobo), northwest Beni Department, Bolivia
• Chiquitano (Chiquito, Tarapecosi), Brazil and Santa Cruz, Bolivia
• Cinta Larga, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Enawene Nawe, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Gavião of Rondônia
• Guarayu (Guarayo), Bolivia
• Ikpeng (Xicao), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Itene, Beni Department, Bolivia
• Irántxe (Iranche)
• Juma (Kagwahiva), Rondônia, Brazil
• Jurúna (Yaruna, Juruna, Yudjá), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Kaiabi (Caiabi, Cajabi, Kajabi, Kayabi), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Kalapálo (Kalapalo), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Kamayurá (Camayura), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Kanoê (Kapixaná), Rondônia, Brazil
• Karipuná (Caripuna)
• Karitiâna (Caritiana), Brazil
• Kayapo, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Kuikuro, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Matipu, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Mehináku (Mehinacu, Mehinako), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Moxo (Mojo), Bolivia
• Nahukuá (Nahuqua), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Nambikuára (Nambicuara, Nambikwara), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Pacahuara (Pacaguara, Pacawara), northwest Beni Department, Bolivia
• Pacajá (Pacaja)
• Panará, Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil
• Parecís (Paressi)
• Rikbaktsa (Erikbaksa), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Rio Pardo people, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Sateré-Mawé (Maue), Brazil
• Suyá (Kisedje), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Tacana (Takana), Beni and Madre de Dios Rivers, Bolivia
• Tapajó (Tapajo)
• Tenharim
• Trumai, Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Tsimané (Chimané, Mosetén, Pano), Beni Department, Bolivia
• Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Rondônia, Brazil
• Wari' (Pacanawa, Waricaca'), Rondônia, Brazil
• Wauja (Waurá, Waura), Mato Grosso, Brazil
• Wuy jugu (Mundurucu, Munduruku)
• Yawalapiti (Iaualapiti), Mato Grosso, Brazil

• Aguano (Santacrucino, Uguano), Peru
• Amahuaca, Brazil, Peru
• Apurinã (Popũkare), Amazonas and Acre
• Asháninka (Campa, Chuncha), Acre, Brazil and Junín, Pasco, Huánuco, and Ucayali, Peru
• Banawá (Jafí, Kitiya), Amazonas, Brazil
• Cashibo (Carapache), Huánuco Region, Peru
• Conibo (Shipibo-Conibo), Peru and Amazonas, Brazil
• Ese Ejja (Chama), Beni Department, Bolivia
• Harakmbut, Madre de Dios, Peru
  • Amarakaeri, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
    • Kareneri, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
  • Huachipaeri, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
    • Arasairi, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
    • Manuquiari, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
    • Puikiri (Puncuri), Madre de Dios Region, Peru
    • Sapiteri, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
    • Toyeri, Madre de Dios Region, Peru
• Hi-Merimã, Himarimã, Amazonas, Brazil
• Jamamadi, Acre and Amazonas, Brazil
• Kaxinawá (Cashinahua, Huni Kuin), Peru and Acre, Brazil
• Kulina (Culina), Peru
• Kwaza (Coaiá, Koaiá), Rondônia, Brazil
• Latundê, Rondônia, Brazil
• Machinere, Bolivia and Peru
• Mashco-Piro, Peru
• Matís (Matis), Brazil
• Matsés (Mayoruna, Maxuruna), Brazil, Peru
• Parintintin (Kagwahiva’nga), Brazil
• Shipibo, Loreto Region, Peru
• Sirionó (Chori, Miá), Beni and Santa Cruz Departments, Bolivia
• Ticuna (Tucuna), Brazil, Colombia, Peru
• Toromono (Toromona), La Paz Department, Bolivia
• Yanesha' (Amuesha), Cusco Region, Peru
• Yawanawa (Jaminawá, Marinawá, Xixinawá), Acre, Brazil; Madre de Dios, Peru; and Bolivia
• Yine (Contaquiro, Simiranch, Simirinche), Cuzco Region, Peru
• Yuqui (Bia, Yuki), Cochabamba Department, Bolivia
• Yuracaré (Yura), Beni and Cochabamba Departments, Bolivia

• Abipón, Argentina, historic group
• Angaite (Angate), northwestern Paraguay
• Ayoreo (Ayoré, Moro, Morotoco, Pyeta, Yovia, Zamuco), Bolivia and Paraguay
• Chamacoco (Zamuko), Paraguay
• Chané, Argentina and Bolivia
• Chiquitano (Chiquito, Tarapecosi), eastern Bolivia
• Chorote (Choroti, Iyo'wujwa, Iyojwa'ja Chorote, Manjuy), Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
• Guana (Kaskihá), Paraguay
• Guaraní, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay
  • Bolivian Guaraní
    • Chiriguano, Bolivia
    • Guarayo (East Bolivian Guaraní)
  • Chiripá (Tsiripá, Ava), Bolivia
  • Pai Tavytera (Pai, Montese, Ava), Bolivia
  • Tapieté (Guaraní Ñandéva, Yanaigua), eastern Bolivia
  • Yuqui (Bia), Bolivia
• Guaycuru peoples, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay
  • Mbayá (Caduveo), historic
    • Kadiweu, Brazil
  • Mocoví (Mocobí), Argentina
  • Pilagá (Pilage Toba)
  • Toba (Qom, Frentones), Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
• Kaiwá, Argentina and Brazil
• Lengua people (Enxet), Paraguay
  • North Lengua (Eenthlit, Enlhet, Maskoy), Paraguay
  • South Lengua, Paraguay
• Lulé (Pelé, Tonocoté), Argentina
• Maká (Towolhi), Paraguay
• Nivaclé (Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Chulupe, Guentusé), Argentina and Paraguay
• Sanapaná (Quiativis), Paraguay
• Vilela, Argentina
• Wichí (Mataco), Argentina and Tarija Department, Bolivia

• Aché, southeastern Paraguay
• Chaná (extinct), formerly Uruguay
• Chandule (Chandri)
• Charrúa, southern Brazil and Uruguay
• Comechingon (Henia-Camiare), Argentina
• Haush (Manek'enk, Mánekenk, Aush), Tierra del Fuego
• Het (Querandí) (extinct), formerly Argentinian Pampas
  • Chechehet
  • Didiuhet
  • Taluhet
• Huarpe (Warpes), Argentina, Chile
  • Allentiac (Alyentiyak)
  • Millcayac (Milykayak)
  • Oico
  • Chiquillanes
  • Pehuenche (later Araucanized)
• Mapuche (Araucanian), southwestern Argentina and Chile
  • Huilliche (Huillice, Hulliche, Güilliche), Chile
    • Cunco
    • Veliche
  • Lafquenche
  • Mapuche, southwestern Argentina and Chile
  • Pehuenche, south-central Chile and Argentina
  • Picunche, formerly Chile
  • Promaucae, formerly Chile
• Mbeguá (extinct), formerly Paraná River, Argentina
• Minuane (extinct), formerly Uruguay
• Puelche (Guennaken, Pamba) (extinct), Argentinian and Chilean Andes
• Tehuelche, Patagonia
  • Künün-a-Güna (Gennakenk, Gennaken)
  • Küwach-a-Güna
  • Mecharnúekenk
  • Aónikenk (Zuidelijke Tehuelche)
• Teushen (Tehues), extinct, formerly Tierra del Fuego
• Selk'nam (Ona), Tierra del Fuego
• Yaro (Jaro)