List of wars involving England facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts

The Kingdom of England was involved in many wars before it joined with Scotland to form Great Britain in 1707. This list tells you about these conflicts.

English victory - England won!
English defeat - England lost.
Another result * - The war ended without a clear winner, or it was a fight within England.

*For example, a peace treaty, things went back to how they were before, or the result was unknown.

Wars in the 10th and 11th Centuries
Wars in the 12th Century
Wars in the 13th Century
Wars in the 14th Century
Wars in the 15th Century
Wars in the 16th Century
Wars in the 17th Century
Wars in the 18th Century
Civil Wars and Revolutions in England
See also

Wars in the 10th and 11th Centuries

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
927	937	Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland	England Deheubarth Gwynedd Kingdom of Gwent Brycheiniog	Scotland Norse-Gaels Kingdom of Strathclyde Kingdom of Dublin	No clear winner Things went back to how they were before.
946	954	Northumbria's fight for freedom	England Earl of Bamburgh	Northumbria	England won! Northumbria became part of the Kingdom of England.
1016	1016	Cnut the Great's invasion of England	England Edmund II Eadnoth the Younger † Ulfcytel Snillingr †	Kingdom of Denmark Cnut the Great	England lost. King Edmund gave almost all of England to Cnut. After Edmund died, Cnut became the only King of England. Denmark and England were ruled by the same king.
1066	1088	Norman Conquest of England	England Harold Godwinson † Gyrth Godwinson † Leofwine Godwinson †	Duchy of Normandy William of Normandy Alan the Red William fitzOsbern Eustace II, Count of Boulogne	England lost. The Normans won. England became part of the Duchy of Normandy.
1067	1081	Norman invasion of Wales	England	Welsh kingdoms	England lost. The Normans had to leave Wales.
1075	1075	Revolt of the Earls	William I of England	Three earls: Ralph de Gael Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumberland	A fight within England, William won. Waltheof was executed. Roger lost his lands and was imprisoned. Ralph was sent out of England.
1096	1099	First Crusade	England Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Duchy of Apulia Byzantine Empire Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	Great Seljuq Empire Danishmends Fatimid Caliphate Almoravids Abbasids	Victory! The city of Nicaea was taken back. New Crusader States were formed.

Wars in the 12th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
1145	1149	Second Crusade	England (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of Jerusalem (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of France (Iberian and Holy Land Crusade) Holy Roman Empire (Wendish and Holy Land Crusade) Kingdom of Portugal (Iberian Crusade) Castile (Iberian Crusade) County of Barcelona (Iberian Crusade) León (Iberian Crusade) Byzantine Empire (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of Denmark (Wendish Crusade) Duchy of Poland (Wendish Crusade) Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade)	Sultanate of Rum (Holy Land Crusade) Almoravids (Iberian Crusade) Almohads (Iberian Crusade) Zengids (Holy Land Crusade) Abbasids (Holy Land Crusade) Fatimids (Holy Land Crusade) Obotrite Confederacy (Wendish Crusade)	Crusaders partly won. Crusaders won in Spain and against the Wends. Muslims won in the Holy Land.
1189	1192	Third Crusade	England (Holy land Crusade) Kingdom of Jerusalem France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary	Ayyubids Zengids Sultanate of Rum Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Sicily	Crusaders partly won. A peace treaty was signed.

Wars in the 13th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
1202	1204	French invasion of Normandy (1202–1204)	England	France	England lost. England lost important lands like Normandy and Maine to France.
1209	1229	Albigensian Crusade	Crusaders Kingdom of France English volunteers Papal States Duchy of Austria	Cathars County of Toulouse Crown of Aragon	Crusaders won!
1213	1214	Anglo-French War (1213–1214)	England Holy Roman Empire County of Flanders County of Boulogne	France	England lost. The English empire in France fell apart.
1230	1230	English invasion of France (1230)	England	France	England lost. English forces left France.
1239	1241	Barons' Crusade	England France Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Jerusalem	Ayyubids	Crusaders won through talks.
1242	1242	Saintonge War	England	France	England lost.
1271	1272	Ninth Crusade	England Kingdom of Cyprus Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Tripoli Ilkhanate Armenian Cilicia	Mamluks	No clear winner. Things went back to how they were before.
1277	1283	Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England	England	Principality of Wales	England won!
1294	1303	Anglo-French War	England	France	England lost. A peace treaty was signed, and things went back to how they were before.
1296	1328	First War of Scottish Independence	England	Kingdom of Scotland France Connacht Thomond Uí Maine Tyrconnell Breifne O'Rourke Oriel Desmond Magh Luirg	England lost.

Wars in the 14th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	1324	1324	War of Saint-Sardos	England	What Happened	France	England lost.
1332	1357	Second War of Scottish Independence	England	Kingdom of Scotland France	England lost.
1337	1453	Hundred Years' War	England Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Brittany (Montfort) Portugal Navarre Flanders Hainaut Luxembourg Holy Roman Empire	France Castile Scotland Genoa Majorca Bohemia Aragon Brittany (Blois)	Overall French victory. Edwardian War: England won. Caroline War: France won. Lancastrian War: France won.
1351	1369	Castilian Civil War	England Forces of Peter of Castile Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Majorca Kingdom of Granada Duchy of Aquitaine Other European mercenaries	Forces of Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	England's allies lost. Henry of Trastámara and his friends won.
1377	1575	Anglo-Scottish Wars	England	Scotland	No clear winner.
1381	1382	Third Ferdinand War	England Portugal	Castile	England lost.
1383	1385	1383–85 Crisis	England Portugal	Crown of Castile Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	Victory!

Wars in the 15th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	1470	1474	Anglo-Hanseatic War	England	What Happened	Hanseatic League	England lost, the Hanseatic League won.
1496	1498	Italian War of 1494–1498	League of Venice: Papal States Republic of Venice Kingdom of Naples Kingdoms of Spain Duchy of Milan Holy Roman Empire Republic of Florence Duchy of Mantua England (from 1496)	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries	Victory! The French had to leave.

Wars in the 16th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	1512	1514	War of the League of Cambrai	England Papal States Venice Holy Roman Empire Spain Swiss mercenaries	What Happened	France Duchy of Ferrara Scotland	England lost, France and Venice won.
1522	1525	Italian War of 1521–26	England Papal States Holy Roman Empire Spain	France Venice	Victory!
1528	1529	War of the League of Cognac	England France Papal States Venice Florence Duchy of Milan	Spain Holy Roman Empire Republic of Genoa	England lost, the Spanish and Holy Roman Empire won.
1542	1546	Italian War of 1542–46	England Holy Roman Empire Spain Saxony Brandenburg	France Ottoman Empire Jülich-Cleves-Berg	No clear result.
1543	1550	Rough Wooing	England	Scotland France	England lost, France and Scotland won.
1556	1559	Italian War of 1551–59 Anglo-French War (1557-1559)	England Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Florence Duchy of Savoy	France Republic of Siena Ottoman Empire	England lost, and lost the city of Calais.
1562	1563	English expedition to France (1562-1563)	England Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise)	France	England lost. Queen Elizabeth I accepted French rule over Calais.
1562	1598	French Wars of Religion	Protestants: Huguenots England	Catholics: Catholic League Spain Duchy of Savoy	Victory! Protestants gained rights in some areas. France's enemies failed to weaken France.
1566	1648	Eighty Years' War	England Dutch Republic France Huguenots German Protestants	Holy Roman Empire Spain	Victory! The Netherlands became independent.
1569	1573	First Desmond Rebellion	England Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans	FitzGeralds of Desmond allied Irish clans	Victory! Led to the Second Desmond Rebellion.
1579	1583	Second Desmond Rebellion	England Kingdom of Ireland allied Irish clans	FitzGeralds of Desmond Spain Papal States allied Irish clans	Victory! A famine happened in Munster. New English settlements were made in Munster.
1580	1583	War of the Portuguese Succession	England Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato France United Provinces	Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain	England lost. Spain won a clear victory. Philip II of Spain became King of Portugal.
1585	1604	Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)	England United Provinces France Portuguese loyal to Prior of Crato French Huguenot forces	Spain Portugal under Philip of Spain French Catholic League Irish alliance Order of Saint John	No clear winner. Things went back to how they were before. A peace treaty was signed in London.
1594	1603	Nine Years' War (Ireland)	England Kingdom of Ireland	Alliance of Irish clans Spain Scottish Gaelic mercenaries	Victory! A peace treaty was signed. Many Irish lords left Ireland.

Wars in the 17th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	1602	1661	Dutch-Portuguese War	Dutch Republic England (until 1640) Johor Sultanate Kingdom of Kandy Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo	What Happened	Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Potiguara Tupis	No clear winner. A treaty was signed. The Dutch gained power in the East. The Portuguese won in South America and Africa.
1625	1630	Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)	England Support: United Provinces	Spain	Things went back to how they were before. Spain signed a peace treaty with England. England stopped supporting the Dutch Republic due to money problems.
1627	1629	Anglo-French War (1627–1629)	England	France	Things went back to how they were before. Treaties were signed.
1640	1668	Portuguese Restoration War	Kingdom of Portugal France England	Crown of Spain	Victory! A treaty was signed, and Spain recognized Portugal's independence.
1652	1654	First Anglo-Dutch War	Commonwealth of England	Dutch Republic	Victory! A peace treaty was signed.
1654	1660	Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)	Commonwealth of England France (1657–59)	Spain Royalists of the British Isles	Victory! England gained Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk, and Mardyck.
1661	1665	Dano-Dutch War	England Denmark–Norway	Dutch Republic	Victory! Cape Coast was conquered.
1665	1667	Second Anglo-Dutch War	England Bishopric of Münster	Dutch Republic Denmark France	England lost. A treaty was signed.
1672	1674	Third Anglo-Dutch War	England France Bishopric of Münster Electorate of Cologne	Dutch Republic Denmark-Norway	No clear result. Things went back to how they were before. A peace treaty was signed.
1672	1678	Franco-Dutch War	England (1672–74) France Münster (1672–1674) Cologne (1672–1674) Swedish Empire (from 1674)	England (1678) Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire (from 1673) Spain (from 1673) Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673) Lorraine (from 1673) Denmark–Norway (from 1674)	France gained a lot of land. Treaties were signed. Franche-Comté and Spanish Netherlands cities were given to France.
1686	1690	Anglo-Mughal War	England East India Company	Mughal Empire	England lost. The Mughal Empire won. The British East India Company had to pay a fine.
1687	1688	Anglo-Siamese War	England East India Company	Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam) (English sailors doing piracy without permission) • English defectors	No clear result. English trade was stopped in Siam. A coup in 1688 closed all official European trade in Siam for 150 years.
1688	1697	Nine Years' War	Grand Alliance: Dutch Republic England Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Swedish Empire (until 1691) Scotland	France Jacobites	Victory! A treaty was signed. The French king recognized William III as King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Wars in the 18th Century

Started	Ended	Name of the War	Who Fought		England & Friends	England's Enemies	What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the War	1700	1721	The Great Northern War	England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) Swedish Empire Ottoman Empire United Provinces Brunswick-Lüneburg	What Happened	Tsardom of Russia Kalmyk Khanate Cossack Hetmanate Denmark–Norway Electorate of Saxony Poland–Lithuania Prussia Hanover	No clear result for England. Britain didn't gain or lose anything and left the war early due to money problems. Russia became a new powerful country in Europe.
1701	1714	War of the Spanish Succession	England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707) Austrian monarchy Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Piedmont-Savoy Prussia Habsburg Spain Kingdom of Portugal	France Spanish monarchy Bavaria (~1704) Cologne Mantua (~1708)	Victory! A treaty was signed. Philip V was recognized as King of Spain. Spain gave lands to Austria and Savoy. Britain gained Gibraltar, Menorca, Rupert's Land, Newfoundland, and part of Saint Kitts.

Civil Wars and Revolutions in England

Started	Ended	Name of the Conflict	Who Fought		English Government	Rebels	What Happened
Started	Ended	Name of the Conflict	1069	1070	Harrying of the North	William I of England	What Happened	House of Wessex Kingdom of Denmark Anglo-Saxons Anglo-Scandinavians	A fight within England, William won. This was an uprising after the Norman Conquest. William the Conqueror stopped the rebellion by destroying lands in the north, causing many people to suffer from hunger.
1070	1071	Ely Rebellion	William I of England	King of Denmark Sweyn II Hereward the Wake Morcar Bishop Aethelwine of Durham	A fight within England, William won. Rebels gathered on the Isle of Ely, but William eventually took control.
1088	1088	Rebellion of 1088	England William Rufus	Duchy of Normandy Robert Curthose	A fight within England, William Rufus won.
1135	1154	The Anarchy	Supporters of Stephen of Blois	Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle	Civil War. A treaty was signed. Henry would become King of England after Stephen died.
1173	1174	Revolt of 1173–74	English royalists	English rebels Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland County of Flanders County of Boulogne Duchy of Brittany	A fight within England. A treaty was signed. Scotland gave castles to England. William the Lion had to accept Henry II's rule.
1215	1217	First Barons' War	England Pro-Angevin forces	Rebel Barons France Kingdom of Scotland	Civil War, the King's side won. A treaty was signed. The Magna Carta, a famous document about rights, was restored.
1264	1267	Second Barons' War	English royalists	Rebel barons	Civil War, the King's side won. King Henry III was captured but later restored to power. A peace treaty was agreed. The Magna Carta was legally confirmed.
1264	1267	Welsh Uprising (1282)	English royalists	Dafydd ap Gruffydd	A fight within England, the King's side won.
1321	1322	Despenser War	England Edward II Hugh Despenser the Elder Hugh Despenser the Younger Earl of Pembroke Andrew Harclay	Contrariants Marcher Lords Earl of Lancaster Roger Mortimer Earl of Hereford † Supported by: Kingdom of Scotland	Civil War, the King won clearly. Rebels were executed. The King's power became stronger.
1326	1326	Invasion of England (1326)	Royal government Edward II (POW) Hugh Despenser the Younger Hugh Despenser the Elder Earl of Arundel	Contrariants Supported by: County of Hainaut Isabella of France Roger Mortimer Earl of Leicester Earl of Norfolk Earl of Kent	Civil War, the rebels won. This war led to the execution of the Despensers. King Edward II gave up his throne for his son, Edward III. Edward II likely died because of Isabella and Mortimer.
1381	1381	Peasants' Revolt	Royal government	Rebel forces	A fight within England, the King's government won. Most rebel leaders were executed. No more poll taxes were tried by Parliament.
1400	1415	Glyndŵr Rising Part of the Hundred Years' War	England	Welsh rebels Kingdom of France	A fight within England, England won completely.
1455	1485	Wars of the Roses	House of York Supported by: Burgundian State Lordship of Ireland Duchy of Brittany	House of Lancaster House of Tudor Supported by: Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland Principality of Wales Duchy of Brittany Yorkist rebels	Civil War, the House of Lancaster and their allies won. The Plantagenet family stopped ruling England. The Tudor family took over the throne. This marked the end of the Middle Ages in England.
1497	1497	Cornish Rebellion of 1497	England Henry VII Giles, Lord Daubeny	Cornish rebels James, Baron Audley Thomas Flamank Michael An Gof	A fight within England, England won.
1549	1549	Prayer Book Rebellion	England Edward VI Edward Seymour John Russell Anthony Kingston William Francis	Southwestern Catholic Rebels Sir Humphrey Arundell John Winslade John Bury Robert Welch, Vicar of St Thomas, Exeter	A fight within England, Edward's side won. The rebellion was stopped. Rebel leaders were executed.
1639	1651	Wars of the Three Kingdoms	Royalists Confederates	Parliamentarians Scottish Covenanters	Civil War, Parliamentarians won. Bishops' Wars (1639-1640): Scottish Covenanters defeated the Royalists and England. Irish Rebellion of 1641: The Irish Catholic Confederation was formed. First English Civil War (1642–46): Parliamentarians and Scottish Covenanters defeated the Royalists. Irish Confederate Wars (1642–48): Parliamentarians conquered Ireland. Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47): Covenanters defeated Royalists and Irish Confederation. Second English Civil War (1648): English Parliamentarians won. King Charles I was executed. England became a republic under Oliver Cromwell. Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649): English Parliamentarians won. Third English Civil War (1650–1652): The Commonwealth of England won, and Scotland became part of it.
1685	1685	Monmouth Rebellion	Royal army of James II	Rebel army of Duke of Monmouth	A fight within England, James II won.
1688	1689	Glorious Revolution	James II	William of Orange Dutch military forces British military forces	A fight within England. James II was replaced as king by his daughter Mary II and her husband William III.
1689	1746	Jacobite Rebellions	England (until 1707) Great Britain (from 1707)	Jacobites	Civil War, the Royalists won. Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91): The last battle between two people claiming the throne. Other Jacobite uprisings in 1689, 1715, 1719, and 1745 were defeated.