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List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Naumkeag (Stockbridge, MA) - general view
Naumkeag, an estate in Stockbridge designed by Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White in 1885 for Joseph Hodges Choate

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has a total of 192 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) within its borders. This is the second highest statewide total in the United States after New York, which has more than 250. Of the Massachusetts NHLs, 57 are in the state capital of Boston, and are listed separately. Ten of the remaining 134 designations were made when the NHL program was formally inaugurated on October 9, 1960; the most recent were in 2021. Cambridge is the city with the most NHLs outside Boston (at 19), and Middlesex County is home to 43 NHLs (again outside the 58 from Boston, which comprise all but two of the NHLs in Suffolk County). Every county in the state has at least one NHL (Franklin County has exactly one, the Old Deerfield Historic District).

The state's NHLs were chosen for a diversity of reasons. Some of the nation's oldest surviving structures are included: a number of 17th-century houses are listed, including the Fairbanks House (late 1630s) of Dedham, which is the oldest timber-frame house in the nation. The Old Ship Church (1681) of Hingham is the nation's oldest church still used for religious purposes, and Cole's Hill in Plymouth was used in 1620 as a burial ground for the Plymouth Colony. The Nauset Archeological District documents early contact between Europeans and Native Americans, and the Old Deerfield Historic District encompasses a well-preserved colonial frontier village.

Sites associated with the American Revolution and people of the time are on the list. The Lexington Green, Buckman Tavern, and the Hancock-Clarke House all played roles in the Battles of Lexington and Concord that began the American Revolutionary War, as did Wright's Tavern in Concord. The homes of Continental Army generals Benjamin Lincoln, John Glover, and Rufus Putnam are listed. Properties occupied by army officers during the Siege of Boston include the Longfellow House (occupied by George Washington and purchased by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow in part because of that association), and the Isaac Royall House.

In addition to the Longfellow site, there are numerous NHLs with literary and artistic connections. Arrowhead in the Berkshires was where Herman Melville did much of his writing, and Concord is home to Walden Pond, the Ralph Waldo Emerson House, The Old Manse (home to Ralph Waldo Emerson's grandfather), Orchard House (childhood home to Louisa May Alcott), and The Wayside (home to Nathaniel Hawthorne). Hawthorne is also represented by the House of Seven Gables district of Salem, which includes his birthplace. Other literary landmarks include the John Greenleaf Whittier House, The Mount (Edith Wharton's Lenox estate), and Redtop, the Belmont home of William Dean Howells which was the site of many literary gatherings.

Scientific and academic pursuits are represented in the list. Homes of mathematicians, scientists, and researchers appear on the list, as do sites noted for the events that took place there. The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory in Milton is home to the nation's longest continuous weather record, and the Goddard Rocket Launching Site in Auburn was where rocketry pioneer Robert H. Goddard performed some of his tests.

National Historic Landmarks

# National Historic Landmark
#+ National Historic Landmark District
#* National Historic Site
Landmark name Image Date designated Location County Description
1 Adams Academy
A building of stone and brick, with three steep gables and a slate roof. The central bay has an arched entrance. A sign to the left reads "Quincy Historical Society; Museum and Library".
April 19, 1994
(#74000379)
Quincy
42°15′15″N 71°00′21″W / 42.2541°N 71.0059°W / 42.2541; -71.0059 (Adams Academy)
Norfolk High Gothic building, built in 1871 to a design by William Robert Ware and Henry Van Brunt, for a preparatory school funded with a bequest of John Adams.
2 John Adams Birthplace
A simple brown saltbox house with a central chimney stands behind a rough stone wall.
December 19, 1960
(#66000129)
Quincy
42°14′20″N 71°00′13″W / 42.2390°N 71.0035°W / 42.2390; -71.0035 (John Adams Birthplace)
Norfolk This is the house in which United States President John Adams was born on October 30, 1735. It is now part of the Adams National Historical Park.
3 John Quincy Adams Birthplace
A gray saltbox with white trim is seen at an angle from the rear. A low stone wall stands in the foreground.
December 19, 1960
(#66000128)
Quincy
42°14′22″N 71°00′12″W / 42.2394°N 71.0034°W / 42.2394; -71.0034 (John Quincy Adams Birthplace)
Norfolk President John Quincy Adams was born in this house, which is adjacent to the John Adams Birthplace; it is also part of the Adams National Historical Park.
4 Adventure
Adventure is a long black ship with three masts. She sits relatively low to the water, anchored at a berth in front of other smaller ships, and land rising in the background.
April 19, 1994
(#89002054)
Gloucester
42°36′32″N 70°39′21″W / 42.6089°N 70.6559°W / 42.6089; -70.6559 (Adventure)
Essex This schooner is one of the last surviving Gloucester-based Grand Banks fishing schooners, and one of only two surviving "knockabout" fishing schooners.
5 John and Priscilla Alden Family Sites
A traditional 2-story colonial-style house, with weathered cedar shake siding and roofing. A woman stands near the entrance.
October 6, 2008
(#78000476)
Duxbury
42°02′42″N 70°41′09″W / 42.04495°N 70.6858°W / 42.04495; -70.6858 (John and Priscilla Alden Family Sites)
Plymouth These two sites in Duxbury are associated with John and Priscilla Alden, who were the inspiration for Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's The Courtship of Miles Standish.
6 American Antiquarian Society
A brick building with white trim stands up the hill. Its entry is pillared and it has a dome with a small wing extending forward. The building extends behind and left of the dome with additional side wings.
October 18, 1968
(#68000018)
Worcester
42°16′41″N 71°48′35″W / 42.2780°N 71.8098°W / 42.2780; -71.8098 (American Antiquarian Society)
Worcester This 1910 Georgian Revival building houses the American Antiquarian Society, the third oldest (1812) historical society in the United States and the first to be national in scope.
7 Arrowhead (Herman Melville House)
A two-story colonial-style house, painted yellow with brown trim. A porch with benches on it is off the right side of the house.
December 29, 1962
(#66000126)
Pittsfield
42°24′55″N 73°14′56″W / 42.4154°N 73.2488°W / 42.4154; -73.2488 (Arrowhead (Herman Melville House))
Berkshire This 18th-century farmhouse was the home of author Herman Melville (1819–91) during his most productive years from 1850 to 1863. He wrote several novels here, including Moby-Dick, as well as short stories, magazine stories and poetry. The house is now a museum.
8 Maria Baldwin House
A two-story two family residence, with side-by-side entrances in the center of the building. The right side is blue with white trim, and the left is brown with white trim. The right side paint job is in better condition than that of the left. The entrances have pillared porches covering the landing in front of the doors.
May 11, 1976
(#76000272)
Cambridge
42°22′12″N 71°06′01″W / 42.3701°N 71.1004°W / 42.3701; -71.1004 (Maria Baldwin House)
Middlesex This 19th century duplex was the home of educator Maria Louise Baldwin (1856–1922), the first female African-American principal of a school in New England.
9 Beauport
A stone and wooden house with a wooden roof stands behind a garden with plants wrapped in burlap for the winter. The land slopes down to water behind the house.
May 27, 2003
(#03000641)
Gloucester
42°35′28″N 70°39′38″W / 42.5911°N 70.6606°W / 42.5911; -70.6606 (Beauport)
Essex Seminal interior designer and decorator Henry Davis Sleeper (1878–1934) used this Shingle-style as a showcase of his work. It is owned by Historic New England and operated as a museum.
10 Edward Bellamy House
A two-story house with a porch in front. The house is light tan with darker trim, and has a circular window in the gable end above the second floor.
November 11, 1971
(#71000091)
Chicopee Falls
42°09′22″N 72°35′03″W / 42.1561°N 72.5841°W / 42.1561; -72.5841 (Edward Bellamy House)
Hampden This was the longtime home of journalist and social activist Edward Bellamy (1850–98), author of the utopian novel Looking Backward.
11 George D. Birkhoff House
A green three-story house with a mansard roof and small gabled dormers. A small porch protects the entry.
January 15, 1975
(#75000295)
Cambridge
42°22′42″N 71°07′43″W / 42.3783°N 71.1287°W / 42.3783; -71.1287 (George D. Birkhoff House)
Middlesex This house was the home of George David Birkhoff (1884–1944), a leading mathematician of the early 20th century.
12 Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory
A two-story stone L-shaped building is attached to a round three-story tower with crenellated top. The tower has equipment mounted on the top, and antennae are visible in the background.
December 20, 1989
(#80000665)
Milton
42°12′43″N 71°06′51″W / 42.2120°N 71.1141°W / 42.2120; -71.1141 (Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory)
Norfolk Described as "principal structure associated with the history of weather observation" in the United States, this observatory is home to the oldest continuous weather record in North America, and is where numerous meteorological measurement and analysis techniques were developed.
13 Boardman House
A brown garrison-style saltbox house with a wooden roof and a red door. A rough stone wall separates the street from the yard.
November 5, 1961
(#66000131)
Saugus
42°28′20″N 71°02′16″W / 42.4723°N 71.0377°W / 42.4723; -71.0377 (Boardman House)
Essex This house, whose early construction dates to the late 17th century, has remained little changed since the early 18th century. It is now a house museum operated by Historic New England.
14+ Boston Manufacturing Company
A five-story oblong brick building (5 window bays on the short side, 35 on the long side) stands beside the Charles River. A portion of a wooden dam is visible to the right of the building.
December 22, 1977
(#77001412)
Waltham
42°22′23″N 71°14′09″W / 42.3731°N 71.2358°W / 42.3731; -71.2358 (Boston Manufacturing Company)
Middlesex This building housed the eponymous company, founded in 1813 by businessman Francis Cabot Lowell, engineer Paul Moody, and others, for the manufacture of cotton textiles. At this site the manufacture of textiles under a single roof was proved, a major success leading to the American Industrial Revolution.
15 Nathaniel Bowditch Home
A three-story colonial-style house with a low railing around the roof. The house is gray with white trim and black shutters. There is a small portico sheltering the front door.
January 12, 1965
(#66000135)
Salem
42°31′18″N 70°53′55″W / 42.5218°N 70.8987°W / 42.5218; -70.8987 (Nathaniel Bowditch Home)
Essex This Federalist house was the home of Nathaniel Bowditch (1773–1838), the founder of modern (19th century) navigation. It now serves as the headquarters of Historic Salem, Inc.
16 Louis Brandeis House
A modest Cape-style house with large flat-roof dormers on the front and back. There is a patio area on the side of the house, with an arbor-like structure separating it from the yard.
November 28, 1972
(#72000148)
Chatham
41°40′16″N 69°59′00″W / 41.6710°N 69.9833°W / 41.6710; -69.9833 (Louis Brandeis House)
Barnstable Bought in 1922 by liberal United States Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis (1856–1941), this Cape style house (whose construction dates to the late 19th century) was used by the Brandeis family as a summer retreat.
17 Percy W. Bridgman House
A brown 2 1/2 story house with red shutters.
May 15, 1975
(#75000298)
Cambridge
42°22′45″N 71°07′43″W / 42.3792°N 71.1286°W / 42.3792; -71.1286 (Percy W. Bridgman House)
Middlesex This house served as the longtime home of Nobel prize-winning physicist Percy W. Bridgman (1882–1961). His innovations in the field of high pressure physics made possible the development of synthetic diamonds.
18 Brookline Reservoir of the Cochituate Aqueduct
The curving shoreline of a body of water is lined with roughly dressed granite stones.  A walkway follows the curve of the shore, with a trees providing shade.
February 27, 2015
(#15000278)
Brookline
42°19′35″N 71°08′12″W / 42.3264°N 71.1367°W / 42.3264; -71.1367 (Brookline Reservoir of the Cochituate Aqueduct)
Norfolk This property, in addition to the reservoir, includes the end gatehouse of the Cochituate Aqueduct, and an elaborately-decorated distribution gatehouse that includes one of the earliest known uses of wrought iron for staircases.
19 William Cullen Bryant Homestead
A large ornately-decorated country house. It is painted a light color with brown trim, and the porch has detailed decoration painted the body color. There are small round windows above some of normal windows. People sit at tables on the porch that wraps part way around the house, and also on the expanse of lawn in front.
December 29, 1962
(#66000136)
Cummington
42°28′17″N 72°56′26″W / 42.4713°N 72.9406°W / 42.4713; -72.9406 (William Cullen Bryant Homestead)
Hampshire This property was the boyhood home and later summer residence of poet and newspaper editor William Cullen Bryant (1794–1878). It is now owned by The Trustees of Reservations and operated as a house museum.
20 Buckman Tavern
This tavern looks like a 2 1/2 story house, five windows wide and two deep. A single-story addition runs off one corner at an angle to the body of the house. The front door has a triangular pediment with dentil molding, and the appearance of rectangular pillars on either side of the door. An American flag hangs from a flagpole above the door.
January 20, 1961
(#66000137)
Lexington
42°26′57″N 71°13′47″W / 42.4493°N 71.2298°W / 42.4493; -71.2298 (Buckman Tavern)
Middlesex The oldest of Lexington's inns (established c. 1690), local militiamen mustered here prior to the April 19, 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord that began the American Revolutionary War.
21 Cape Ann Light Station
This old photograph shows a stone lighthouse built atop a rocky ledge. It is connected by a covered and enclosed walkway to a house on the left. A small white shed is visible in the foreground.
January 3, 2001
(#71000355)
Rockport
42°38′12″N 70°34′30″W / 42.6368°N 70.5749°W / 42.6368; -70.5749 (Cape Ann Light Station)
Essex Located on Thacher Island, this light station was established in 1771, and was the last founded in the colonial era. The two lighthouses were the first to mark a navigational hazard (Thacher Island); the current lighthouses were constructed in 1861, and are aligned on a north-south axis.
22 Parson Capen House
This brown colonial-style house has an overhanging second floor and a single central chimney.
October 9, 1960
(#66000139)
Topsfield
42°38′29″N 70°57′00″W / 42.6415°N 70.9499°W / 42.6415; -70.9499 (Parson Capen House)
Essex This circa 1683 house was home to Reverend Joseph Capen, Topsfield's minister for many years. It is one of the best preserved 17th-century houses in the United States. It is operated by the Topsfield Historical Society as a house museum.
23 Castle Hill
A large mansion house is framed by rows of trees on either side and an expanse of well-kept green lawn in front.
August 5, 1998
(#77000183)
Ipswich
42°41′06″N 70°46′45″W / 42.6851°N 70.7792°W / 42.6851; -70.7792 (Castle Hill)
Essex This early 20th-century country estate is one of the finest of its type. The house was designed by architect David Adler of Chicago, and the landscaping was done by the Olmsted Brothers firm, among others. The estate is owned by The Trustees of Reservations, and is open to the public.
24 Christ Church
A gray church stands next to an old cemetery. The church has a tower but no steeple, and a circular drive in front.
October 9, 1960
(#66000140)
Cambridge
42°22′31″N 71°07′14″W / 42.3754°N 71.1205°W / 42.3754; -71.1205 (Christ Church)
Middlesex This church, designed by architect Peter Harrison and completed in 1761, served Cambridge Anglicans. Despite numerous alterations, the church has retained much its original 18th century character.
25 Jethro Coffin House
This black and white photo shows a saltbox-style house with split-rail fencing in front. A meadow with flowers is in the foreground, and small buildings associated with the house are in the background.
October 18, 1968
(#68000019)
Nantucket
41°17′15″N 70°06′26″W / 41.2874°N 70.1073°W / 41.2874; -70.1073 (Jethro Coffin House)
Nantucket This saltbox house, built in 1686, is the oldest surviving residential structure on Nantucket. It is now owned by the Nantucket Historical Association, which operates it as a house museum.
26 Cole's Hill
A gravel walkway curves past a whitish stone in which a historic marker has been embedded. In the background you can see a road and then water beyond.
October 9, 1960
(#66000142)
Plymouth
41°57′20″N 70°39′46″W / 41.9556°N 70.6627°W / 41.9556; -70.6627 (Cole's Hill)
Plymouth Cole's Hill is the site of the burial ground of the Pilgrims. Those who died in the first winter of the Plymouth Colony (1620–21) were buried there.
27 Converse Memorial Library
A brownstone building with arched porch. The roof is slate, except for a tower, which has a green copper roof. A gate in front of the building is made of ornate wrought iron, which is also present in globular light fixtures mounted on either side.
December 23, 1987
(#85002014)
Malden
42°25′38″N 71°03′59″W / 42.4272°N 71.0663°W / 42.4272; -71.0663 (Converse Memorial Library)
Middlesex This public library building was the last such building designed by architect H. H. Richardson, and is counted among his greatest works.
28 Crane and Company Old Stone Mill Rag Room
A stepped stone facade frames a green door, above which there is a small round window with white trim. Much of the stonework is covered in ivy, and the building is set in a well manicured garden.
May 4, 1983
(#83004376)
Dalton
42°28′15″N 73°10′43″W / 42.4708°N 73.1785°W / 42.4708; -73.1785 (Crane and Company Old Stone Mill Rag Room)
Berkshire From 1844 to 1930 this building was used as part of Crane and Company's paper manufacturing process, and is one of the nation's oldest surviving paper manufacturing buildings; it now houses Crane's museum. Crane has since 1879 been the exclusive supplier of paper for United States paper currency.
29 Crane Memorial Library
This building is made of granite with brownstone trim, and a red roof. Vertical window structures dominate the wall that is shown. On the right the roof has a large gable, and there are three smaller gable ends on the left.
December 23, 1987
(#72000143)
Quincy
42°15′05″N 71°00′08″W / 42.2513°N 71.0021°W / 42.2513; -71.0021 (Crane Memorial Library)
Norfolk One of five public libraries designed by H. H. Richardson, he considered it to be one of his best designs. The building incorporates stained glass by John LaFarge and sculptural elements by Augustus Saint-Gaudens.
30 Paul Cuffe Farm
This is a large farmhouse that with a sun room and greenhouse in the back.
May 30, 1974
(#74000394)
Westport
41°32′37″N 71°04′02″W / 41.5437°N 71.0673°W / 41.5437; -71.0673 (Paul Cuffe Farm)
Bristol This site was the home and farm of Paul Cuffee (1759–1817), a wealthy colonial-era African-American merchant. Cuffee was a leading advocate for minority rights in Massachusetts, and a promoter and funder of the resettlement of African-Americans to present-day Sierra Leone.
31 Caleb Cushing House
This is a three story red brick house with white trim and black shutters. The third floor has windows that are not as high as those on the first two floors. Three sizable chimneys are visible.
November 7, 1973
(#73000327)
Newburyport
42°48′23″N 70°52′14″W / 42.8065°N 70.8705°W / 42.8065; -70.8705 (Caleb Cushing House)
Essex This fine Federalist house was the home of diplomat and United States Attorney General Caleb Cushing (1800–79). Cushing is known for negotiating the 1844 Treaty of Wanghia, the first treaty between the United States and Qing China, and other diplomatic successes. The house now serves as the headquarters of the local historical society.
32 Reginald A. Daly House
A large yellow 2 1/2 story colonial style house with white trim.
January 7, 1976
(#76000305)
Cambridge
42°22′31″N 71°07′34″W / 42.3752°N 71.1261°W / 42.3752; -71.1261 (Reginald A. Daly House)
Middlesex This Queen Anne style house was the longtime home of geologist and Harvard University professor Reginald Aldworth Daly (1871–1957). Daly was a pioneer in the application of physics and chemistry to the field of geology.
33 William M. Davis House
A large brown 3 story colonial style house with white trim and black shutters.
January 7, 1976
(#76000306)
Cambridge
42°22′43″N 71°06′43″W / 42.3785°N 71.1120°W / 42.3785; -71.1120 (William M. Davis House)
Middlesex This house was home to geologist and geographer William Morris Davis (1850–1934). Davis was a leading figure in the development of the study of geology, founding the Association of American Geographers and developing the first model of the cycle of erosion.
34 Derby Summer House
A small, white. roughly square house. It is ornately decorated with statues at the top of the roof gable, worked pillar-like facings, and a gable end pediment with dentil molding. All of the trim is white except the shutters, which are black.
November 24, 1968
(#68000020)
Danvers
42°34′24″N 70°57′58″W / 42.5732°N 70.9662°W / 42.5732; -70.9662 (Derby Summer House)
Essex This is a rare example of an 18th-century American garden house. Designed in the 1790s by Samuel McIntire, it resided on the estate of Salem merchant Elias Hasket Derby until 1901, when it was moved to the Endicott family's Glen Magna Farms country estate. The estate, now owned by the Danvers Historical Society, is open to the public.
35 Emily Dickinson Home
A yellow Federal style house with white trim and green shutters. The front of the house has a covered porch, but the main entrance is on the side of the house. It is protected by a small portico.
December 29, 1962
(#66000363)
Amherst
42°22′34″N 72°30′52″W / 42.3761°N 72.5145°W / 42.3761; -72.5145 (Emily Dickinson Home)
Hampshire This house was home of the reclusive poet Emily Dickinson (1830–86) for most of her life. The house is now owned by Amherst College and is operated as a house museum.
36 W.E.B. Dubois Boyhood Homesite
An open spot in some woods is covered with pine needles. An interpretive sign stands before the scene.
May 11, 1976
(#76000947)
Great Barrington
42°10′42″N 73°23′37″W / 42.1783°N 73.3936°W / 42.1783; -73.3936 (W.E.B. Dubois Boyhood Homesite)
Berkshire This site contains all that remains of the childhood home of African American intellectual and activist W.E.B. Du Bois (1868–1963). The property, which belonged to his family for over 200 years, is seasonally open to the public.
37 Mary Baker Eddy House
Mary Baker Eddy House
January 13, 2021
(#100006275)
Lynn
42°27′50″N 70°56′06″W / 42.4640°N 70.9351°W / 42.4640; -70.9351 (Mary Baker Eddy House)
Essex Home of Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy between 1875-1882.
38+ Elmwood
A yellow Federal style house is illuminated by sunlight. It is three stories, with the third story having smaller windows. There is a low railing running around the roof, and there is a covered porch off to the side.
December 29, 1962
(#66000364)
Cambridge
42°22′34″N 71°08′18″W / 42.376°N 71.1383°W / 42.376; -71.1383 (Elmwood)
Middlesex This 1760s Georgian house and estate was home to three historically important individuals: Massachusetts colonial Lieutenant Governor Thomas Oliver (who had the house built), Massachusetts Governor and US Vice President Elbridge Gerry, and poet James Russell Lowell, who gave the property its name. It now serves as the home of the Harvard University president.
39 Ralph Waldo Emerson Home
A white two story house, whose main section is square, although there is a wing extending off the back. There is a white fence with a gate across a gravel drive.
December 29, 1962
(#66000365)
Concord
42°27′28″N 71°20′36″W / 42.4577°N 71.3434°W / 42.4577; -71.3434 (Ralph Waldo Emerson Home)
Middlesex This house was purchased by writer, poet, and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) in 1835. It was where he wrote all of his major works, and was a major meeting point for Transcendentalists, including Bronson Alcott and Henry David Thoreau. It has been a house museum since 1930.
40 Ernestina (schooner)
In the foreground of this harbor scene is visible the plastic-wrapped top of a ship hull. The ship has two tall masts.
December 14, 1990
(#85000022)
New Bedford
41°38′03″N 70°55′15″W / 41.6343°N 70.9208°W / 41.6343; -70.9208 (Ernestina (schooner))
Bristol Ernestina is the oldest surviving Grand Banks fishing schooner, and the only surviving 19th century fishing schooner built in Gloucester. Owned by the state and under the overall aegis of the New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park, she is in 2012 sidelined from her intended educational purpose by budget constraints and the need for repairs.
41 Fairbanks House
This photograph, discolored by age, shows a large rambling house surrounded by trees.
October 9, 1960
(#66000367)
Dedham
42°14′37″N 71°10′03″W / 42.2436°N 71.1676°W / 42.2436; -71.1676 (Fairbanks House)
Norfolk Continuously owned by a single family since its construction in the late 1630s, this is probably the oldest timber-frame house in North America. It is now operated by Fairbanks Family in America, Inc., as a house museum.
42 Reginald A. Fessenden House
A large white house, sided in stone or concrete, with tile roofing.
January 7, 1976
(#76000950)
Newton
42°20′25″N 71°10′16″W / 42.3404°N 71.1712°W / 42.3404; -71.1712 (Reginald A. Fessenden House)
Middlesex Reginald Fessenden (1866–1932) was an inventor who worked for a time in Thomas Edison's workshop. His most notable inventions made possible the transmission of audio sounds via radio waves, and included many other radio-related innovations. This house was his last home; he was described in memoriam as "the greatest wireless inventor of the age".
43 First Church Of Christ, Lancaster
The front of a brick church with white trim. There are three arched openings, lined on each side with white pillar-like facings. The tower has a pillared section in which the church bell is visible, and it is topped by a cupola and a weathervane.
December 30, 1970
(#70000897)
Lancaster
42°27′19″N 71°40′27″W / 42.4552°N 71.6741°W / 42.4552; -71.6741 (First Church Of Christ, Lancaster)
Worcester One of the finest churches designed by architect Charles Bulfinch, this building was constructed in 1816 and is occupied by a congregation whose history dates to 1653.
44 Flying Horses Carousel
A wooden carousel with colorfully painted horses stands behind a white fence. There are parents and children on the carousel.
February 27, 1987
(#79000342)
Oak Bluffs
41°27′27″N 70°33′26″W / 41.4574°N 70.5571°W / 41.4574; -70.5571 (Flying Horses Carousel)
Dukes This carousel, one of two extant examples of the work of the Charles F. W. Dare Company, is the oldest operating platform carousel in the nation, and may be the oldest of any type (the Flying Horse Carousel of Watch Hill, Rhode Island, also built by the Dare Company, is possibly older).
45 Capt. R.B. Forbes House
A white house with dark trim, including decorative elements. The house has three stories, and there is an octagonal element protruding above the top floor.
November 13, 1966
(#66000651)
Milton
42°15′53″N 71°03′55″W / 42.2646°N 71.0652°W / 42.2646; -71.0652 (Capt. R.B. Forbes House)
Norfolk Designed by Isaiah Rogers, this 1833 Greek Revival house was built by ship captain and China Trade merchant Robert Bennet Forbes and his siblings for their mother. Furnished and decorated with acquisitions Forbes made in China, it is now a house museum.
46+ Daniel Chester French Home and Studio
A large gray stucco house with white trim and green shutters. A low stone wall frames garden plantings around a patio in front of the house.
December 21, 1965
(#66000652)
Stockbridge
42°17′06″N 73°21′06″W / 42.2851°N 73.3518°W / 42.2851; -73.3518 (Daniel Chester French Home and Studio)
Berkshire Better known as Chesterwood, this was the summer home and studio of sculptor Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) from 1891 until his death. The estate was designed by French's collaborator Henry Bacon, and is now owned by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. It is open to the public on a seasonal basis.
47+ Fruitlands
A red colonial house with a large central chimney stands at the end of a dirt path. A second building is connected near one corner, in front of which is a covered porch with benches.
May 30, 1974
(#74001761)
Harvard
42°30′27″N 71°36′45″W / 42.5076°N 71.6126°W / 42.5076; -71.6126 (Fruitlands)
Worcester Fruitlands was the site of a short-lived (1843–44) Transcendentalist utopian community founded by Amos Bronson Alcott. The property was acquired by preservationist Clara Endicott Sears in 1910 and opened as the Fruitlands Museum four years later.
48 Margaret Fuller House
A three story yellow house with white trim, whose side faces the street. The porticoed entrance is behind a hedge.
May 30, 1974
(#71000686)
Cambridge
42°21′52″N 71°05′51″W / 42.3644°N 71.0974°W / 42.3644; -71.0974 (Margaret Fuller House)
Middlesex This was the birthplace and childhood home of Transcendentalist and feminist Margaret Fuller (1810–50). Her Woman in the Nineteenth Century is one of the earliest statements of feminist thought.
49 Gardner-Pingree House
A three story brick house with white trim and black shutters. A wrought iron fence surrounds the front yard, and there is a low railing surrounding the roof.
December 30, 1970
(#70000541)
Salem
42°31′20″N 70°53′28″W / 42.5223°N 70.8911°W / 42.5223; -70.8911 (Gardner-Pingree House)
Essex Salem merchant John Gardner had this Federalist-style house built in 1804–05 by Samuel McIntire. It was the site of a notorious murder in 1841 that inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe. It is now owned by the Peabody Essex Museum, which offers guided tours.
50 General John Glover House
The front of a two story gray house with white trim. The front and side doors are red.
November 28, 1972
(#72001101)
Marblehead
42°30′17″N 70°50′49″W / 42.5047°N 70.8470°W / 42.5047; -70.8470 (General John Glover House)
Essex John Glover (1732–97) had this simple frame house built in 1762, and occupied until 1782. Glover, a wealthy Marblehead merchant, was an important military figure in the American Revolutionary War, leading the Marblehead Regiment early in the war as well as leading early efforts to establish the Continental Navy.
51 Goddard Rocket Launching Site
This black and white photo shows Robert Goddard standing next to a frame in which a small (three to four foot) rocket is mounted. It is winter, and open snow-covered fields are in the background.
November 13, 1966
(#66000654)
Auburn
42°12′59″N 71°48′46″W / 42.2165°N 71.8127°W / 42.2165; -71.8127 (Goddard Rocket Launching Site)
Worcester This site, located on a local golf course, is where rocket scientist Robert H. Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket in 1926. The actual launch site is marked by a granite obelisk.
52 Gore Place
A large brick mansion. The central rectangle of the house has large windows with rounded tops. Wings nearly the width of the central structure extend to either side.
December 30, 1970
(#70000542)
Waltham
42°22′24″N 71°12′45″W / 42.3733°N 71.2124°W / 42.3733; -71.2124 (Gore Place)
Middlesex A remnant of an estate that was once much larger, Gore Place preserves an excellent Federalist mansion built in 1806 for Christopher Gore, a Massachusetts governor and United States senator. The mansion was saved from destruction in 1935, and is now open to the public as a house museum.
53 John B. Gough House
A square white house with a porch in front and an added ell behind. A sign in front reads "Hillside" in large letters and "John B. Gough" in smaller letters.
May 30, 1974
(#74001763)
Boylston
42°19′31″N 71°45′14″W / 42.3254°N 71.7540°W / 42.3254; -71.7540 (John B. Gough House)
Worcester This Italianate house, also known as "Hillside", was the home of orator John B. Gough (1817–86), a leading figure of the 19th century temperance movement. The estate, owned by the town of Boylston, is undergoing a lengthy restoration and conservation process.
54 Asa Gray House
A gray two story house with white trim surrounding black-framed windows. The front door is sheltered by a small pillared porch, and there is a balustered railing around the roof.
January 12, 1965
(#66000655)
Cambridge
42°23′00″N 71°07′41″W / 42.3832°N 71.1280°W / 42.3832; -71.1280 (Asa Gray House)
Middlesex This Federalist house, designed by Ithiel Town and built in 1810, most notably served as the longtime home of botanist and Harvard professor Asa Gray (1810–88). Gray was one of the most important botanists of the 19th century, publishing works still referenced today and defending Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.
55 Gropius House
A strongly rectangular modern two story house. The exterior is brick, white tongue-in-groove vertical siding, and large glass windows. A tree and mortared stone wall stand in front of the house.
May 16, 2000
(#00000709)
Lincoln
42°25′37″N 71°19′37″W / 42.4269°N 71.3269°W / 42.4269; -71.3269 (Gropius House)
Middlesex Bauhaus architect Walter Gropius designed this house in 1937 as a personal expression of Modernism, living in it until his death in 1969. Owned by Historic New England and operated as a house museum, it contains the most important collection of Bauhaus artifacts outside Germany.
56+ H. H. Richardson Historic District of North Easton
The exterior of this gate house is made of rough stone and finished brownstone. It has a tile roof, in which two low eye windows are built. A road lined with rough stone walls passes through an arch in the structure.
December 23, 1987
(#87002598)
North Easton
42°04′01″N 71°06′17″W / 42.0670°N 71.1047°W / 42.0670; -71.1047 (H. H. Richardson Historic District of North Easton)
Bristol This landmark district contains five buildings in Easton designed by architect H. H. Richardson and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted, primarily through the efforts of the wealthy Ames family: Oakes Ames Memorial Hall, the Ames Free Library, the Old Colony Railroad Station, and two nearby structures on the Langwater estate of Frederick Lothrop Ames.
57 Hamilton Hall
A large rectangular two story hall made of brick. The long side has five large windows topped with a rounded window section, while the short side has more conventionally sized windows.
December 30, 1970
(#70000543)
Salem
42°31′11″N 70°53′58″W / 42.5196°N 70.8994°W / 42.5196; -70.8994 (Hamilton Hall)
Essex Named for Federalist Party leader Alexander Hamilton, this 1805 building was designed by Samuel McIntire to serve Salem's Federalist Party activities. It has been described as "one of the most outstanding Federal-era public buildings" in the nation.
58 Hancock-Clarke House
A brown two story colonial wood frame house, with an addition added on the back.
July 17, 1971
(#71000895)
Lexington
42°27′13″N 71°13′42″W / 42.4535°N 71.2284°W / 42.4535; -71.2284 (Hancock-Clarke House)
Middlesex This 1737 house was the boyhood home of Revolutionary leader John Hancock, and was where he and Samuel Adams hid from British authorities at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. It is now owned by the Lexington Historical Society, and is seasonally open to the public.
59+ Hancock Shaker Village
This color photo shows a round barn made of fieldstone. It is topped by a mustard yellow wood frame multi-sided section that is smaller, and then a small turret.
October 18, 1968
(#68000037)
Hancock and Pittsfield
42°25′48″N 73°20′20″W / 42.43°N 73.339°W / 42.43; -73.339 (Hancock Shaker Village)
Berkshire This Shaker village was established in 1791 and lasted until 1960, after which it became a living history museum. It is noted for its distinctive round barn, built in 1826.
60 Oliver Hastings House
A white two story house with black shutters. Windows on both floors extend from floor to ceiling. The central portion of the house has a protruding rounded porch, supported by white fluted pillars below, and decorated on the second floor with wrought iron railings.
December 30, 1970
(#70000681)
Cambridge
42°22′35″N 71°07′33″W / 42.3763°N 71.1257°W / 42.3763; -71.1257 (Oliver Hastings House)
Middlesex This Greek Revival house was built in 1844 as the home of Cambridge businessman Oliver Hastings (1791–1879). Although nearby resident Charles Sanders Peirce considered it "ugly", the building is recognized for its elegant curved bays and elaborate wrought iron balcony railings.
61 Oliver Wendell Holmes House
A rambling gray and white colonial house with a porch sheltering the main entrance on the side of the house.
November 28, 1972
(#72001301)
Beverly
42°33′50″N 70°48′24″W / 42.5640°N 70.8068°W / 42.5640; -70.8068 (Oliver Wendell Holmes House)
Essex This 1877 frame house was the summer home of United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935). Holmes is known for his longevity on the bench, and his opinions on freedom of speech.
62+ House of the Seven Gables
A large many-gabled brown house with a flower garden in front.
March 29, 2007
(#73000323)
Salem
42°31′19″N 70°53′05″W / 42.5219°N 70.8847°W / 42.5219; -70.8847 (House of the Seven Gables)
Essex Best known for its association with Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel of the same name, this 1668 house was also a key early preservation effort, successfully restored in the early 20th century by historian and preservationist Joseph Everett Chandler. The district, which includes several other historical buildings, has been operated ever since as a history museum.
63+ Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
An outdoor stage without any wings or backing. It is nearly dark, the stage is illuminated. Dancers on the stage are arranged in a grid, on their knees with their hands in the air. Behind the stage hills are visible.
May 27, 2003
(#03000644)
Becket
42°15′52″N 73°07′05″W / 42.2644°N 73.1181°W / 42.2644; -73.1181 (Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival)
Berkshire Jacob's Pillow was founded in 1931 by Ted Shawn as a place to develop an all-male dance company. It has since trained generations of dance professionals of all types, and continues to stage productions every summer.
64 Nathan and Mary (Polly) Johnson properties
Two houses stand near the street, with no front yard. The left house is a two story white colonial, and the right one is also a two story colonial, painted yellow.
February 16, 2000
(#00000260)
New Bedford
41°37′59″N 70°55′43″W / 41.633°N 70.9286°W / 41.633; -70.9286 (Nathan and Mary (Polly) Johnson properties)
Bristol These buildings, now housing the New Bedford Historical Society, belonged to a free African-American couple active in the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad. They notably took in activist Frederick Douglass after his escape from slavery.
65 USS Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (destroyer)
A gray battleship, with the number 850 painted large on its bow, is tied up to a dock.
June 29, 1989
(#76000231)
Fall River
41°42′21″N 71°09′47″W / 41.7057°N 71.1631°W / 41.7057; -71.1631 (USS Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (destroyer))
Bristol The only surviving United States Navy Gearing-class destroyer, this vessel is named for Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. (the brother of future President John F. Kennedy) who was killed in action during World War II. It is on display at Fall River's Battleship Cove.
66+ Kennedy Compound
A large white house with three large gables and a porch running for much of its width stands before an expansive lawn and curved drive.
November 28, 1972
(#72001302)
Hyannis Port
41°37′50″N 70°18′12″W / 41.6305°N 70.3032°W / 41.6305; -70.3032 (Kennedy Compound)
Barnstable This compound consists of three residences, each belonging at some point to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., diplomat and patriarch of the politically influential Kennedy family, or one of his sons: President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and Senator Edward M. Kennedy.
67* John F. Kennedy Birthplace
A gray two and one half story house stands on a tree-lined street. There is a porch covering the middle half of the front, sheltering the front door.
July 19, 1964
(#67000001)
Brookline
42°20′49″N 71°07′24″W / 42.3470°N 71.1233°W / 42.3470; -71.1233 (John F. Kennedy Birthplace)
Norfolk Now a National Historic Site, this modest suburban house was the birthplace and childhood home of President John F. Kennedy (1917–63).
68 Jeremiah Lee House
This gray three story mansion is topped by a small windowed turret.
October 9, 1960
(#66000766)
Marblehead
42°30′13″N 70°51′05″W / 42.5036°N 70.8513°W / 42.5036; -70.8513 (Jeremiah Lee House)
Essex Jeremiah Lee was the wealthiest merchant in Massachusetts in the 1760s, when he had this Georgian mansion built. The mansion is in a remarkable state of preservation, and is operated by the local historical society as a house museum.
69 Lexington Green
A weathered green statue is mounted on a rough stone pedestal in front of some trees. The statue is of a man holding a long gun.
January 20, 1961
(#66000767)
Lexington
42°26′58″N 71°13′52″W / 42.4495°N 71.231°W / 42.4495; -71.231 (Lexington Green)
Middlesex Lexington's town common, it was here that opening skirmish of the American Revolutionary War took place on April 19, 1775.
70 Liberty Farm
A brick house is framed by trees. A wooden two story addition on one side is painted white and has many windows. Otherwise the house trim is white with black shutters.
May 30, 1974
(#74002046)
Worcester
42°16′49″N 71°51′34″W / 42.2803°N 71.8595°W / 42.2803; -71.8595 (Liberty Farm)
Worcester This house belonged to abolitionists and suffragists Abby Kelley Foster (1811–87) and Stephen Symonds Foster (1809–81), and was used by them as a site on the Underground Railroad. The property also featured prominently in the Fosters' refusal to pay property taxes because she was unable to vote.
71 General Benjamin Lincoln House
A blue colonial two story house with black shutters. Over the front door is a flag pole holding an American flag.
November 28, 1972
(#72001303)
Hingham
42°14′35″N 70°53′33″W / 42.243°N 70.8924°W / 42.243; -70.8924 (General Benjamin Lincoln House)
Plymouth This well-preserved 18th-century house was the birthplace and lifelong home of Revolutionary War General and Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Benjamin Lincoln (1733–1810). The house, which is not open to the public, remains in Lincoln family hands.
72 USS Lionfish (submarine)
A long low-slung naval ship is entering a dock. Its deck is lined with sailors.
January 14, 1986
(#76002270)
Fall River
41°42′18″N 71°09′43″W / 41.7050°N 71.162°W / 41.7050; -71.162 (USS Lionfish (submarine))
Bristol An intact Balao-class submarine, USS Lionfish served two tours of duty in the Pacific during World War II and served as a training vessel before being decommissioned and placed on display at Battleship Cove.
73 Arthur D. Little Inc., Building
An office building made of light brick with large colonial-style windows stands in front of taller, more modern looking office buildings.
December 8, 1976
(#76001970)
Cambridge
42°21′40″N 71°04′56″W / 42.3612°N 71.0822°W / 42.3612; -71.0822 (Arthur D. Little Inc., Building)
Middlesex This unremarkable 1917 office building was the site of the nation's first successful independent consulting laboratory, Arthur D. Little. The company pioneered the idea of commercial laboratories as independent, profit-making businesses.
74 Henry Cabot Lodge Residence
A roughly square house with porches wrapped around all sides. Its yard has trees with no leaves on them.
December 8, 1976
(#76001971)
Nahant
42°25′17″N 70°54′38″W / 42.4213°N 70.9106°W / 42.4213; -70.9106 (Henry Cabot Lodge Residence)
Essex Henry Cabot Lodge (1850–1924) was a lifelong resident of this house. Lodge, as United States Senator from Massachusetts, was a critical voice in foreign policy debates of the early 20th century; he supported a wider role for the United States on the world stage, but led the opposition to ratification of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I.
75* Longfellow House
A large yellow house with white trim and black shutters. The front door is flanked by pillar-like decorative molding, and is sheltered by a small porch. The roof is ringed by a low railing.
December 29, 1962
(#66000049)
Cambridge
42°22′35″N 71°07′34″W / 42.3764°N 71.1262°W / 42.3764; -71.1262 (Longfellow House)
Middlesex This 1759 Georgian house was used by George Washington as his residence during the 1775–76 Siege of Boston. In the 19th century it was purchased for poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–82) by his father-in-law, and is where Longfellow wrote many of his best-known works.
76+ Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District
A map of Lowell depicts its canal system. The Pawtucket Canal extends east from the Pawtucket Dam on the Merrimack River, then splits into several smaller canals, three of which empty into the Concord River just above its mouth on the Merrimack. A fourth branch of the main canal meets the Northern Canal, which also runs eastward from the dam, but further north than the main canal. It empties into the Merrimack. The canals are lined with mill buildings.
December 22, 1977
(#76001972)
Lowell
42°38′44″N 71°19′12″W / 42.6456°N 71.32°W / 42.6456; -71.32 (Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District)
Middlesex Lowell was the nation's first major industrialized city. Its system of canals and waterworks was constructed between 1794 and 1848. Most of these were built to power the large number of industries that sprang up in Lowell during the early years of the American Industrial Revolution, and remain in remarkable condition despite their age.
77 Lowell's Boat Shop
Three bright red buildings stand across the river from the photographer; one of them has a sign saying "Lowell's Boat Shop".
June 21, 1990
(#88000706)
Amesbury
42°50′31″N 70°54′49″W / 42.8420°N 70.9136°W / 42.8420; -70.9136 (Lowell's Boat Shop)
Essex Founded in 1793, this boatshop has been in continuous business ever since; it is where founder Simeon Lowell developed the stackable dory. The present buildings date from the 1860s.
78 Luna (tugboat)
Luna (tugboat)
April 11, 1989
(#83004099)
Chelsea
42°23′11″N 71°02′30″W / 42.386409°N 71.041735°W / 42.386409; -71.041735 (Luna (tugboat))
Suffolk The Luna, built in 1930, is the last surviving full-sized wooden ship-docking tug on the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States. She was the world's first diesel-electric tugboat built for commercial service, and was a showpiece for Thomas Alva Edison's General Electric Corporation. In October 2015 she was docked in Chelsea, Massachusetts.
79 USS Massachusetts (battleship)
A battleship sails on calm waters with land in the background.
January 14, 1986
(#76002269)
Fall River
41°42′24″N 71°09′47″W / 41.7067°N 71.1630°W / 41.7067; -71.1630 (USS Massachusetts (battleship))
Bristol One of two surviving United States Navy South Dakota-class battleships, Massachusetts saw action in World War II, winning 11 battle stars. She is on display at Battleship Cove.
80 Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University
A large brick building with 6 chimneys. It is 12 windows wide and four deep; there are two doors on the front and one on the side.
October 9, 1960
(#66000769)
Cambridge
42°22′28″N 71°07′06″W / 42.3745°N 71.1183°W / 42.3745; -71.1183 (Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University)
Middlesex This building, now housing administrative offices and a freshman dormitory, is the oldest surviving building (1718–20) on the campus of Harvard University, and the second oldest academic building in the nation.
81 Memorial Hall, Harvard University
An ornately decorated brick and stone building with a multicolored slate roof. It is two stories, but has a very steep roof that almost doubles the building's height, and there is a tower rising even higher. Turrets flank the main doorway, above which is a stained glass window.
December 30, 1970
(#70000685)
Cambridge
42°22′34″N 71°06′54″W / 42.3761°N 71.1151°W / 42.3761; -71.1151 (Memorial Hall, Harvard University)
Middlesex Designed by William Robert Ware and Henry Van Brunt, this High Gothic hall was built in the 1870s as Harvard University's memorial to its fallen in the American Civil War. Its amenities include Annenberg Hall (a dining hall) and Sanders Theater, a performance space.
82 George R. Minot House
A brick house sitting on a large property is partially obscured by trees.
January 7, 1976
(#76001976)
Brookline
42°19′06″N 71°08′14″W / 42.3183°N 71.1373°W / 42.3183; -71.1373 (George R. Minot House)
Norfolk George R. Minot (1885–1950) was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work finding a treatment for pernicious anemia, then a fatal disease. This 1920s suburban house was his home from 1929 until his death.
83 Mission House
A woodframe colonial house with plain wooden siding and a wooden roof is framed by trees behind and garden plantings in front.
October 18, 1968
(#68000038)
Stockbridge
42°17′00″N 73°18′57″W / 42.2832°N 73.3159°W / 42.2832; -73.3159 (Mission House)
Berkshire This house was built in c. 1742 by Reverend John Sergeant, the first Christian missionary to the Stockbridge Indians. It is now owned and operated by The Trustees of Reservations as a house museum.
84 The Mount (Edith Wharton Estate)
A white mansion house stands in a garden. A terraced lawn separates the house from a fountain with a pool fringed by white plants.
November 11, 1971
(#71000900)
Lenox
42°19′52″N 73°16′55″W / 42.3311°N 73.282°W / 42.3311; -73.282 (The Mount (Edith Wharton Estate))
Berkshire Designed by writer Edith Wharton (1862–1937) and built in 1902, The Mount is where she wrote the bestselling novel The House of Mirth. It is now a house museum.
85+ Mount Auburn Cemetery
A wooded cemetery view with headstones and other memorials. A road is visible in the distance.
May 27, 2003
(#75000254)
Cambridge
42°22′14″N 71°08′45″W / 42.3706°N 71.1458°W / 42.3706; -71.1458 (Mount Auburn Cemetery)
Middlesex In an effort spearheaded by Dr. Jacob Bigelow, Mount Auburn Cemetery was laid out by Henry A. S. Dearborn in 1831 as "America's first garden cemetery". In addition to being the burial place of many famous Bostonians, it is known for its horticulture and as a birdwatching destination.
86+ Nantucket Historic District
A street scene. Colonial-style buildings frame a wide cobblestone roadway.
November 13, 1966
(#66000772)
Nantucket
41°17′00″N 70°05′51″W / 41.283225°N 70.09758055555555°W / 41.283225; -70.09758055555555 (Nantucket Historic District)
Nantucket This listing, which encompasses the entire island of Nantucket, was made in recognition of Nantucket's well-preserved historical settlements (dating to the 17th century), and its importance as the world's preeminent whaling center in the early years of the 19th century.
87 Naumkeag
A wooden-shingled house with many gables has a formal garden in front of it.
March 29, 2007
(#75000264)
Stockbridge
42°17′23″N 73°18′57″W / 42.2897°N 73.3159°W / 42.2897; -73.3159 (Naumkeag)
Berkshire This Gilded Age mansion and country estate was designed by McKim, Mead & White, with landscaping by Fletcher Steele. Built in the 1880s for lawyer Joseph Choate, it was given by his daughter to The Trustees of Reservations, who operate it as a museum.
88+ Nauset Archeological District
A hand-drawn map and nautical chart. In the center is a harbor area in which boats are drawn. On the shores of the harbor are depictions of fields and houses. Numbers on the watery areas indicate the water depth. A legend at the bottom describes various marked parts of the chart in French.
April 19, 1993
(#93000607)
Eastham
41°49′08″N 69°57′46″W / 41.8189°N 69.9629°W / 41.8189; -69.9629 (Nauset Archeological District)
Barnstable This district, located within the southern portion of the Cape Cod National Seashore, encompasses sites containing substantial ancient settlements dating to at least 4,000 BC. Some of these sites were described in the chronicles of early European explorers.
89+ New Bedford Historic District
A row of early 19th century buildings line a cobblestoned street. An old-fashioned street lamp is also visible.
November 13, 1966
(#66000773)
New Bedford
41°38′07″N 70°55′27″W / 41.6353°N 70.9242°W / 41.6353; -70.9242 (New Bedford Historic District)
Bristol This district encompasses the historic center of the country's leading 19th century whaling center, including as contributing properties other historic landmarks.
90 Norfolk County Courthouse
A large granite building with a dome and a pillared portico.
November 28, 1972
(#72001312)
Dedham
42°14′56″N 71°10′34″W / 42.2488°N 71.1762°W / 42.2488; -71.1762 (Norfolk County Courthouse)
Norfolk This Greek Revival courthouse was built in 1827 and expanded over the 19th century. It was site of the controversial Sacco-Vanzetti trial in 1921, and has changed little since then.
91+ Old Deerfield Historic District
A brown colonial frame house.
October 9, 1960
(#66000774)
Deerfield
42°32′49″N 72°36′15″W / 42.547°N 72.6041°W / 42.547; -72.6041 (Old Deerfield Historic District)
Franklin This well-preserved 18th century colonial village was the site of numerous Indian raids, including a famous and well-documented attack in 1704. The village is administered by Historic Deerfield as a museum.
92 Old Manse
A light brown colonial frame house with wooden roof shingles. The right side of the house front has an addition where the roof extends to the first floor.
December 29, 1962
(#66000775)
Concord
42°28′06″N 71°20′57″W / 42.4683°N 71.3492°W / 42.4683; -71.3492 (Old Manse)
Middlesex This 1770 Revolutionary-era house was home for a time to both Ralph Waldo Emerson (whose grandfather had it built) and Nathaniel Hawthorne; Henry David Thoreau was a guest of Hawthorne's. The house is now owned by The Trustees of Reservations and is open to the public.
93 Old Ship Meetinghouse
A large square church stands in behind a cemetery. The church has a small turret in the center where a bell is exposed to view.
October 9, 1960
(#66000777)
Hingham
42°14′28″N 70°53′14″W / 42.2412°N 70.8871°W / 42.2412; -70.8871 (Old Ship Meetinghouse)
Plymouth This Puritan meetinghouse was constructed in 1681 and is claimed to be the oldest church in the nation still used for religious services. Its name derives from its construction, which resembles an inverted wooden ship hull.
94* Frederick Law Olmsted House
A large, rambling red house with dark trim stands in a green yard with a tree shading it.
May 23, 1963
(#66000780)
Brookline
42°19′32″N 71°07′56″W / 42.3255°N 71.1321°W / 42.3255; -71.1321 (Frederick Law Olmsted House)
Norfolk Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903), one of America's leading landscape designers of his generation, lived and worked at this site for the last twenty years of his life. It is now a National Historic Site.
95 Orchard House
A dark brown colonial frame house with wooden shingles.
December 29, 1962
(#66000781)
Concord
42°27′32″N 71°20′06″W / 42.4589°N 71.3351°W / 42.4589; -71.3351 (Orchard House)
Middlesex This early 18th-century house was the longtime home of Transcendentalist Amos Bronson Alcott (1799–1888). His daughter, writer Louisa May Alcott, set the novel Little Women here. It is now a house museum.
96 Robert Treat Paine House
A mansion made of stone, brownstone, and wood framing sheathed in cedar shakes. A porch and patio are to the left of a two story turret that centers the image, and the patio is protected by a white pavilion tent.
June 30, 1989
(#75000291)
Waltham
42°23′07″N 71°13′40″W / 42.3854°N 71.2279°W / 42.3854; -71.2279 (Robert Treat Paine House)
Middlesex Also known as Stonehurst, this city-owned estate was designed by H. H. Richardson with landscaping by Frederick Law Olmsted for Boston lawyer Robert Treat Paine Jr. (1835–1910). It is open to the public.
97 The Parsonage
A white colonial frame house with a wide single story front porch. The main rectangle of the house has extensions to the rear.
November 11, 1971
(#71000903)
Natick
42°16′15″N 71°18′52″W / 42.2709°N 71.3144°W / 42.2709; -71.3144 (The Parsonage)
Middlesex This 1824 house was home to the father of writer Horatio Alger (1832–99). Alger, a prolific and popular writer of juvenile fiction, frequently summered here.
98 Peabody Museum of Salem
An interior view of figures that once graced the bows of wooden sailing ships. High windows flank two female figures that are mounted on the wall, and three male figures stand on pedestals in front of the windows.
December 21, 1965
(#66000783)
Salem
42°31′18″N 70°53′33″W / 42.5218°N 70.8926°W / 42.5218; -70.8926 (Peabody Museum of Salem)
Essex Now embedded within the Peabody Essex Museum, the East India Marine Hall was built in the 1820s. The museum traces its lineage to the 1799 East India Marine Society, claiming to be the nation's oldest continuously operating museum.
99 Peirce-Nichols House
A yellow three story frame house. A small portico protects the front door, and a low wooden railing surrounds the roof.
October 18, 1968
(#68000041)
Salem
42°31′21″N 70°53′59″W / 42.5226°N 70.8996°W / 42.5226; -70.8996 (Peirce-Nichols House)
Essex This transitional Georgian/Federal style home was built in 1782 for merchant Jerathmiel Peirce by Samuel McIntire. The house is owned by the Peabody Essex Museum, which offers tours.
100 Lydia Pinkham House
A small frame house with a mansard roof sided in clapboard painted a dusty shade of pink.
August 25, 2014
(#12000818)
Lynn
42°28′33″N 70°57′03″W / 42.4758°N 70.9508°W / 42.4758; -70.9508 (Lydia Pinkham House)
Essex This 1872 Second Empire house was the residence of Lydia Pinkham, whose homemade herbal remedy for dysmenorrhea was one of the bestselling such medical products of the late 19th century thanks to Pinkham's use of her own image as a marketing tool. Orders and other correspondence were received at the house's Western Avenue address; sometimes Pinkham wrote back personally, a practice continued by her company after her death.
101 PT 617
An open boat painted with camouflage colors sits inside a museum building. Wooden steps lead up to a platform from which the interior of the boat can be viewed. Flags hang from poles mounted on the left well.
December 20, 1989
(#89002465)
Fall River
41°42′17″N 71°09′42″W / 41.7047°N 71.1616°W / 41.7047; -71.1616 (PT 617)
Bristol The only surviving 80 feet (24 m) Elco torpedo boat from World War II, craft of this type were workhorses throughout many theaters of the war. This boat is on display at the PT Boat Museum in Battleship Cove.
102 PT 796
An open boat sits inside a museum building. The area above the waterline is gray, that below the waterline is red with shark teeth. An eye is also painted on the gray part of the ship, making it look a little like a shark. A walkway goes around the boat.
January 14, 1986
(#86000092)
Fall River
41°42′17″N 71°09′42″W / 41.7048°N 71.1617°W / 41.7048; -71.1617 (PT 796)
Bristol This is one of three surviving Higgins PT boats, built late in World War II. It is on display at the PT Boat Museum in Battleship Cove.
103 General Rufus Putnam House
A large two story colonial frame house, five windows wide and three deep. It has a hip roof and two chimneys. The second floor windows have Christmas greenery below them, and the word Noel has been hung below the central window and above the front door.
November 28, 1972
(#72001330)
Rutland
42°22′17″N 71°58′03″W / 42.3713°N 71.9674°W / 42.3713; -71.9674 (General Rufus Putnam House)
Worcester Rufus Putnam (1738–1824) was a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War. After the war he pioneered the settlement of the Northwest Territories, serving as its first Surveyor General. This house, built in the early 1760s, was his home in the 1780s. Although it was for a time a local museum, it is now a bed and breakfast.
104 Quincy Homestead
A large yellow colonial frame house with white trim. Additions expand the house to the left, and the roof has a few gabled dormers in it.
April 5, 2005
(#70000095)
Quincy
42°15′30″N 71°00′27″W / 42.2582°N 71.0074°W / 42.2582; -71.0074 (Quincy Homestead)
Norfolk This house was built in 1686 as an early home of the Quincy family. Its well-preserved construction documents 300 years of architectural changes. The building was an early success in house preservation early in the 20th century, and is now a house museum.
105 Josiah Quincy House
A large brown colonial frame house. There is a railing going around the roof, and a bumped up central section is visible in the center of the house. A portico shelters the front door.
September 25, 1997
(#97001274)
Quincy
42°16′18″N 71°00′53″W / 42.2718°N 71.0147°W / 42.2718; -71.0147 (Josiah Quincy House)
Norfolk This house, built c. 1770, was occupied by a succession of politically active Quincys, and contains architectural details unique among houses from the period. It is owned by Historic New England, who offer infrequent tours during the summer months.
106 Red Top (William Dean Howells' House)
A large many-gabled house stands on a hill behind some trees.
November 11, 1971
(#71000911)
Belmont
42°24′01″N 71°10′46″W / 42.4003°N 71.1794°W / 42.4003; -71.1794 (Red Top (William Dean Howells' House))
Middlesex William Dean Howells (1837–1920) was a major literary figure of the late 19th century, writing prolifically and editing the Atlantic Monthly. This house was designed by Howells' brother-in-law William Rutherford Mead (of McKim, Mead, and White), and was home to the Howellses 1878–1882. It was the site of gatherings involving many literary notables.
107 Revere Beach Reservation
An early 20th century postcard view of a beach with a road running alongside. Across the road from the beach are some buildings and a wide sidewalk full of people. There are also people standing and walking on the beach.
May 27, 2003
(#03000642)
Revere
42°24′23″N 70°59′28″W / 42.4064°N 70.9911°W / 42.4064; -70.9911 (Revere Beach Reservation)
Suffolk Revere Beach was the first oceanside beach purchased for public access (in 1895). Architect Charles Eliot was responsible for the design and layout of the beach's roadways and facilities. Managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the reservation continues to provide public recreation facilities.
108 Theodore W. Richards House
A two story Colonial Revival house. The first floor is brick with bay windows on either side of the front door, the second floor is painted yellow wood siding. Brick walls flank the sidewalk leading up some steps to the front door landing.
January 7, 1976
(#76001999)
Cambridge
42°22′42″N 71°07′22″W / 42.3784°N 71.1228°W / 42.3784; -71.1228 (Theodore W. Richards House)
Middlesex Theodore William Richards (1868–1928) was considered the foremost experimental chemist of his time. He won the Nobel prize for his role in determine the atomic weights of many elements. This house was built in 1900 with design input from Richards, and he lived there until his death.
109 William J. Rotch Gothic Cottage
A black and white photograph of a house with steeply roofed gables. Gingerbread molding frames the gables, whose ends contain windows with rounded tops.
February 17, 2006
(#06000236)
New Bedford
41°37′50″N 70°55′57″W / 41.6306°N 70.9326°W / 41.6306; -70.9326 (William J. Rotch Gothic Cottage)
Bristol This early Gothic Revival cottage was designed by Alexander Jackson Davis in 1845 for William J. Rotch (1819–1893), scion of New Bedford's leading whaling family. It exhibits features not found in other surviving similar works by Davis, and received wide public notice after its construction. The cottage is a private residence and is not open to the public.
110 William Rotch Jr. House
A mustard-yellow two story house with white trim and black shutters has a short semi-circular going to its front. A single story porch with white pillars extends the full width of the house.
April 5, 2005
(#05000456)
New Bedford
41°37′49″N 70°55′42″W / 41.6303°N 70.9283°W / 41.6303; -70.9283 (William Rotch Jr. House)
Bristol This house was the first design of Richard Upjohn, a leading architect of the 19th century. He designed this Greek Revival home for William Rotch Jr. (1759–1850), the leading whaling businessman of the time. Later residents of the house were also leading New Bedford figures. The property is now a house museum.
111 Isaac Royall House
A three story colonial house with blue wood siding in front and brick walls on the sides.
October 9, 1960
(#66000786)
Medford
42°24′43″N 71°06′41″W / 42.4119°N 71.1115°W / 42.4119; -71.1115 (Isaac Royall House)
Middlesex This c. 1692 house was extensively expanded in the 18th century by merchant and slaveowner Isaac Royall Jr. It was occupied by John Stark during the 1775–76 Siege of Boston. A well-preserved Georgian house that is now a museum.
112 Count Rumford Birthplace
A red two story colonial house with wooden roof. Flowers have been planted on either side of the front door.
January 15, 1975
(#75001942)
Woburn
42°30′27″N 71°09′40″W / 42.5076°N 71.1611°W / 42.5076; -71.1611 (Count Rumford Birthplace)
Middlesex Inventor and scientist Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814) was born in this well-preserved 1714 house. Thompson was lauded in Europe for his discoveries (including key advances in the field of thermodynamics); he received honors including the title Count Rumford. The house is now a museum.
113 Sampson-White Joiner Shop
December 11, 2023
(#100009826)
Duxbury
42°01′19″N 70°44′42″W / 42.0219°N 70.7450°W / 42.0219; -70.7450 (Sampson-White Joiner Shop)
Plymouth The only known surviving 18th-century woodworking shop in its original setting with original fixtures.
114* Saugus Iron Works
A complex of wooden barn-like buildings stands on a hillside. Water wheels for providing mechanical power are visible on the outsides.
November 27, 1963
(#66000047)
Saugus
42°28′04″N 71°00′32″W / 42.4678°N 71.0089°W / 42.4678; -71.0089 (Saugus Iron Works)
Essex This National Historic Site preserves an early colonial ironworks, dating to 1646.
115 Sever Hall, Harvard University
A large brick academic building. It has some ornate decorations, and two rounded sections separate the central portion from wings on either side.
December 30, 1970
(#70000732)
Cambridge
42°22′28″N 71°06′56″W / 42.3744°N 71.1155°W / 42.3744; -71.1155 (Sever Hall, Harvard University)
Middlesex This mature work of H. H. Richardson is a classroom building. Richardson sought to integrate contemporary ideas of architecture into Harvard's largely Georgian campus.
116 Spencer-Pierce-Little House
The rear of a 2+ story stone house has a wooden addition extending off to the left. An old-fashioned water pump with bucket is near the door.
October 18, 1968
(#68000043)
Newbury
42°47′36″N 70°51′23″W / 42.7933°N 70.8564°W / 42.7933; -70.8564 (Spencer-Pierce-Little House)
Essex This house is a rare example of a 17th-century stone house in New England. Relatively unchanged despite additions over the centuries, it is now owned by Historic New England, who operate the site as a farm and museum.
117* Springfield Armory
An engraving depicting a three story rectangular building with a tower protruding from the center of the front (long side). The building is in a garden setting where people are seen promenading.
December 19, 1960
(#66000898)
Springfield
42°06′29″N 72°34′54″W / 42.1081°N 72.5817°W / 42.1081; -72.5817 (Springfield Armory)
Hampden Until 1968 this site was a part of the nation's first armories and weapons production facilities, and a major military research facility. It was a focal point of the 1787 Shays' Rebellion, a local uprising against oppressive state fiscal policies.
118 Joseph Story House
A three story brick house with white trim and black shutters. The front door is sheltered by a portico, which also supports a second floor balcony.
November 7, 1973
(#73001952)
Salem
42°31′31″N 70°53′23″W / 42.5253°N 70.8898°W / 42.5253; -70.8898 (Joseph Story House)
Essex Joseph Story (1779–1845) was an influential United States Supreme Court Justice on the John Marshall court. Story's jurisprudence and legal thought were highly influential during his tenure on the court (1811–45). Story lived in this Federalist style home from 1811 to 1829.
119 Mary Fisk Stoughton House
A brown shingled house is obscured by a wooden fence and an arbor.
June 29, 1989
(#89001246)
Cambridge
42°22′34″N 71°07′29″W / 42.3760°N 71.1246°W / 42.3760; -71.1246 (Mary Fisk Stoughton House)
Middlesex This 1880s Shingle style home by H. H. Richardson was one of his last commissions, and the best surviving example of his work in that style. The house's residents included Harvard University professor and historian John Fiske.
120 Elihu Thomson House
A brick two story house with richly detailed tan and white trim. A round portico with balcony above is in the center of the house, and the upper roof section has a low white railing surrounding it.
January 7, 1976
(#76002002)
Swampscott
42°28′11″N 70°55′06″W / 42.4697°N 70.9184°W / 42.4697; -70.9184 (Elihu Thomson House)
Essex Elihu Thomson (1853–1937) was an inventor and pioneer in the field of electrical engineering. Along with Thomas Alva Edison he founded General Electric. This 1889 Georgian Revival house was Thomson's home for many years; it now serves as Swampscott's town hall.
121 Peter Tufts House
A 2+ story brick colonial house. The windows are comparatively narrow, and there are small round windows near the corners of.
October 18, 1968
(#68000044)
Medford
42°24′41″N 71°05′37″W / 42.4115°N 71.0937°W / 42.4115; -71.0937 (Peter Tufts House)
Middlesex This house, whose construction date is uncertain but believed to be in the mid-to-late 17th century, is quite possibly the oldest brick house in North America. It was probably built by Peter Tufts (1628–1702), an early settler of Medford. It is owned by the Medford Historical Society, which seasonally offers tours.
122 United First Parish Church (Unitarian) Of Quincy
A granite church with a pillared front. Its tower also has a pillared section above a section with clocks, and below a copper-colored cupola.
December 30, 1970
(#70000734)
Quincy
42°15′04″N 71°00′11″W / 42.2512°N 71.003°W / 42.2512; -71.003 (United First Parish Church (Unitarian) Of Quincy)
Norfolk Alexander Parris designed this Greek Revival church in the 1820s for the oldest congregation in Quincy. Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams are buried here.
123 United States Customhouse
The front of a granite building, which has four columns supporting a triangular pediment.
December 30, 1970
(#70000735)
New Bedford
41°38′07″N 70°55′29″W / 41.6353°N 70.9247°W / 41.6353; -70.9247 (United States Customhouse)
Bristol This outstanding example of a public building in the Greek Revival style has been used as a customs facility since 1834.
124 University Hall, Harvard University
A large rectangular granite building, with two entrances on the long face.
December 30, 1970
(#70000736)
Cambridge
42°22′28″N 71°07′02″W / 42.3745°N 71.1171°W / 42.3745; -71.1171 (University Hall, Harvard University)
Middlesex Architect Charles Bulfinch designed, and engineer Loammi Baldwin Jr. constructed this Harvard College facility. Originally used for classes and dining, it now houses the administrative offices.
125 The Vale
An expansive mansion: it has a large roughly square central section that is three stories with two story wings extending from either side. Square window boxes are built out from the central section. The house is light blue with white trim.
December 30, 1970
(#70000737)
Waltham
42°23′02″N 71°13′49″W / 42.3839°N 71.2303°W / 42.3839; -71.2303 (The Vale)
Middlesex Now more commonly called the Lyman Estate, this was the country estate of Boston merchant Theodore Lyman. Built in 1793, it includes one of the nation's oldest greenhouses, and has survived with most of its landscaping intact. It is open to the public.
126 Walden Pond
A late fall sunny day shows the pond's blue waters and tree-lined shores.
December 29, 1962
(#66000790)
Concord
42°26′18″N 71°20′31″W / 42.4384°N 71.342°W / 42.4384; -71.342 (Walden Pond)
Middlesex Now part of a state reservation, Henry David Thoreau's cabin was located here. The time Thoreau spent here was inspiration for his conservationist treatise Walden.
127 John Ward House
A brown-painted colonial house with two large front-facing gable dormers. The windows have very small diamond panes of glass.
October 18, 1982
(#68000045)
Salem
42°31′22″N 70°53′30″W / 42.5229°N 70.8916°W / 42.5229; -70.8916 (John Ward House)
Essex Construction was begun on this house in 1684, with owner John Ward making several modifications to it prior to his death. The building, now owned by the Peabody Essex Museum, stands as a fine example of the organic growth of early colonial houses.
128 The Wayside, "Home of Authors"
A rambling yellow two-story house, featuring a porch wrapping around the left side, three chimneys, and a square turret rising from the rear.
December 29, 1962
(#80000356)
Concord
42°27′32″N 71°19′59″W / 42.4589°N 71.3331°W / 42.4589; -71.3331 (The Wayside)
Middlesex This c. 1700 house, part of the Minuteman National Historical Park, was home to three writers in the 19th century: Louisa May Alcott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret Sidney. The Park Service opens the house for tours seasonally.
129 Daniel Webster Law Office
A black and white photograph of a small one-room building. It has a door on one side and a window on another.
May 30, 1974
(#74002053)
Marshfield
42°04′17″N 70°40′21″W / 42.0714°N 70.6725°W / 42.0714; -70.6725 (Daniel Webster Law Office)
Plymouth Lawyer, politician, and orator Daniel Webster (1782–1852) used this 1832 cottage as his office and library. Originally located on his Marshfield estate, it is now on the grounds of the nearby Isaac Winslow House Museum.
130 Wesleyan Grove
Two gingerbread cottages; both feature weathered cedar shingling and brightly colored trim elements.
April 5, 2005
(#05000458)
Oak Bluffs
41°27′19″N 70°33′41″W / 41.4553°N 70.5614°W / 41.4553; -70.5614 (Wesleyan Grove)
Dukes Wesleyan Grove is a Methodist camp meeting established in 1835. Its grounds, which are open to the public, feature a large number of Victorian era gingerbread cottages. As one of the earliest camps of this type, its features were influential in the development of other permanent camp meeting facilities.
131+ Western Railroad Stone Arch Bridges and Chester Factory Village Depot
Western Railroad Stone Arch Bridges and Chester Factory Village Depot
January 13, 2021
(#100006273)
Vicinity of Herbert Cross Road, Middlefield/Becket Line (Bridges and Roadbed); 10 Prospect Street (Depot)
42°18′20″N 73°00′19″W / 42.3055°N 73.0054°W / 42.3055; -73.0054 (Western Railroad Stone Arch Bridges and Chester Factory Village Depot)
Berkshire, Hampden, and Hampshire 1840s railroad engineering that proved the ability to cross mountainous terrain. Extends into Chester and Middlefield; includes a subset of the Middlefield-Becket Stone Arch Railroad Bridge District.
132 John Whipple House
A large brown colonial-style house with multiple leanto additions. There is a flower garden in front of the house.
October 9, 1960
(#66000791)
Ipswich
42°40′36″N 70°50′10″W / 42.6766°N 70.8361°W / 42.6766; -70.8361 (John Whipple House)
Essex The earliest portions of this house date to 1642. It has been operated as a museum (now known as the Ipswich Museum) since the 1890s.
133 John Greenleaf Whittier Home
A rambling colonial house, painted white with black shutters. The front yard is surrounded by picket fencing, and a sign mounted on the front door's portico reads "Whittier Home".
December 29, 1962
(#66000792)
Amesbury
42°51′21″N 70°56′07″W / 42.8558°N 70.9353°W / 42.8558; -70.9353 (John Greenleaf Whittier Home)
Essex This house was the longtime home of poet and abolitionist John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–92). It is now a house museum.
134 Winn Memorial Library
A large stone library building, made of brown and white stone. Windows of the library are separated by small stone columns, and arches of alternating light and dark stone surmount some of the larger windows. The roof line and three-story Gothic tower have decorative stone elements. In front of the building stands a bronze statue of Count Rumford wearing robes.
December 23, 1987
(#76000290)
Woburn
42°28′45″N 71°09′16″W / 42.4792°N 71.1545°W / 42.4792; -71.1545 (Winn Memorial Library)
Middlesex This was the first public library building designed by H. H. Richardson; it was built between 1876 and 1879. It still houses Woburn's public library.
135 Wright's Tavern
A 2+ story colonial house with two chimneys. It is painted red and has black shutters.
January 20, 1961
(#66000793)
Concord
42°27′36″N 71°20′55″W / 42.4601°N 71.3487°W / 42.4601; -71.3487 (Wright's Tavern)
Middlesex Wright's Tavern was used in October 1774 as the first meeting place of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. In April 1775 it was the assembly point for Concord's Minutemen before the Battles of Lexington and Concord.

See also

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