List of recently extinct mammals facts for kids
Recently extinct mammals are types of mammals that have completely disappeared from Earth since the year 1500. Since then, about 80 different kinds of mammals have gone extinct.
It can be tricky to know for sure if an animal species is truly extinct. Sometimes, even after a long time without seeing them, an animal thought to be gone might reappear! This is because it's hard to find animals when their homes are destroyed, as they might just be hiding from humans. For example, a study found that many mammals once thought to be extinct were actually rediscovered.
As of June 2023, many mammal species are still in great danger. About 27% of all mammal species are threatened with extinction.
Contents
What "Extinct" Means
When we talk about animals that are "extinct," it means there are no known living individuals left anywhere in the world. This is decided by a group called the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Sometimes, a species is "extinct in the wild." This means that all the remaining animals of that type only live in zoos or special protected areas, not in their natural homes.
If a species is listed as "possibly extinct," it means we don't know for sure if they are gone or if a few are still hiding somewhere. These species are usually in a "critically endangered" state, meaning they are very close to disappearing forever.
Why Mammals Go Extinct
Mammals go extinct for many reasons, but humans are often involved. Here are some of the main causes:
Loss of Homes
The biggest reason animals disappear today is because they lose their homes. This happens when humans change natural areas for their own needs.
- Farms and Cities: A lot of land is cleared for farming or for building cities and towns.
- Logging and Mining: Forests are cut down for wood, and land is dug up for minerals.
- Pollution: Poisons like pesticides can kill animals very quickly. These chemicals can also build up in the food chain, becoming more dangerous for animals higher up, like predators.
Diseases
Diseases can also wipe out animal populations. For example, a sickness called white-nose syndrome is causing a huge drop in bat numbers and could lead to some bat species disappearing.
Overhunting
Hunting too many animals can also lead to extinction.
- Land Animals: Animals like tigers and deer are hunted for their fur or meat.
- Sea Animals: Marine mammals are hunted for their oil and leather.
When one species is hunted too much, it can harm the whole ecosystem. If a "keystone species" (an animal that is super important to its environment) disappears, it can cause other animals to go extinct too. For example, sea otters were hunted a lot. When their numbers dropped, their main food source, sea urchins, grew too much. These sea urchins then ate too much kelp, which was the main food for Steller's sea cows. This chain reaction led to the extinction of the Steller's sea cow.
Australia's Unique Animals
Islands often have animals found nowhere else in the world. These animals are very sensitive to changes because they live in a small area and don't have large populations.
Australia is a huge continent, but it's also very isolated. This means it has many unique animals. Sadly, since Europeans settled there, Australia has lost many mammal species. About 10% of its land mammals have disappeared. This is a much higher rate than in North America. Also, 21% of Australia's mammals are currently threatened. Unlike other places, the main threat to Australian mammals is from wild cats that hunt them.
Mammals That Are Extinct
A species is declared extinct when experts are sure that the very last animal of that kind has died. The animals listed here have gone extinct since the year 1500.
Common name | Binomial name | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Broad-faced potoroo | Potorous platyops Gould, 1844 |
Diprotodontia | 1875 | Australia | ![]() |
Eastern hare wallaby | Lagorchestes leporides Gould, 1841 |
Diprotodontia | 1889 | ![]() Australia |
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Lake Mackay hare-wallaby | Lagorchestes asomatus Finlayson, 1943 |
Diprotodontia | 1932 | Australia | |
Desert rat-kangaroo | Caloprymnus campestris Gould, 1843 |
Diprotodontia | 1935 | ![]() Australia |
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Thylacine, or Tasmanian wolf/tiger |
Thylacinus cynocephalus Harris, 1808 |
Dasyuromorphia | 1936 | ![]() Australia, Tasmania |
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Toolache wallaby | Macropus greyi Waterhouse, 1846 |
Diprotodontia | 1939 | Australia | ![]() |
Desert bandicoot | Perameles eremiana Spencer, 1837 |
Peramelemorphia | 1943 | Australia | ![]() |
New South Wales barred bandicoot | Perameles fasciata Gray, 1841 |
Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century | Australia | ![]() |
Southwestern barred bandicoot | Perameles myosuros Wagner, 1841 |
Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century | Australia | ![]() |
Southern barred bandicoot | Perameles notina Thomas, 1922 |
Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century | Australia | |
Nullarbor barred bandicoot | Perameles papillon Travouillon & Phillips, 2018 |
Peramelemorphia | early 20th century | Australia | |
Lesser bilby, or Yallara |
Macrotis leucura Thomas, 1887 |
Peramelemorphia | 1960s | ![]() Australia |
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Southern pig-footed bandicoot | Chaeropus ecaudatus Ogilby, 1838 |
Peramelemorphia | 1950s | ![]() Australia |
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Northern pig-footed bandicoot | Chaeropus yirratji Travouillon et al., 2019 |
Peramelemorphia | 1950s | ![]() |
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Crescent nail-tail wallaby | Onychogalea lunata Gould, 1841 |
Diprotodontia | 1956 | Australia (western and central) | ![]() |
Red-bellied gracile opossum, or red-bellied gracile mouse opossum |
Cryptonanus ignitus Díaz, Flores and Barquez, 2002 |
Didelphimorphia | 1962 | Argentina | |
Nullarbor dwarf bettong | Bettongia pusilla McNamara, 1997 |
Diprotodontia | early 1500s | Australia (Nullarbor Plain) | |
Steller's sea cow | Hydrodamalis gigas von Zimmermann, 1780 |
Sirenia | 1768 | Commander Islands (Russia, United States) | ![]() |
Bramble Cay melomys | Melomys rubicola Thomas, 1924 |
Rodentia | 2016 | Australia (Bramble Cay) | ![]() |
Oriente cave rat | Boromys offella Miller, 1916 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Cuba | ![]() |
Torre's cave rat | Boromys torrei Allen, 1917 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Cuba | ![]() |
Imposter hutia | Hexolobodon phenax Miller, 1929 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Hispaniola (currently Haiti and the Dominican Republic) | |
Montane hutia | Isolobodon montanus Miller, 1922 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Hispaniola | |
Dwarf viscacha | Lagostomus crassus Thomas, 1910 |
Rodentia | early 1900s | Peru | |
Galápagos giant rat | Megaoryzomys curioi Niethammer, 1964 |
Rodentia | 1500s | Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos) | |
Cuban coney | Geocapromys columbianus Chapman, 1892 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Cuba | |
Hispaniolan edible rat | Brotomys voratus Miller, 1916 |
Rodentia | 1536–1546 | Hispaniola | |
Puerto Rican hutia | Isolobodon portoricensis Allen, 1916 |
Rodentia | early 1900s | Hispaniola; introduced to Puerto Rico, Saint Thomas Island, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands and Mona Island | |
Big-eared hopping mouse | Notomys macrotis Thomas, 1921 |
Rodentia | 1843 | Australia (central Western Australia) | |
Darling Downs hopping mouse | Notomys mordax Thomas, 1921 |
Rodentia | 1846 | Australia (Darling Downs, Queensland) | |
White-footed rabbit-rat | Conilurus albipes Lichtenstein, 1829 |
Rodentia | early 1860s | Australia (eastern coast) | ![]() |
Capricorn rabbit rat | Conilurus capricornensis Cramb and Hocknull, 2010 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Australia (Queensland) | |
Short-tailed hopping mouse | Notomys amplus Brazenor, 1936 |
Rodentia | 1896 | Australia (Great Sandy Desert) | |
Long-tailed hopping mouse | Notomys longicaudatus Gould, 1844 |
Rodentia | 1901 | Australia | ![]() |
Great hopping mouse | Notomys robustus Mahoney, Smith and Medlin, 2008 |
Rodentia | mid-1800s | Australia (Flinders Ranges and Davenport Ranges) | |
Desmarest's pilorie, or Martinique giant rice rat |
Megalomys desmarestii Fischer, 1829 |
Rodentia | 1902 | Martinique | ![]() |
Saint Lucia pilorie, or Saint Lucia giant rice rat |
Megalomys luciae Major, 1901 |
Rodentia | 1881 | Saint Lucia | ![]() |
Bulldog rat | Rattus nativitatis Thomas, 1888 |
Rodentia | 1903 | Christmas Island | ![]() |
Maclear's rat | Rattus macleari Thomas, 1887 |
Rodentia | 1903 | Christmas Island | ![]() |
Darwin's Galápagos mouse | Nesoryzomys darwini Osgood, 1929 |
Rodentia | 1930 | Galápagos Islands | |
Gould's mouse | Pseudomys gouldii Waterhouse, 1839 |
Rodentia | 1930 | Australia (southern half) | ![]() |
Plains rat, or Palyoora |
Pseudomys auritus Thomas, 1910 |
Rodentia | early 1800s | Australia (Kangaroo Island and the Younghusband Peninsula) | |
Pemberton's deer mouse | Peromyscus pembertoni Burt, 1932 |
Rodentia | 1931 | San Pedro Nolasco Island, Mexico | ![]() |
Samaná hutia | Plagiodontia ipnaeum Johnson, 1948 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Hispaniola | |
Hispaniola monkey | Antillothrix bernensis MacPhee, Horovitz, Arredondo, & Jimenez Vasquez, 1995 |
Primates | early 16th century | Hispaniola (currently Dominican Republic) | |
Lesser stick-nest rat, or white-tipped stick-nest rat |
Leporillus apicalis John Gould, 1854 |
Rodentia | 1933 | Australia (west-central) | ![]() |
Indefatigable Galápagos mouse | Nesoryzomys indefessus Thomas, 1899 |
Rodentia | 1934 | Galápagos Islands | |
Little Swan Island hutia | Geocapromys thoracatus True, 1888 |
Rodentia | 1955 | Swan Islands, Honduras | |
Blue-gray mouse | Pseudomys glaucus Thomas, 1910 |
Rodentia | 1956 | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) | |
Buhler's coryphomys or Buhler's rat |
Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | West Timor, Indonesia | |
Insular cave rat | Heteropsomys insulans Anthony, 1916 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Vieques Island, Puerto Rico | |
Candango mouse | Juscelinomys candango Moojen, 1965 |
Rodentia | 1960 | Central Brazil | ![]() |
Anthony's woodrat | Neotoma anthonyi Allen, 1898 |
Rodentia | 1926 | Isla Todos Santos, Mexico | |
Bunker's woodrat | Neotoma bunkeri Burt, 1932 |
Rodentia | 1931 | Coronado Islands, Mexico | |
Vespucci's rodent | Noronhomys vespuccii Carleton and Olson, 1999 |
Rodentia | 1500 | Fernando de Noronha, Brazil | |
St. Vincent colilargo, or St. Vincent pygmy rice rat |
Oligoryzomys victus Thomas, 1898 |
Rodentia | 1892 | Saint Vincent | |
Jamaican rice rat | Oryzomys antillarum Thomas, 1898 |
Rodentia | 1877 | Jamaica | ![]() |
Nelson's rice rat | Oryzomys nelsoni Merriam, 1889 |
Rodentia | 1897 | Islas Marías, Mexico | ![]() |
Nevis rice rat, or St. Eustatius rice rat, St. Kitts rice rat |
Pennatomys nivalis Turvey, Weksler, Morris, and Nokkert, 2010 |
Rodentia | early 1500s | Sint Eustatius and Saint Kitts and Nevis | ![]() |
Christmas Island pipistrelle | Pipistrellus murrayi Andrews, 1900 |
Chiroptera | 2009 | Christmas Island | |
Sardinian pika | Prolagus sardus Wagner, 1832 |
Lagomorpha | 1774 | Corsica and Sardinia | ![]() |
Marcano's solenodon | Solenodon marcanoi Patterson, 1962 |
Eulipotyphla | 1500s | Dominican Republic | |
Puerto Rican nesophontes | Nesophontes edithae Anthony, 1916 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s | Puerto Rico, Vieques Island, Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands | ![]() |
Atalaye nesophontes | Nesophontes hypomicrus Miller, 1929 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s | Hispaniola | |
Greater Cuban nesophontes | Nesophontes major Arredondo, 1970 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s | Cuba | |
Western Cuban nesophontes | Nesophontes micrus Allen, 1917 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s | Cuba (including Isla de la Juventud) | |
St. Michel nesophontes | Nesophontes paramicrus Miller, 1929 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s | Hispaniola | |
Haitian nesophontes | Nesophontes zamicrus Miller, 1929 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s | Haiti | |
Lesser Mascarene flying fox, or dark flying fox |
Pteropus subniger kerr, 1792 |
Chiroptera | 1864 | Réunion, Mauritius | ![]() |
Guam flying fox, or Guam fruit bat |
Pteropus tokudae Tate, 1934 |
Chiroptera | 1968 | Guam | |
Dusky flying fox, or Percy Island flying fox |
Pteropus brunneus Dobson, 1878 |
Chiroptera | 1870 | Percy Islands (Australia) | |
Large Palau flying fox | Pteropus pilosus Andersen, 1908 |
Chiroptera | 1874 | Palau | |
Large sloth lemur | Palaeopropithecus ingens Grandidier, 1899 |
Primates | 1620 | ![]() In green |
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Aurochs | Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 |
Artiodactyla | 1627 | ![]() |
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Bluebuck | Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas, 1766 |
Artiodactyla | 1800 | ![]() |
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Red gazelle | Eudorcas rufina Thomas, 1894 |
Artiodactyla | late 1800s | Algeria | ![]() |
Schomburgk's deer | Rucervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863 |
Artiodactyla | 1932 | Thailand | ![]() |
Queen of Sheba's gazelle, or Yemen gazelle |
Gazella bilkis Grover and Lay, 1985 |
Artiodactyla | 1951 | Yemen | |
Madagascan dwarf hippopotamus | Hippopotamus lemerlei Milne-Edwards, 1868 |
Artiodactyla | early 1500s | Madagascar | ![]() |
Falkland Islands wolf or warrah | Dusicyon australis Kerr, 1792 |
Carnivora | 1876 | Falkland Islands | ![]() |
Dusicyon avus | Dusicyon avus Burmeister, 1866 |
Carnivora | early 1500s | Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay | |
Sea mink | Neogale macrodon Prentiss, 1903 |
Carnivora | 1894 | United States (Maine, Massachusetts) and Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland) | |
Japanese sea lion | Zalophus japonicus Peters, 1866 |
Carnivora | 1970s | Japan, Korea, Russia | |
Caribbean monk seal | Neomonachus tropicalis Gray, 1850 |
Carnivora | 1952 | Caribbean Sea | ![]() |
Giant fossa | Cryptoprocta spelea Grandidier, 1902 |
Carnivora | before 1658 | ![]() |
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Lord Howe long-eared bat | Nyctophilus howensis McKean, 1975 |
Chiroptera | prior to 1972 | Lord Howe Island, Australia |
Extinct Subspecies
Sometimes, a specific type or "subspecies" of an animal goes extinct, even if the main species still exists. Here are some examples:
Common name | Binomial name | Species | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mississippi Valley wolf | Canis rufus gregoryi Goldman, 1937 |
Red wolf (Canis rufus) | Carnivora | 1980 | North America | |
Caucasian wisent | Bison bonasus caucasicus Turkin and Satunin, 1904 |
European bison (Bison bonasus) | Artiodactyla | 1927 | Europe | ![]() |
Carpathian wisent | Bison bonasus hungarorum Kretzoi, 1946 |
European bison (Bison bonasus) | Artiodactyla | 1852 | Europe | |
Quagga | Equus quagga quagga Boddaert, 1785 |
Plains zebra (Equus quagga) | Perissodactyla | 1883 | Africa | ![]() |
Japanese wolf | Canis lupus hodophilax Temminick 1839 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1905 | Asia | ![]() |
Hokkaido wolf | Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1889 | Asia | ![]() |
Atlas bear | Ursus arctos crowtheri Schinz, 1844 |
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | Carnivora | 1890 | Africa | ![]() |
Bali tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica Shwarz,1912 |
Tiger (Panthera tigris) | Carnivora | 1950s | Asia | ![]() |
Caspian tiger | Panthera tigris tigris Illiger, 1815 |
Tiger (Panthera tigris) | Carnivora | 1970s | Asia | ![]() |
Javan tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica Temminick, 1844 |
Tiger (Panthera tigris) | Carnivora | 1980s | Asia | ![]() |
Bubal hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 |
Hartebeest (Alcephalus buselaphus) | Artiodactyla | 1925 | Africa | ![]() |
Portuguese ibex | Capra pyrenaica lusitanica Schlegel, 1872 |
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) | Artiodactyla | 1892 | Europe | ![]() |
Pyrenean ibex | Capra pyrenaica pyreneica Schinz, 1838 |
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) | Artiodactyla | 2000 | Europe | ![]() |
Western black rhinoceros | Diceros bicornis longipes Zukowsky, 1999 |
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) | Artiodactyla | 2011 | Africa | ![]() |
Cape lion | Panthera leo melanochaita Smith, 1842 |
Lion (Panthera leo) | Carnivora | mid 19th century | Africa | ![]() |
Barbary lion | Panthera leo leo Linnaeus, 1758 |
Lion (Panthera leo) | Carnivora | 1960s | Africa | ![]() |
Southern Rocky Mountain wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1935 | North America | ![]() |
Kenai Peninsula wolf | Canis lupus occidentalis Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1925 | North America | ![]() |
Banks Island wolf | Canis lupus arctos Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1952 | North America | ![]() |
Newfoundland wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1911 | North America | ![]() |
Florida black wolf | Canis rufus floridanus Miller, 1912 |
Red wolf (Canis rufus) | Carnivora | 1934 | North America | ![]() |
Cascade Mountains wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1944 | North America | ![]() |
Mogollon mountain wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1970s | North America | ![]() |
Texas wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 19th century | North America | ![]() |
Sicilian wolf | Canis lupus cristaldii Angelici and Rossi, 2018 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus) | Carnivora | 1924 | Europe | ![]() |
Mexican grizzly bear | Ursus arctos nelsoni Merriam, 1914 |
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | Carnivora | 1965 | North America | ![]() |
California grizzly bear | Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896 |
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | Carnivora | 1924 | North America | ![]() |
Tarpan | Equus ferus ferus Boddaert, 1785 |
Wild horse (Equus ferus) | Perissodactyla | 1909 | Europe | ![]() |
Mammals Extinct in the Wild
These mammals no longer live freely in nature. They only exist in places like zoos or special breeding centers.
Common name | Binomial name | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Père David's deer | Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866 |
Artiodactyla | 1939 | China | ![]() |
Scimitar oryx | Oryx dammah Cretzschmar, 1827 |
Artiodactyla | 2000 | Sahara Desert | ![]() |
Mammals Possibly Extinct
It's hard to know for sure if an animal species is truly extinct. Sometimes, even after a long time without seeing them, an animal thought to be gone might reappear! For example, a study found that many mammals once thought to be extinct were actually rediscovered. As of December 2015, the IUCN listed 30 mammal species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)."
Common name | Binomial name | Order | Last confirmed sighting | Range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kouprey, or Forest ox |
Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937 |
Artiodactyla | 1988 | ![]() |
|
Garrido's hutia | Capromys garridoi Varona, 1970 |
Rodentia | 1989 | Cayo Maja, Cuba | |
Christmas Island shrew | Crocidura trichura Dobson, 1889 |
Eulipotyphla | 1985 | ![]() |
|
Wimmer's shrew | Crocidura wimmeri de Balsac and Aellen, 1958 |
Eulipotyphla | 1976 | ![]() |
|
Baiji, or Yangtze river dolphin |
Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918 |
Cetacea | 2002 | ![]() |
|
Zuniga's dark rice rat | Melanomys zunigae Sanborn |
Rodentia | 1949 | Peru | |
Dwarf hutia | Mesocapromys nanus Allen, 1917 |
Rodentia | 1937 | Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba |
|
San Felipe hutia, or Little earth hutia |
Mesocapromys sanfelipensis Varona & Garrido, 1970 |
Rodentia | 1978 | Cuba | |
One-striped opossum | Monodelphis unistriata Wagner, 1842 |
Didelphimorphia | 1899 | ![]() |
|
Gloomy tube-nosed bat | Murina tenebrosa Yoshiyuki, 1970 |
Chiroptera | 1962 | Tsushima Island and possibly Yaku Island, Japan |
|
New Zealand greater short-tailed bat | Mystacina robusta Dwyer, 1962 |
Chiroptera | 1967 | Taukihepa / Big South Cape Island, New Zealand | ![]() |
Ethiopian amphibious rat, or Ethiopian water mouse |
Nilopegamys plumbeus Osgood, 1928 |
Rodentia | 1920s | Mouth of the Lesser Abay River, Ethiopia |
|
Angel Island mouse | Peromyscus guardia Townsend, 1912 |
Rodentia | 1991 | Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Mexico |
|
Puebla deer mouse | Peromyscus mekisturus Merriam, 1898 |
Rodentia | 1950s | Ciudad Serdan and Tehuacán, Mexico |
|
Telefomin cuscus | Phalanger matanim Flannery, 1987 |
Diprotodontia | 1997 | ![]() |
|
Montane monkey-faced bat | Pteralopex pulchra Flannery, 1991 |
Chiroptera | 1990s | ![]() |
|
Aru flying fox | Pteropus aruensis Peter, 1867 |
Chiroptera | 1877 | ![]() |
|
Emma's giant rat | Uromys emmae Groves and Flannery, 1994 |
Rodentia | 1990s | Papua Province, Indonesia |
|
Emperor rat | Uromys imperator Thomas, 1888 |
Rodentia | 1888 | Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands |
|
Guadalcanal rat | Uromys porculus Thomas, 1904 |
Rodentia | 1888 | Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands |
|
Malabar large-spotted civet, or Malabar civet |
Viverra civettina Blyth, 1862 |
Carnivora | late 1900s | ![]() |
See also
In Spanish: Anexo:Mamíferos extintos en época histórica para niños
- Holocene extinction
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct birds
- Lists of mammals by population