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List of birds of Alaska facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
WillowPtarmigan23
The willow ptarmigan is the state bird of Alaska.

The list of birds of Alaska includes every wild bird species recorded in the U.S. state of Alaska, based on the list published by the Alaska Checklist Committee.

Only birds that are considered to have established, self-sustaining, wild populations in Alaska are included on this list. This means that birds that are considered probable escapees, although they may have been sighted flying free in Alaska, are not included. Species which the Checklist Committee considers to depend entirely on human feeding, such as rock pigeon, are also not included.

This list is presented in taxonomic order and follows The Check-list of North American Birds (7th edition, 57th supplement, 2016), published by the American Ornithologists' Union.

The following codes and definitions are used by the Alaska Checklist Committee to annotate some species:

  • (R) = Rare - Annual or possibly annual in small numbers; most such species occur at the perimeter of Alaska, in season; a few are scarce residents
  • (C) = Casual - Not annual; these species are beyond the periphery of annual range, but recur in Alaska at irregular intervals, usually in seasonal and regional patterns
  • (A) = Accidental - One or two Alaska records
  • (U) = Unsubstantiated - attributed to Alaska without specimen or photo substantiation

Ducks, geese and swans

Branta-canadensis-004
Canada goose

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

Grouse

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have very long, swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

  • Black swift, Cypseloides niger
  • Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (A)
  • Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi
  • White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus (C)
  • Common swift, Apus apus (C)
  • Fork-tailed swift, Apus pacificus

Hummingbirds

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

Rails and coots

Fulica americana3
American coot

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and tend to be weak fliers.

  • Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis (U)
  • Virginia rail, Rallus limicola (C)
  • Sora, Porzana carolina (R)
  • Baillon's crake, Porzana pusilla (U) (This species is not on the AOU North American checklist; moreover, it is assigned to genus Zapornia by Clements)
  • Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus (A)
  • Eurasian coot. Fulica atra (A)
  • American coot, Fulica americana (R)

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Stilts and avocets

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

  • Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus (C)
  • American avocet, Recurvirostra americana (C)

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious, and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Lapwings and plovers

Killdeer
Killdeer

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

  • Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (A)
  • Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
  • European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria (C)
  • American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
  • Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva
  • Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (R)
  • Kentish plover/Snowy plover, Charadrius alexandrinus/nivosus (U) (Kentish plover is not on the AOU North American checklist)
  • Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula (R)
  • Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
  • Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius (C)
  • Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
  • Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus (C)

Sandpipers, phalaropes, and allies

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Pratincoles

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

  • Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum (A)

Jaegers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

Jaegers and skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

  • South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (C)
  • Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
  • Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
  • Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

The family Alcidae includes auks, murres and puffins. These are short-winged birds that live on the open sea and normally only come ashore for breeding.

Gulls and terns

Larus-delawarensis-021
Ring-billed gull

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.

Loons

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body.

Albatrosses

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Shearwaters and petrels

Northern Fulmar
Northern fulmar

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

  • Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (A)

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Cormorants

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed, a distinguishing feature among the Pelecaniformes order.

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

Bitterns, herons, and egrets

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

  • American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus (C)
  • Eurasian bittern, Botaurus stellaris (U) (This species is not on the AOU North

American checklist)

  • Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis (A)
  • Great blue heron, Ardea herodias
  • Gray heron, Ardea cinerea (C)
  • Great egret, Ardea alba (C)
  • Intermediate egret, Mesophoyx intermedia (A)
  • Chinese egret, Egretta eulophotes (A)
  • Little egret, Egretta garzetta (A)
  • Snowy egret, Egretta thula (U)
  • Tricolored heron, Egretta tricolor (A)
  • Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (C)
  • Chinese pond-heron, Ardeola bacchus (C)
  • Green heron, Butorides virescens (A)
  • Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (C)

Ibises

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies are elongated, the neck more so, with long legs. The bill is also long, curved downward in the ibises, straight and markedly flattened in the spoonbills.

New World vultures

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers, however, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

Hawks, kites, and eagles

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

  • Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
  • White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla (C)
  • Steller's sea-eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus (C)
  • Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus
  • Chinese sparrowhawk, Accipiter soloensis (U)
  • Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus (U) (This species is not on the AOU North American checklist)
  • Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus
  • Cooper’s hawk, Accipiter cooperii (U)
  • Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
  • Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni (R)
  • Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis
  • Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
  • Common buzzard, Buteo buteo (U) (This species is not on the AOU North American checklist)
  • Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos

Typical owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Hoopoes

Order: Upupiformes   Family: Upupidae

This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. It is the only member of its family. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

  • Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon

Woodpeckers

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Falcons

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Shrikes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a bird of prey.

  • Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (C)
  • Northern shrike, Lanius excubitor

Vireos

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

Crows and jays

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Larks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

  • Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis (R)
  • Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris

Swallows and martins

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is a group of passerines characterized by their adaptation to aerial feeding. These adaptations include a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and short bills with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Chickadees

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Nuthatches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Treecreepers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Wrens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright.

  • Pacific wren, Troglodytes pacificus
  • Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris (A)

Dippers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are small, stout, birds that feed in cold, fast moving streams.

Kinglets

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their names.

Leaf warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

  • Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus (C)
  • Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita (C)
  • Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (C)
  • Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (R)
  • Pallas's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (A)
  • Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus (C)
  • Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
  • Kamchatka leaf warbler, Phylloscopus examinandus (C)

Sylviid warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia, and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

  • Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca (A)

Reed warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

  • Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (A)
  • Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A) (This species is not on the AOU North American checklist)

Grassbirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

  • Middendorff's grasshopper-warbler, Locustella ochotensis (C)
  • Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata (C)

Old World flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

This a large family of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. Most of the species below only occur in North America as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

  • Gray-streaked flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta (C)
  • Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica (C)
  • Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (A)
  • Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica (C)
  • Rufous-tailed robin, Luscinia sibilans (C)
  • Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
  • Siberian blue robin, Luscinia cyane (A)
  • Siberian rubythroat, Calliope calliope (R)
  • Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus (C)
  • Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina (A)
  • Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki (U)
  • Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (C)
  • Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus (A)
  • Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
  • Stonechat, Saxicola maurus (C)

Thrushes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Waxwings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

  • Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
  • Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum

Accentors

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. They are endemic to the Palearctic and only appear in North America as a vagrant.

  • Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella (C)

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

  • Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis
  • Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (C)
  • White wagtail, Motacilla alba (R)
  • Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis (C)
  • Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni (C)
  • Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi (C)
  • Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
  • American pipit, Anthus rubescens

Fringilline and cardueline finches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

  • Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
  • Asian rosy-finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis (A)
  • Gray-crowned rosy-finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis
  • Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
  • Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula (C)
  • Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus (C)
  • Pallas's rosefinch, Carpodacus roseus (A) (This species is not on the AOU North American checklist)
  • House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus (C)
  • Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus (R)
  • Cassin's finch, Haemorhous cassinii (C)
  • Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
  • White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
  • Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea
  • Hoary redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni
  • Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus (C)
  • Pine siskin, Spinus pinus
  • American goldfinch, Spinus tristis (C)
  • Oriental greenfinch, Chloris sinica (C)
  • Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus (C)
  • Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes (C)

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

Wood-warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

New World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

Emberizidae is a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

Cardinals and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Blackbirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

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List of birds of Alaska Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.