List of birds of New Zealand facts for kids

See also: List of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds and Endemic birds of New Zealand

In this list of New Zealand birds, Māori names (where known) are given first, followed by English alternatives. In some cases (tui, kākā, weka, pūkeko, moa, kiwi, kea, kōkako, takahē) the Māori name is the common name. In other cases (fantail, albatross, black-backed gull, bellbird, morepork, dotterel, wax-eye, oystercatcher) the English name is most commonly used.

This list's taxonomic treatment and nomenclature (common and scientific names) mainly follows the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2016 edition. Some supplemental referencing is that of the Avibase Bird Checklists of the World as of January 2017.

The species and subspecies marked extinct became extinct subsequent to humans' arrival in New Zealand. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of Māori but before the arrival of Pākehā and the rest since Pākehā arrived.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in New Zealand as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote other categories of species:

• (B) Breeding - confirmed nesting records in New Zealand or a portion thereof.
• (I) Introduced - a species introduced to New Zealand by the actions of humans, either directly or indirectly
• (X) Extinct - a species that no longer exists
• (ex) Extirpated - a species no longer found in New Zealand or a portion thereof but existing elsewhere
• (P) - a regularly occurring in New Zealand or a portion thereof. The species occurs on an annual or mostly annual basis, but does not nest in New Zealand.
• (V) Vagrant - a species rarely occurring in New Zealand or a portion thereof.

The Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, published in 2010 by Te Papa Press, in association with the Ornithological Society of New Zealand, is an authoritative list of New Zealand birds.

Kiwi

Order: Struthioniformes Family: Apterygidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Great spotted kiwi Apteryx haastii*			B
Little spotted kiwi Apteryx owenii*		B	B
Okarito brown kiwi Apteryx rowi*			B
Tokoeka Apteryx australis*			B	B
North Island brown kiwi Apteryx mantelli*		B

Moa

Order: Struthioniformes Family: Dinornithidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Upland moa Megalapteryx didinus*			X
Bush moa Anomalopteryx didiformis*		X	X
Coastal moa Euryapteryx curtus*		X
Broad-billed moa Euryapteryx geranoides*			X
Eastern moa Emeus crassus*			X
Crested moa Pachyornis australis*			X
Heavy-footed moa Pachyornis elephantopus *			X	X
North Island giant moa Dinornis novaezealandiae		X
South Island giant moa Dinornis robustus			X	X

Penguins

Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
King penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus			V	V	V	V	V	V	V
Emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri		V	V
Gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua			V			V		V	V
Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae			V
Chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarctica			V					V	V
Northern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes moseleyi		V			V
Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome						V
Fiordland penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus*		V	B	B		V	V	V
Snares penguin Eudyptes robustus*		V	V	V	V	B	V	V	V
Erect-crested penguin Eudyptes sclateri*		V	V	V	V	V	V	V	B	B
Macaroni penguin Eudyptes chrysolophus						V		V
Royal penguin Eudyptes schlegeli		V	V		V	V		V	V
Yellow-eyed penguin Megadyptes antipodes *		V	B	B	V	V	B	B
Waitaha penguin Megadyptes waitaha *			X	X
Blue penguin Eudyptula minor		B	B	B	B	V

• 

  Fiordland penguin

• 

  Yellow-eyed penguin

Fulmars, petrels and shearwaters

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium nasal septum, and a long outer functional primary flight feather.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Southern giant petrel Macronectes giganteus	P
Northern giant petrel Macronectes halli		P	P	P	B	P	B	B	B
Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis						V
Southern fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides	P
Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica	V
Cape petrel Daption capense		P	P	P	B	B	B	B	B	B
Kerguelen petrel Lugensa brevirostris		P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Tahiti petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata		V
Bulwer's petrel Pseudobulweria bulwerii		V
Grey-faced petrel Pterodroma gouldi	P	B	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
White-headed petrel Pterodroma lessonii		P	P	P	P	P	B	B?	B	P
Mottled petrel Pterodroma inexpectata	P	P	B	B	P	B	P	P	P	P
Providence petrel Pterodroma solandri	V	V					V
Kermadec petrel Pterodroma neglecta	B	V			V
Magenta petrel Pterodroma magentae					B
Herald petrel Pterodroma heraldica	V
Phoenix petrel Pterodroma alba	V
Soft-plumaged petrel Pterodroma mollis		P	P	P	B	P	P	P	B	P
Imber's petrel Pterodroma imberi					X
Juan Fernandez petrel Pterodroma externa	V	V	V		V
White-necked petrel Pterodroma cervicalis	B	P	P	P
Cook's petrel Pterodroma cookii	P	B	P	B	P	P	P	P	P	P
Gould's petrel Pterodroma leucoptera		P	V
Black-winged petrel Pterodroma nigripennis	B	B	P		B		P	P	P	P
Chatham petrel Pterodroma axillaris					B
Stejneger's petrel Pterodroma longirostris	V	V
Pycroft's petrel Pterodroma pycrofti	V	B			V
Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea	P
Broad-billed prion Pachyptila vittata	P	P	B	B	B	B	P	P	P	P
Salvin's prion Pachyptila salvini	P
Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata	P	P	P	P	P	P	B	B	P	P
Slender-billed prion Pachyptila belcheri	P
Fulmar prion Pachyptila crassirostris	P	P	P	P	B	B	B	P	P	B
Fairy prion Pachyptila turtur	P	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	P
Grey petrel Procellaria cinerea	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	B	B	P
White-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis	P	P	P	P	P	P	B	B	B	P
Black petrel Procellaria parkinsoni	P	B	P		P
Westland petrel Procellaria westlandica	P	P	B	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Cory's shearwater Calonectris diomedea		V
Streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas		V
Pink-footed shearwater Ardenna creatopus		V
Flesh-footed shearwater Ardenna carneipes	P	B	P		P
Wedge-tailed shearwater Ardenna pacifica	B	P
Buller's shearwater Ardenna bulleri	P	B	P	P	P	P
Great shearwater Ardenna gravis		V	V		V
Sooty shearwater or titi]] Ardenna grisea	P	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	P
Short-tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris	P
Christmas shearwater Puffinus nativitatis	V	V
Newell's shearwater Puffinus newelli		V
Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus		V
Hutton's shearwater Puffinus huttoni		P	B	P		P
Fluttering shearwater Puffinus gavia	P	B	P	P	P	P
Scarlett's shearwater Puffinus spelaus			X
Little shearwater Puffinus assimilis	B	B	P
Subantarctic shearwater Puffinus elegans		P	P	P	B	P	P	B	P	P
Common diving petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix		B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B
South Georgia diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus			B	B			B

Storm petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

The storm petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Wilson's storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus	P
Grey-backed storm petrel Oceanites nereis		P	P	P	B	P	B	P	B	P
New Zealand storm petrel Oceanites maorianus*		B
White-faced storm petrel Pelagodroma marina	B	B	B	B	B	P	B	P	P	P
Black-bellied storm petrel Fregetta tropica	P	P	P	P	P	P	B	P	B	B
White-bellied storm petrel Fregetta grallaria	B	V
Leach's storm petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa		V			V

Albatrosses (or toroa)

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are a family of large seabird found across the Southern and North Pacific Oceans. The largest are among the largest flying birds in the world.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Wandering albatross Diomedea exulans	P
Antipodean albatross Diomedea antipodensis*	P	P	P	P	B	P	B	B	B	P
Southern royal albatross Diomedea epomophora*	V	P	P	P	P	P	B	B	P	P
Northern royal albatross Diomedea sanfordi*	V	P	B	P	B	P	B	P	P	P
Black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes			V
White-capped albatross Thalassarche cauta	P	P	P	P	B	P	B	P	B	P
Salvin's albatross Thalassarche salvini	P	P	P	P	P	B	P	P	P	B
Chatham albatross Thalassarche eremita*	P	P	P	P	B	P	P	P	P
Black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophrys	P	P	P	P	P	B	P	B	B	P
Campbell albatross Thalassarche melanophrys*	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	B	P	P
Grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	B	P	P
Buller's albatross Thalassarche bulleri	P	P	B	P	B	B	P	P	P	P
Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos					V
Indian yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche carteri	P	P	P		P
Sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca					V		V	V	V
Light-mantled albatross Phoebetria palpebrata		P	P	P	P	P	B	B	B	P

Tropicbirds

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda	B	P
White-tailed tropicbird Phaethon lepturus		V

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Lesser frigatebird Fregata ariel		V	V		V
Great frigatebird Fregata minor		V	V

Boobies and gannets

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Takapu or Australasian gannet, Morus serrator		B	B	P	P	P	P	P
Cape gannet Morus capensis		V
Red-footed booby Sula sula	V
Masked booby Sula dactylatra	B	V
Brown booby Sula leucogaster	P	P	P	V

Cormorants

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

The Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium-to-large coastal, fish-eating sea-birds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black and white, and a few being colourful. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Kawaupaka or little shag Microcarbo melanoleucos		B	B	B		V	V	V
Kawau or black shag Phalacrocorax carbo		B	B	B	V	V	V
Karuhiruhi or pied shag Phalacrocorax varius		B	B
Little black shag Phalacrocorax sulcirostris		B	B	V		V
Spotted shag Phalacrocorax punctatus		B	B
Pitt shag Phalacrocorax featherstoni					B
King shag Phalacrocorax carunculatus			B
Foveaux shag Phalacrocorax stewarti			B	B
Otago shag Phalacrocorax chalconotus			B
Campbell shag Phalacrocorax campbelli								B
Auckland shag Phalacrocorax colensoi						V	B
Bounty shag Phalacrocorax ranfurlyi									V	B
Chatham shag Phalacrocorax onslowi					B

Darters

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Darters are frequently referred to as "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have a much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet, and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiae		V	V

Pelicans

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with distinctive pouches under their bills. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus		V	V

Bitterns, herons and egrets

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large sized wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds suck as storks, ibises and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Grey heron Ardea cinerea		V
White-necked heron Ardea pacifica	V	V	V
White heron or kotuku Ardea alba	V	P	B	V	V	V
Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis	V	P	P	P	V	V
Intermediate egret Mesophoyx intermedia		V	V
White-faced heron Egretta novaehollandiae	V	B	B	V	B	V	V	V
Little egret Egretta garzetta	V	V	V
Reef heron Egretta sacra	V	B	B	P	V		V
Nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus		B	V	V		V
Little bittern Ixobrychus minutus			V
New Zealand bittern Ixobrychus novaezelandiae		X	X		X

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus		P	P		V
Australian white ibis Threskiornis molucca		V	V
Straw-necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis			V
Royal spoonbill Platalea regia	V	B	B		V
Yellow-billed spoonbill Platalea flavipes		V

Ducks, geese and swans

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are adapted for an aquatic existence, with webbed feet, bills that are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Plumed whistling duck Dendrocygna eytoni		V	V		V
Mute swan Cygnus olor		I	I
Black swan Cygnus atratus		I	I		I
Canada goose Branta canadensis	V	I	I		V		V
Cape Barren goose Cereopsis novahollandiae		V	V
North Island goose Cnemiornis gracilis*		X
South Island goose Cnemiornis calcitrans *			X
Greylag goose Anser anser		I	I		I
Paradise shelduck (Putangitangi) Tadorna variegata*	V	B	B	B	V
Australian shelduck Tadorna tadornoides	V	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
Australian wood duck Chenonetta jubata			V			V
Finsch's duck Chenonetta finschi*		X	X
Blue duck or whio Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos*		B	B
Scarlett's duck Malacorhynchus scarletti*		X	X		X
Pink-eared duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus		V
Chatham duck Anas chathamica					X
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I
Grey duck Anas superciliosa	ex	B	B	V	V	ex	ex	ex
Australasian shoveler Anas rhynchotis		B	B	V	V	V	V
Northern shoveler Anas clypeata		V	V
Grey teal Anas gracilis		B	B	V	V	V	V	V
Chestnut teal Anas castanea		V	V
Brown teal Anas chlorotis*		B	B	ex	ex
Auckland teal Anas aucklandica*							B
Campbell teal Anas nesiotis*								B
Northern pintail Anas acuta			V
New Zealand stiff-tailed duck Oxyura vantetsi		X	X
Hardhead Aythya australis		V	V			V
New Zealand scaup Aythya novaeseelandiae		B	B	ex	ex
New Zealand musk duck Biziura delautouri		X	X
New Zealand merganser Mergus australis		X	X	X			X
Chatham merganser Mergus milleneri					X

Adzebills

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aptornithidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
North Island adzebill Aptornis otidiformis		X
South Island adzebill Aptornis defossor			X

Rails, crakes and coots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Corn crake Crex crex		V
Auckland rail Lewinia muelleri							B
Buff-banded rail Gallirallus philippensis		B	B	B
Dieffenbach's rail Gallirallus dieffenbachii					X
Weka Gallirallus australis		B	B	B	I
Chatham rail Cabalus modestus					X
Snipe-rail Capellirallus karamu		X
Hawkins's rail Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi					X
Spotless crake Porzana tabuensis	B	B	B		ex
Marsh crake Porzana pusilla		B	B	B	B
Australian crake Porzana fluminea		V
Black-tailed nativehen Tribonyx ventralis		V	V
Hodgen's waterhen Tribonyx hodgenorum		X	X
Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus			V
Dusky moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa			V
Pūkeko Porphyrio melanotus	B	B	B	B	B			V
North Island takahē Porphyrio mantelli		X
South Island takahē Porphyrio hochstetteri			B
New Zealand coot Fulica prisca		X	X
Australian coot Fulica atra		B	B
Chatham coot Fulica chathamensis					X

Cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Unidentified crane Grus sp.		V	V

Pheasants

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump, with broad, relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Chukar Alectoris chukar			I
Koreke or New Zealand quail Coturnix novaezelandiae		X	X
Brown quail Coturnix ypsilophora		I
Common pheasant Phasianus colchicus		I	I
Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus		I	I
Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo		I	I

New World quail

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
California quail Callipepla californica		I	I		I

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Torea or variable oystercatcher Haematopus unicolor		B	B	B
South Island oystercatcher Haematopus finschi	V	P	B	P	V	V	V	V
Chatham oystercatcher Haematopus chathamensis					B

Avocets and stilts

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Red-necked avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae		V	V
Kaki or black stilt Himantopus novaezelandiae		P	B
Pied stilt Himantopus leucocephalus		B	B	B

Plovers and lapwings

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva	P	P	P	P	P		V
American golden plover Pluvialis dominucus		V
Grey plover Pluvialis squatarola	V	V	V		V
Ngutuparore or wrybill Anarhynchus frontalis		P	B
Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus		V
Red-capped plover Charadrius ruficapillus		V	V
Banded dotterel Charadrius bicinctus	V	B	B	B	B		B	P
Tuturiwhatu or New Zealand dotterel Charadrius obscurus		B	P	B
Lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus		P	P		V
Greater sand plover Charadrius leschenaulti		P	P
Oriental plover Charadrius veredus	V	V	V		V
Black-fronted dotterel Elsyornis melanops		B	B
Red-kneed dotterel Elsyornis cinctus		V
Masked lapwing Vanellus miles	V	B	B	B	B	V	V	V	V
Tuturuatu or shore plover Thinornis novaeseelandiae		B	B	B	B

Waders or shorebirds

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

The Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
North Island snipe Coenocorypha barrierensis		X
South Island snipe Coenocorypha iredalei			X	X
Forbes's snipe Coenocorypha chathamica					X
Chatham snipe Coenocorypha pusilla					B
Snares snipe Coenocorypha huegeli						B
Subantarctic snipe Coenocorypha aucklandica							B	B	B
Japanese snipe Gallinago hardwickii		V	V	V		V
Great knot Calidris tenuirostris		P	P
Huahou or red knot Calidris canutus	V	P	P		P		V	V
Sanderling Calidris alba		P	P		V
Dunlin Calidris alpina		V
Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea		P	P		V		V
Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus			V
Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata	V	P	P	P	P	V	V
Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos		P	P		V
Baird's sandpiper Calidris bairdii		V
White-rumped sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis		V
Little stint Calidris minuta			V
Red-necked stint Calidris ruficollis		P	P		V		V
Long-toed stint Calidris subminuta			V
Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla		V
Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla		V
Western sandpiper Calidris mauri		V	V
Broad-billed sandpiper Limicola falcinellus		V	V
Buff-breasted sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis		V
Ruff Philomachus pugnax		V
Asiatic dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus		V	V
Far Eastern curlew Numenius madagascarensis	V	P	P	V	V			V
Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus	V	P	P		V
Little curlew Numenius minutus		P	P
Bristle-thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis	V
Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica		P	P
Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa		P	P		P		V
Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica		P	P		P			V
Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda		V
Wandering tattler Tringa incana	V	P	P		V		V
Grey-tailed tattler Tringa brevipes	V	P	P		V	V	V
Common sandpiper Tringa hypoleucos		V	V	V
Common greenshank Tringa nebularia		P	P		V	V		V
Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis		P	P		P
Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes		V	V		V
Terek sandpiper Tringa cinerea		V	V
Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres	V	P	P	P	P	V	P	V	V
Grey phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius		V	V
Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus		V	V
Wilson's phalarope Phalaropus tricolor		V	V

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum	V	V	V	V

Painted-snipe

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Greater painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis			V

Gulls and terns

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Pacific gull Larus pacificus		V
Karoro or southern black-backed gull Larus dominicanus	V	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B
Laughing gull Leucophaeus atricilla		V
Franklin's gull Leucophaeus pipixcan	V	V	V
Red-billed gull Chroicocephalus scopulinus		B	B	B	B	B	B	B
Black-billed gull Chroicocephalus bulleri		B	B
Black noddy Anous minutus	B	V
Brown noddy Anous stolidus	B	V
Grey noddy Procelesterna cerulea	B	P
White tern Gygis alba	B	V	V
Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus	B	V
Grey-backed tern Onychoprion lunatus		V
Bridled tern Onychoprion anaethetus			V
Taranui or Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia	V	P	P		V
Gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica		P	P
White-fronted tern Sterna striata		B	B	B	B	B	B
Common tern Sterna hirundo		P	P
Antarctic tern Sterna vittata		V	P	B	V	B	B	B	B	B
Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea		V	V	V	V	V	V	V	V
Tarapiroe or black-fronted tern Chlidonias albostriatus		P	B
Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybridus		V	V
White-winged black tern Chlidonias leucopterus		P	P
Little tern Sternula albifrons	V	P	P		V
Fairy tern Sternula nereis		B	ex
Crested tern Thalasseus bergii	V	V	V

Skuas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

They are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Arctic skua Stercorarius parasiticus	V	P	P		P				V
Pomarine skua Stercorarius pomarinus		P	P		P
Long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus		P	P		P
Subantarctic skua Stercorarius antarcticus	P	P	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	P
South polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki	V	V	V	V	V	V	V	V	V	V

Pigeons and doves

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Kererū or New Zealand pigeon Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae		B	B	B
Parea or Chatham pigeon Hemiphaga chathamensis					B
Rock dove Columba livia		I	I	I	V	V	V
Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis		I
Barbary dove Spilopelia risoria		I	I

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Australasian grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae		B	P
New Zealand dabchick Poliocephalus rufopectus*		B	V
Hoary-headed grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus		V	V	V		V
Australasian crested grebe Podiceps cristatus		V	B

Hawks, kites and eagles

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey and includes the osprey, hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Black kite Milvus migrans		V	V
Eyles's harrier Circus eylesi		X	X
Kahu or swamp harrier Circus approximans	P	B	B	B	B	P	P	P
Haast's eagle Harpagornis moorei			X	X
White-bellied sea eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster		V

Falcons

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Nankeen kestrel Falco cenchroides		V	V
Kārearea or New Zealand falcon Falco novaeseelandiae		B	B	P	ex	P	B
Black falcon Falco subniger		V

Barn owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Barn owl Tyto alba		V	V

True owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Little owl Athene noctua			I
Whekau or laughing owl Sceloglaux albifacies		X	X	X
Ruru or morepork Ninox novaeseelandiae		B	B	B		V

Owlet-nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Aegothelidae

The owlet-nightjars are a distinctive group of small nocturnal birds related to swifts found from the Maluku Islands and New Guinea to Australia and New Caledonia.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
New Zealand owlet-nightjar Aegotheles novaezealandiae		X	X

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
White-throated needletail Hirandapus caudacutus	P	P	P	P	P	P
Pacific swift Apus pacificus		V	V		V		V

Cuckoos

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Koekoea or long-tailed cuckoo Eudynamys taitensis	P	B	B		P	P	P
Pipiwharauroa or shining cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus	P	B	B	B	B	P	P
Fan-tailed cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis		V	V
Pallid cuckoo Cacomantis pallidus		V	V
Oriental cuckoo Cuculus optatus	V	V	V	V		V
Channel-billed cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae		V	V

Cockatoos

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Cacatuidae

The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest.

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Sulphur-crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita		I	I
Galah Eolophus roseicapillus		I

Old world parrots

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Kākāriki or red-fronted parakeet Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae	B	B	B	B	B		B
Kākāriki karaka or orange-fronted parakeet Cyanoramphus malherbi			B
Kākāriki or yellow-crowned parakeet Cyanoramphus auriceps		B	B	B
Forbes's parakeet Cyanoramphus forbesi					B
Antipodes parakeet Cyanoramphus unicolor									B
Reischek's parakeet Cyanoramphus hochstetteri									B
Eastern rosella Platycercus eximius		I	I	V

New Zealand parrots

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Strigopidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Kea Nestor notabilis			B
New Zealand kākā Nestor meridionalis		B	B	B
Chatham kākā Nestor chathamensis					X
Kākāpō Strigops habroptila		B	B	B

Rollers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis		V	V

Kingfishers

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Kōtare or sacred kingfisher Todiramphus sacra	B	B	B	B	V
Laughing kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae		I	V

New Zealand wrens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acanthisittidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Bush wren Xenicus longipes		X	X	X
Rock wren Xenicus gilviventris			B
Lyall's wren Traversia lyalli		X	X
Titipounamu or rifleman Acanthisitta chloris		B	B	ex
South Island stout-legged wren Pachyplichas yaldwyni			X
North Island stout-legged wren Pachyplichas jagmi		X
Long-billed wren Dendroscansor decurvirostris			X

Crows and ravens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
New Zealand raven Corvus antipodum		X	X	X
Chatham raven Corvus moriorum					X
Rook Corvus frugilegus		I	I	I	I

Cuckooshrikes and trillers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Black-faced cuckooshrike Coracina novaehollandiae		V	V	V
White-winged triller Lalage tricolor			V

Old World orioles

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
South Island piopio Turnagra capensis			X
North Island piopio Turnagra tanagra		X

Wagtails and pipits

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Pīhoihoi or New Zealand pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae	V	B	B	B	B	V	B		B

Grassbirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Matata or New Zealand fernbird Megalurus punctatus		B	B	B		B
Chatham fernbird Megalurus rufescens					X

Reed warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Australian reed warbler Acrocephalus australis			V

Australasian robins

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Petroicidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Miromiro or tomtit Petroica macrocephala		B	B	B	B	B	B
South Island robin Petroica australis			B	B
North Island robin Petroica longipes		B
Black robin Petroica traversi					B

Mohouids

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mohouidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Popokotea or whitehead Mohoua albicilla		B
Mohua or yellowhead Mohoua ochrocephala			B	B
Pipipi or brown creeper Mohoua novaeseelandiae			B	B

Monarch flycatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Black-faced monarch Monarcha melanopsis		V
Satin flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca		V	V
Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca			V

Australasian warblers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acanthizidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Riroriro or grey warbler Gerygone igata		B	B	B		V
Chatham warbler Gerygone albofrontata					B

Honeyeaters

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Meliphagidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Tui Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae	B	B	B	B	B		B
Red wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata		V
Korimako or New Zealand bellbird Anthornis melanura		B	B	B		B	V
Chatham bellbird Anthornis melanocephala					X

Stitchbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Notiomystidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Hihi or stitchbird Notiomystis cincta		B

New Zealand wattlebirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Callaeidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
North Island kōkako Callaeas wilsoni		B
South Island kōkako Callaeas cinereus			B?	ex
North Island saddleback Philesturnus rufusater		B
South Island saddleback Philesturnus carunculatus			B	B
Huia Heteralocha acutirostris		X

Fantails

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhipiduridae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Piwakawaka or New Zealand fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa		B	B	B	B	ex
Willie wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys					V

White-eyes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Tauhou or silvereye Zosterops lateralis	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B

Woodswallows and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Artamidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Masked woodswallow Artamus personatus			V
White-browed woodswallow Artamus superciliosus		V	V
Dusky woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus				V
Australian magpie Gymnorhina tibicen		I	I

Starlings

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Common myna Acridotheres tristis		I
Common starling Sturnus vulgaris	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	V

Buntings, seedeaters and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella	I	I	I	I	I	V	V	V	V
Cirl bunting Emberiza cirlus		I	I

Finches and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs	V	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	V
European greenfinch Chloris chloris	V	I	I	I	I	V		V
Common redpoll Acanthis flammea	V	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	V
European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis	V	I	I	I	I	V	V	V	V

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
House sparrow Passer domesticus		I	I	I	I	V	V	V	V

Accentors

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Dunnock Prunella modularis		I	I	I	I	V	B	B	B

Thrushes and allies

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Song thrush Turdus philomelos	I	I	I	I	I	I	V	V	V
Common blackbird Turdus merula	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	I	V

Swallows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Welcome swallow Hirundo neoxena	B	B	B	B	B	P	P	V
Fairy martin Petrochelidon ariel		V	V			V
Tree martin Petrochelidon nigricans		V	V		V	V

Larks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Species	Kermadecs	North I	South I	Stewart	Chathams	Snares	Auckland	Campbell	Antipodes	Bounty
Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis		I	I		I