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List of birds of Dry Tortugas National Park facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts

Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida is a special place where many different kinds of birds come to visit or live. This list tells you about all the amazing bird species that have been seen there!

The park's official bird list, from February 2004, included 281 different types of birds. Some birds are seen often, while others are quite rare. Here's what the special codes next to some bird names mean:

  • (O) Occasionally observed: These birds have been seen only 1 to 5 times during the season when they are most common.
  • (R) Rarely observed: These birds have been seen 6 to 10 times during the season when they are most common.
  • (B) Breeding: These birds are known to build nests and raise their babies in the park.
  • (B?) Possibly breeding: We think these birds might breed in the park, but it's not confirmed yet.
  • (I) Introduced: These birds were brought to North America by people, either on purpose or by accident, and now live in Florida.
  • (E) Extinct: This means the bird species no longer exists anywhere in the world.

This list follows a special scientific order called "taxonomic sequence," which groups birds by their families and how they are related. The names come from the American Ornithological Society (AOS) and Clements taxonomy.

Contents

Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl: Pond Pals

Bucephala-albeola-007
Bufflehead

Order: Anseriformes • Family: Anatidae

This family includes ducks, geese, and swans. These birds are experts at living in water! They have webbed feet for swimming, flat bills for finding food, and special oily feathers that shed water easily.

Flamingoes: Pink Waders

Order: Phoenicopteriformes • Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingoes are tall, social wading birds, usually about 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters) tall. They are found in many parts of the world. Flamingos eat shellfish and algae by filtering them from the water. Their unique beaks are shaped to separate mud from their food and are used upside-down!

Grebes: Diving Birds

Pied-billed Grebe 0561
Pied-billed grebe

Order: Podicipediformes • Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-sized birds that dive in freshwater. They have special lobed toes that make them excellent swimmers and divers. However, their feet are set far back on their bodies, so they are a bit clumsy on land.

Pigeons and Doves: Common Visitors

Order: Columbiformes • Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are birds with sturdy bodies, short necks, and slender bills. They have a fleshy area at the base of their bill called a cere.

Cuckoos: Long-Tailed Birds

Order: Cuculiformes • Family: Cuculidae

This family includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds vary in size and have slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

Nightjars and Allies: Night Flyers

Chuck-wills-widow RWD7
Chuck-will's-widow

Order: Caprimulgiformes • Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized birds that are active at night. They usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Their soft feathers are colored to help them blend in with bark or leaves.

Swifts: Masters of Flight

Order: Apodiformes • Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds that spend most of their lives flying. They have very short legs and almost never land on the ground. Instead, they perch on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long, swept-back wings that look like a crescent moon.

Hummingbirds: Tiny Hoverers

Rubythroathummer65
Ruby-throated hummingbird

Order: Apodiformes • Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are tiny birds famous for hovering in mid-air. They flap their wings incredibly fast. They are the only birds that can fly backward!

Rails, Gallinules, and Coots: Shy Water Birds

PurpleGallinule
Purple gallinule

Order: Gruiformes • Family: Rallidae

This is a large family of small to medium-sized birds. It includes rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. They usually live in thick plants near lakes, swamps, or rivers. They are often shy and hard to spot. Most have strong legs with long toes and short, rounded wings. They are not very strong fliers.

Limpkin: A Unique Wader

Order: Gruiformes • Family: Aramidae

The limpkin is an unusual bird that looks like a large rail. It is found in marshy areas with some trees in the Caribbean, South America, and southern Florida.

Cranes: Elegant Dancers

Order: Gruiformes • Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, tall birds with long legs and long necks. Unlike herons, which look similar, cranes fly with their necks stretched out. Many cranes perform fancy and loud courtship "dances." When in a group, they might also "dance" just for fun or to attract a mate.

Stilts and Avocets: Long-Legged Waders

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Recurvirostridae

This family includes avocets and stilts, which are large wading birds. Avocets have long legs and long, bills that curve upward. Stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Oystercatchers: Shellfish Eaters

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Haematopodidae

Oystercatchers are large, easy-to-spot, and noisy birds. They have strong bills that they use to smash or pry open molluscs like oysters.

Plovers and Lapwings: Open Country Birds

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Charadriidae

This family includes plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, pointed wings. They usually live in open areas, especially near water.

Sandpipers and Allies: Shoreline Foragers

Calidris-alba-001
Sanderling

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Scolopacidae

This is a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds. It includes sandpipers, curlews, godwits, and snipes. Most of them eat small insects and other tiny creatures they find in mud or sand. Different bill and leg lengths allow many species to feed in the same areas without competing for food.

Skuas and Jaegers: Powerful Seabirds

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas are medium to large seabirds, usually gray or brown with white marks on their wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large, dark gulls but have a fleshy area above their upper bill. They are strong, agile fliers.

Auks, Murres, and Puffins: Ocean Dwellers

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Alcidae

Alcids look a bit like penguins because of their black-and-white colors and upright posture. However, they are not closely related to penguins and can fly (except for one extinct type). Auks live on the open sea and only come to land to breed.

Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers: Coastal Birds

Larus delawarensis portrait
Ring-billed gull
Leasttern54
Least tern

Order: Charadriiformes • Family: Laridae

The Laridae family includes gulls, terns, and skimmers. They are medium to large seabirds, usually gray or white, often with black markings on their heads or wings. They have strong, longish bills and webbed feet.

Tropicbirds: Long-Tailed Beauties

Order: Phaethontiformes • Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds found in tropical oceans. They have incredibly long central tail feathers. Their long wings and heads have black markings.

Loons: Diving Water Birds

Order: Gaviiformes • Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds, about the size of a large duck, but not related to them. Their feathers are mostly gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim very well and fly adequately. However, because their legs are placed far back on their bodies, they are clumsy on land.

Southern Storm-Petrels: Small Seabirds

Order: Procellariiformes • Family: Oceanitidae

Storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds. They are related to petrels. They eat tiny crustaceans and small fish from the water's surface, often while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes looks like a bat's.

Northern Storm-Petrels: Ocean Flyers

Order: Procellariiformes • Family: Hydrobatidae

Even though these birds look and act much like southern storm-petrels, genetic differences mean they belong in their own family.

Shearwaters and Petrels: Tube-Nosed Birds

Order: Procellariiformes • Family: Procellariidae

These are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels." They are known for their unique tubular nostrils.

Frigatebirds: Aerial Acrobats

Order: Suliformes • Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are black, or black and white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. Males have colorful throat pouches that they can inflate. They cannot swim or walk well and cannot take off from a flat surface. They have the largest wingspan compared to their body weight of any bird, allowing them to stay in the air for over a week!

Boobies and Gannets: Plunge Divers

Morus-bassanus Northern Gannet
Northern gannet

Order: Suliformes • Family: Sulidae

The sulids include gannets and boobies. Both are medium-large coastal seabirds that dive headfirst into the water to catch fish.

Anhingas: Snakebirds

Order: Suliformes • Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas, also called darters or snakebirds, are water birds similar to cormorants. They have long necks and long, straight beaks. They eat fish, diving for long periods. They often swim with only their neck above the water, looking like a water snake.

Cormorants and Shags: Dark Water Birds

Order: Suliformes • Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium to large aquatic birds, usually with mostly dark feathers and colored skin on their faces. Their bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. They have four webbed toes.

Pelicans: Pouch-Beaked Birds

Order: Pelecaniformes • Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a unique pouch under their beak. Like other birds in their order, they have four webbed toes.

Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns: Wading Wonders

Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis at Rietvlei Nature Reserve, South Africa (10159584906)
Cattle egret

Order: Pelecaniformes • Family: Ardeidae

This family includes herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are wading birds with long necks and legs. Herons are generally larger, and egrets are smaller. The cattle egret is often seen near cattle, eating insects stirred up by the animals. Bitterns tend to have shorter necks and are more secretive. Unlike storks or ibises, these birds fly with their necks pulled back in a curve.

Ibises and Spoonbills: Unique Bills

Order: Pelecaniformes • Family: Threskiornithidae

This family includes ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings, elongated bodies, and long legs. Their bills are also long: ibises have bills that curve downward, while spoonbills have straight, flattened bills.

New World Vultures: Nature's Clean-Up Crew

Order: Cathartiformes • Family: Cathartidae

New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but they look similar because they evolved to do the same job. Like Old World vultures, they are scavengers, meaning they eat dead animals. Unlike Old World vultures, which find food by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell to find carcasses.

Osprey: Fish Hunters

Order: Accipitriformes • Family: Pandionidae

The Osprey family includes only one type of bird. Ospreys are fish-eating birds of prey. They have very large, powerful hooked beaks for tearing meat, strong legs, powerful talons, and excellent eyesight.

Hawks, Eagles, and Kites: Birds of Prey

Red-shouldered Hawk - Buteo lineatus,Chekika Day-use Area, Everglades National Park, Homestead, Florida
Red-shouldered hawk

Order: Accipitriformes • Family: Accipitridae

This family of birds of prey includes hawks, eagles, kites, and harriers. They have very large, hooked beaks for tearing meat from their prey. They also have strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

Barn-Owls: Heart-Faced Hunters

Order: Strigiformes • Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with big heads and unique heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with powerful talons.

Owls: Nighttime Hunters

Order: Strigiformes • Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are solitary birds of prey that are active at night. They have large eyes that face forward and good hearing. They have a hawk-like beak and a clear circle of feathers around each eye, called a facial disk.

Kingfishers: Fisher Birds

Order: Coraciiformes • Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Woodpeckers: Tree Tappers

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (14150650217)
Yellow-bellied sapsucker

Order: Piciformes • Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks. They have short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues for catching insects. Many woodpeckers tap loudly on tree trunks with their beaks.

Falcons and Caracaras: Fast Hunters

Order: Falconiformes • Family: Falconidae

This family includes falcons and caracaras. They are different from hawks and eagles because they kill their prey with their beaks instead of their talons.

Tyrant Flycatchers: Insect Eaters

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are songbirds found across North and South America. They look a bit like Old World flycatchers but are stronger and have more powerful bills. Most of them eat insects.

Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis: New World Songbirds

Warbling Vireo - Sisters - Oregon S4E7012 (19236790445)
Warbling vireo

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Vireonidae

Vireos are small to medium-sized songbirds found only in the New World (Americas). They are usually greenish and look like wood warblers, but they have heavier bills.

Shrikes: Impaling Hunters

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are songbirds known for catching other birds and small animals. They often impale the parts they don't eat on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, similar to a bird of prey.

Crows, Jays, and Magpies: Smart Birds

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Corvidae

This family includes crows, ravens, and jays. Corvids are larger than average songbirds. Some of the bigger species are very intelligent.

Tits, Chickadees, and Titmice: Woodland Birds

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Paridae

The Paridae family mostly consists of small, stocky woodland birds with short, strong bills. Some have crests on their heads. They are adaptable birds that eat a mix of seeds and insects.

Swallows: Aerial Feeders

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Barn swallow

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Hirundinidae

The swallow family is built for catching food in the air. They have slender, streamlined bodies, long pointed wings, and short bills with wide mouths. Their feet are better for perching than walking.

Kinglets: Tiny Crowned Birds

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Regulidae

Kinglets are a small family of birds that look like titmice. They are very tiny insect-eating birds. Adult kinglets have colored crowns on their heads, which is how they got their name.

Waxwings: Silky Plumage Birds

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Bombycillidae

Waxwings are a group of birds with soft, silky feathers. They have unique red tips on some of their wing feathers that look like sealing wax, giving them their name. These birds live in northern forests. They eat insects in summer and berries in winter.

Gnatcatchers: Small Insect Eaters

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Polioptilidae

The Polioptilidae family is a group of small insect-eating songbirds. It includes gnatcatchers and gnatwrens.

Wrens: Loud Singers

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and often hard to see, except for their very loud songs. They have short wings and thin, downward-curved bills. Several species often hold their tails straight up. All wrens eat insects.

Mockingbirds and Thrashers: Amazing Mimics

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Mimidae

This family of songbirds includes thrashers, mockingbirds, and catbirds. They are famous for their singing, especially their incredible ability to copy the sounds of many other birds and outdoor noises. These birds usually have dull gray and brown feathers.

Starlings: Social Birds

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized songbirds with strong feet. They fly strongly and directly and are very social. They prefer open areas and eat insects and fruit. Their feathers are usually dark with a metallic shine.

Thrushes and Allies: Ground Feeders

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Turdidae

Thrushes are a group of songbirds, mostly found in the Old World. They are plump, soft-feathered, small to medium-sized birds that eat insects or sometimes everything. They often feed on the ground. Many thrushes have beautiful songs.

Old World Sparrows: Seed Eaters

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small songbirds. Generally, sparrows are small, plump, brownish or grayish birds with short tails and strong, short beaks. Sparrows mainly eat seeds, but they also eat small insects.

Wagtails and Pipits: Ground Foragers

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Motacillidae

This family includes wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender, small songbirds with medium to long tails. They eat insects found on the ground in open areas.

Finches, Euphonias, and Allies: Cone-Billed Birds

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Fringillidae

Finches are songbirds that eat seeds. They are small to medium-sized and have strong, usually cone-shaped, and sometimes very large, beaks. They fly with a bouncing motion, alternating between flapping and gliding. Most finches sing well.

New World Sparrows: Distinctive Head Patterns

Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) (2862896572)
Grasshopper sparrow

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Passerellidae

Many of these species are called sparrows, but they are not closely related to the Old World sparrows. Many of these birds have unique patterns on their heads.

Spindalises: Caribbean Natives

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Spindalidae

The birds in this small family are native to the Greater Antilles islands. One species is seen quite often in Florida.

Yellow-Breasted Chat: A Unique Songbird

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Icteriidae

This bird was once thought to be a wood-warbler, but now it has its own family!

Troupials and Allies: Colorful New World Birds

Boat-tailed Grackle RWD CedarIslandFerry
Boat-tailed grackle

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, songbirds found only in the New World. This family includes grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most are mainly black, often with bright yellow, orange, or red colors.

New World Warblers: Tiny, Bright Insectivores

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Yellow-rumped warbler

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Parulidae

Wood warblers are a group of small, often colorful, songbirds found only in the New World. Most live in trees, but some live on the ground. Most birds in this family eat insects.

Cardinals and Allies: Strong-Billed Seed Eaters

Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) (24160640865)
Painted bunting

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Cardinalidae

Cardinals are a family of strong, seed-eating birds with powerful bills. They usually live in open woodlands. Males and females often have different colored feathers.

Tanagers and Allies: Colorful Omnivores

Order: Passeriformes • Family: Thraupidae

Tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized songbirds found only in the New World, mostly in tropical areas. Many species are brightly colored. As a family, they eat a variety of foods, including fruits, seeds, insects, or other things. Most have short, rounded wings.

See also

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