List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts

The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political. Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European organisations. There are eight entities that are not integral parts of a European state or have special political arrangements.

Boundary of Europe
- Geographical
- Political
Sovereign states
- UN member states and UNGA non-member observer state
- De facto states
Non-sovereign territories
- Dependent territories
- Areas of special sovereignty
See also

Boundary of Europe

Geographical

Under the commonly used geographic definition, the boundary between the continents of Asia and Europe stretches along the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea in the east, the Greater Caucasus range, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, in the south. Based on such a commonly used division of the continents, the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey have territory in both Asia and Europe.

The island of Cyprus in Western Asia is close to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) but is often considered to be a part of Europe and is a member of the European Union. Like Cyprus, Armenia is also entirely in Western Asia but is a member of several European organisations.

Although the Mediterranean Sea provides a clearer divide between Africa and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as Malta, Pantelleria, the Pelagie Islands, and Sicily are actually located on the African Plate. The island of Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, straddling the Eurasian Plate and the North American Plate.

Some territories which are geographically outside of Europe have strong connections with European states. Greenland, for example, has socio-political connections with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark but is located closer to the continent of North America and is usually grouped with that continent.

Other territories are part of European countries but are geographically located on other continents, such as the French overseas regions, the Spanish autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of Africa, and the Dutch BES islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba in the Caribbean.

Political

The political boundaries of Europe vary with the definition of Europe that is used by different political organizations. For instance, the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights include 46 countries in their definition of Europe. The European Higher Education Area includes 48 countries, and the European Cultural Convention and the European Olympic Committees include 50 countries in their definitions.

Sovereign states

Political map of Europe and the surrounding region

A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.

UN member states and UNGA non-member observer state

There are 50 sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and/or membership in international European organisations that are almost universally recognized internationally. All are either member states of the United Nations or non-member observer states at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), and all except Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Vatican City are members of the Council of Europe. 44 countries have their capital city located within Europe, and (as of 2022) 27 of those countries are member states of the European Union, which means that they are highly integrated with one another and share their sovereignty through EU institutions.

Each entry in the list below has a map of its location in Europe. Territory in Europe is shown in dark-green; territory not geographically in Europe is shown in a lighter shade of green. The lightest shade of green represents other states in the EU and is shown on the maps of all territories within the EU.

*	= Member of the EU

English short, formal names, and ISO	Domestic short and formal name(s)	Capital	Population 2018	Area	Currency
Albania Republic of Albania ALB	Albanian: Shqipëri / Shqipëria – Republika e Shqipërisë	Tirana Albanian: Tiranë	2,882,740	00028748 28,748 km² (11,100 sq mi)	Albanian lek
Andorra Principality of Andorra AND	Catalan: Andorra – Principat d'Andorra	Andorra la Vella Catalan: Andorra la Vella	77,006	00000468 468 km² (181 sq mi)	Euro
Armenia Republic of Armenia ARM	Armenian: Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն (Hayastan – Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun)	Yerevan Armenian: Երևան (Yerevan)	2,951,745	00029743 29,743 km² (11,484 sq mi)	Armenian dram
Austria* Republic of Austria AUT	German: Österreich – Republik Österreich	Vienna German: Wien	8,891,388	00083874 83,871 km² (32,383 sq mi)	Euro
Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan AZE	Azerbaijani: Azǝrbaycan – Azǝrbaycan Respublikası	Baku Azerbaijani: Bakı	9,949,537	00086600 86,600 km² (33,436 sq mi)	Azerbaijani manat
Belarus Republic of Belarus BLR	Belarusian: Беларусь – Рэспубліка Беларусь (Bielaruś – Respublika Bielaruś) Russian: Беларусь – Республика Беларусь (Belarus' — Respublika Belarus')	Minsk Belarusian: Мінск (Minsk) Russian: Минск (Minsk)	9,452,617	00207600 207,600 km² (80,155 sq mi)	Belarusian rouble
Belgium* Kingdom of Belgium BEL	Dutch: België – Koninkrijk België French: Belgique – Royaume de Belgique German: Belgien – Königreich Belgien	Brussels Dutch: Brussel French: Bruxelles German: Brüssel	11,482,178	00030528 30,528 km² (11,787 sq mi)	Euro
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH	Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina Serbian: Босна и Херцеговина	Sarajevo Bosnian: Sarajevo Croatian: Sarajevo Serbian: Сарајево	3,323,925	00051197 51,197 km² (19,767 sq mi)	Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
Bulgaria* Republic of Bulgaria BGR	Bulgarian: България – Република България (Bulgaria – Republika Bulgaria)	Sofia Bulgarian: София (Sofia)	7,051,608	00110879 110,879 km² (42,811 sq mi)	Bulgarian lev
Croatia* Republic of Croatia HRV	Croatian: Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska	Zagreb Croatian: Zagreb	4,156,405	00056594 56,594 km² (21,851 sq mi)	Euro
Cyprus* Republic of Cyprus CYP	Greek: Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (Kýpros – Kypriakí Dimokratía) Turkish: Kıbrıs – Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti	Nicosia Greek: Λευκωσία (Lefkosía) Turkish: Lefkoşa	1,189,265	00009251 9,251 km² (3,572 sq mi)	Euro
Czechia* Czech Republic CZE	Czech: Česko – Česká republika	Prague Czech: Praha	10,665,677	00078867 78,867 km² (30,451 sq mi)	Czech koruna
Denmark* Kingdom of Denmark DNK	Danish: Danmark – Kongeriget Danmark	Copenhagen Danish: København	5,752,126	00043094 42,933 km² (16,577 sq mi)	Danish krone
Estonia* Republic of Estonia EST	Estonian: Eesti – Eesti Vabariik	Tallinn Estonian: Tallinn	1,322,920	00045228 45,228 km² (17,463 sq mi)	Euro
Finland* Republic of Finland FIN	Finnish: Suomi – Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Finland – Republiken Finland	Helsinki Finnish: Helsinki Swedish: Helsingfors	5,522,576	00338145 338,145 km² (130,559 sq mi)	Euro
France* French Republic FRA	French: France – République française	Paris French: Paris	64,990,511	00643427 643,427 km² (248,429 sq mi)	Euro
Georgia GEO	Georgian: საქართველო (Sakartvelo)	Tbilisi / T'bilisi Georgian: თბილისი (T'bilisi)	4,002,942	00069700 69,700 km² (26,911 sq mi)	Georgian lari
Germany* Federal Republic of Germany DEU	German: Deutschland – Bundesrepublik Deutschland	Berlin German: Berlin	83,124,418	00357022 357,022 km² (137,847 sq mi)	Euro
Greece* Hellenic Republic GRC	Greek: Ελλάδα – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία (Elláda – Ellinikí Dimokratía)	Athens Greek: Αθήνα (Athína)	10,522,246	00131957 131,957 km² (50,949 sq mi)	Euro
Hungary* HUN	Hungarian: Magyarország	Budapest Hungarian: Budapest	9,707,499	00093028 93,028 km² (35,918 sq mi)	Hungarian forint
Iceland ISL	Icelandic: Ísland – Lýðveldið Ísland	Reykjavík Icelandic: Reykjavík	336,713	00103000 103,000 km² (39,769 sq mi)	Icelandic króna
Ireland* IRL	English: Ireland Irish: Éire	Dublin Irish: Baile Átha Cliath	4,818,690	00070273 70,273 km² (27,133 sq mi)	Euro
Italy* Italian Republic ITA	Italian: Italia – Repubblica Italiana	Rome Italian: Roma	60,627,291	00301340 301,340 km² (116,348 sq mi)	Euro
Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan KAZ	Kazakh: Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы (Qazaqstan – Qazaqstan Respūblīkasy) Russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан (Kazakhstan – Respublika Kazakhstan)	Astana Kazakh: Астана (Astana) Russian: Астана (Astana)	18,319,618	02724900 2,724,900 km² (1,052,090 sq mi)	Kazakhstani tenge
Latvia* Republic of Latvia LVA	Latvian: Latvija – Latvijas Republika	Riga Latvian: Rīga	1,928,459	00064589 64,589 km² (24,938 sq mi)	Euro
Liechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein LIE	German: Liechtenstein – Fürstentum Liechtenstein	Vaduz German: Vaduz	37,910	00000160 160 km² (62 sq mi)	Liechtenstein franc
Lithuania* Republic of Lithuania LTU	Lithuanian: Lietuva – Lietuvos Respublika	Vilnius Lithuanian: Vilnius	2,801,264	00065300 65,300 km² (25,212 sq mi)	Euro
Luxembourg* Grand Duchy of Luxembourg LUX	German: Luxemburg – Großherzogtum Luxemburg French: Luxembourg – Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg - Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg	Luxembourg German: Luxemburg French: Luxembourg Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg	604,245	00002586 2,586 km² (998 sq mi)	Euro
Malta* Republic of Malta MLT	English: Malta – Republic of Malta Maltese: Malta – Repubblika ta' Malta	Valletta Maltese: Valletta	439,248	00000316 316 km² (122 sq mi)	Euro
Moldova Republic of Moldova MDA	Romanian: Moldova – Republica Moldova	Chișinău Romanian: Chișinău		00033851 33,851 km² (13,070 sq mi)	Moldovan leu
Monaco Principality of Monaco MCO	French: Monaco – Principauté de Monaco	Monaco French: Monaco	38,682	00000002 2 km² (0.8 sq mi)	Euro
Montenegro MNE	Montenegrin: Црна Гора (Crna Gora)	Podgorica Montenegrin: Подгорица (Podgorica)	627,809	00013812 13,812 km² (5,333 sq mi)	Euro
Netherlands* Kingdom of the Netherlands NLD	Dutch: Nederland – Koninkrijk der Nederlanden	Amsterdam (capital) Dutch: Amsterdam The Hague (seat of government) Dutch: 's-Gravenhage / Den Haag	17,059,560	00041543 41,543 km² (16,040 sq mi)	Euro
North Macedonia Republic of North Macedonia MKD	Macedonian: Северна Македонија – Република Северна Македонија (Severna Makedonija – Republika Severna Makedonija)	Skopje Macedonian: Скопје (Skopje)	2,082,957	00025713 25,713 km² (9,928 sq mi)	Macedonian denar
Norway Kingdom of Norway NOR	Bokmål: Norge – Kongeriket Norge Nynorsk: Noreg – Kongeriket Noreg	Oslo Norwegian: Oslo	5,337,962	00323802 323,802 km² (125,021 sq mi)	Norwegian krone
Poland* Republic of Poland POL	Polish: Polska – Rzeczpospolita Polska	Warsaw Polish: Warszawa	37,921,592	00312685 312,685 km² (120,728 sq mi)	Polish złoty
Portugal* Portuguese Republic PRT	Portuguese: Portugal – República Portuguesa	Lisbon Portuguese: Lisboa	10,256,193	00092090 92,090 km² (35,556 sq mi)	Euro
Romania* ROU	Romanian: România	Bucharest Romanian: București	19,506,114	00238391 238,391 km² (92,043 sq mi)	Romanian leu
Russia Russian Federation RUS	Russian: Россия – Российская Федерация (Rossija – Rossijskaja Federacija)	Moscow Russian: Москва (Moskva)		17098242 17,098,242 km² (6,601,668 sq mi)	Russian rouble
San Marino Republic of San Marino SMR	Italian: San Marino – Repubblica di San Marino	San Marino Italian: San Marino	33,785	00000061 61 km² (24 sq mi)	Euro
Serbia Republic of Serbia SRB	Serbian: Србија – Република Србија (Srbija – Republika Srbija)	Belgrade Serbian: Београд (Beograd)	8,802,754	00088361 88,361 km² (34,116 sq mi)	Serbian dinar
Slovakia* Slovak Republic SVK	Slovak: Slovensko – Slovenská republika	Bratislava Slovak: Bratislava	5,453,014	00049035 49,035 km² (18,933 sq mi)	Euro
Slovenia* Republic of Slovenia SVN	Slovene: Slovenija – Republika Slovenija	Ljubljana Slovene: Ljubljana	2,077,837	00020273 20,273 km² (7,827 sq mi)	Euro
Spain* Kingdom of Spain ESP	Spanish: España – Reino de España	Madrid Spanish: Madrid	46,692,858	00505370 505,370 km² (195,124 sq mi)	Euro
Sweden* Kingdom of Sweden SWE	Swedish: Sverige – Konungariket Sverige	Stockholm Swedish: Stockholm	9,971,638	00450295 450,295 km² (173,860 sq mi)	Swedish krona
Switzerland Swiss Confederation CHE	German: Schweiz – Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft French: Suisse – Confédération suisse Italian: Svizzera – Confederazione Svizzera Romansh: Svizra – Confederaziun svizra	Bern / Berne German: Bern French: Berne Italian and Romansh: Berna	8,525,611	00041277 41,277 km² (15,937 sq mi)	Swiss franc
Turkey Republic of Turkey TUR	Turkish: Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	Ankara Turkish: Ankara	82,340,088	00783562 783,562 km² (302,535 sq mi)	Turkish lira
Ukraine UKR	Ukrainian: Украïна (Ukraïna)	Kyiv Ukrainian: Київ (Kyiv)	44,246,156	00602550 603,550 km² (233,032 sq mi)	Ukrainian hryvnia
United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland GBR	English: United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	London	67,141,684	00243610 243,610 km² (94,058 sq mi)	Sterling
Vatican City Vatican City State VAT	Italian: Città del Vaticano – Stato della Città del Vaticano Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae	Vatican City Italian: Città del Vaticano	801	00000000.44 0.44 km² (0.17 sq mi)	Euro

De facto states

The following five entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more UN member states (and therefore are defined as states by the constitutive theory of statehood) or have no diplomatic recognition by any UN member state but are defined as states by the declarative theory of statehood. None are members of the UN, Council of Europe or EU.

English common and formal names	Status	Domestic common and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Abkhazia Republic of Abkhazia	Claimed as an autonomous republic of Georgia. Recognised by five UN member states.	Abkhaz: Аҧсны - Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра (Apsny - Apsny Ahwyntqarra) Russian: Абхазия - Республика Абхазия (Abhaziya - Respublika Abkhaziya)	Sukhumi Abkhaz: Аҟəа (Akwa) Russian: Суху́м(и) (Sukhum(i))	250,000	8,660 km² (3,344 sq mi)
Kosovo Republic of Kosovo	Claimed by Serbia. Has been recognized as sovereign by 102 UN member states.	Albanian: Kosova / Kosovë – Republika e Kosovës Serbian: Косово – Република Косово (Kosovo – Republika Kosovo)	Pristina Albanian: Prishtina, Prishtinë Serbian: Приштина (Priština)	1,836,529	10,887 km² (4,203 sq mi)
Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Claimed as part of the Republic of Cyprus. Recognised by Turkey.	Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti	North Nicosia Turkish: Lefkoşa	294,906	3,355 km² (1,295 sq mi)
South Ossetia Republic of South Ossetia	Claimed as part of Georgia. Recognised by five UN member states.	Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикӕ Хуссар Ирыстон (Khussar Iryston – Respublikæ Khussar Iryston) Russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия (Yuzhnaya Osetiya – Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya)	Tskhinvali Ossetian: Цхинвал or Чъреба (Chreba) Russian: Цхинва́л(и) (Tskhinvál(i))	56,000	3,900 km² (1,506 sq mi)
Transnistria / Trans-Dniester Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	Claimed as a territorial unit of Moldova. De facto independent state, recognised by 3 non-UN states.	Romanian: Transnistria – Republica Moldovenească Nistreană Russian: Приднестровье – Приднестровская Молдавская Республика (Pridnestrov'ye – Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika) Ukrainian: Придністров'я – Придністровська Молдавська Республіка (Prydnistrovia – Pridnistrovska Moldavska Respublika)	Tiraspol Romanian: Tiraspol Russian: Тираcполь (Tiraspol') Ukrainian: Тирасполь (Tyraspol)	347,251	3,500 km² (1,351 sq mi)

Non-sovereign territories

Dependent territories

The following six European entities are dependent territories.

*	= Part of the EU, although there may be special arrangements

English common and formal names	Legal status	Domestic common and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	British Overseas Territory	English: Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Episkopi Cantonment	15,700	254 km² (98 sq mi)
Faroe Islands / Faeroe Islands	Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark	Faroese: Føroyar Danish: Færøerne	Tórshavn Faroese: Tórshavn Danish: Thorshavn	54,000	1,393 km² (538 sq mi)
Gibraltar	British Overseas Territory	English: Gibraltar	Gibraltar	29,185	6.5 km² (2.5 sq mi)
Guernsey Bailiwick of Guernsey	Crown Dependency in right of Guernsey	English: Guernsey – Bailiwick of Guernsey French: Guernesey – Bailliage de Guernesey Guernésiais: Guernési – Bailliage de Guernési	Saint Peter Port French: Saint Pierre Port Guernésiais: Saint Pierre Port	65,849	78 km² (30 sq mi)
Isle of Man	Crown Dependency in right of Man	English: Isle of Man Manx: Mannin – Ellan Vannin	Douglas Manx: Doolish	86,866	572 km² (221 sq mi)
Jersey Bailiwick of Jersey	Crown Dependency in right of Jersey	English: Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey French: Jersey – Bailliage de Jersey Jèrriais: Jèrri – Bailliage de Jèrri	Saint Helier French: Saint-Hélier Jèrriais: Saint Hélyi	96,513	118 km² (46 sq mi)

Areas of special sovereignty

The following places are considered integral parts of their sovereign state, but have a political arrangement that was decided through an international agreement.

*	= A part of the EU, although there may be some special arrangements.

English common and formal names	Legal status	Domestic common and formal names	Capital	Population	Area
Åland^* Åland Islands	Self-governing area of Finland, significant autonomy as the result of the Åland crisis	Swedish: Åland – Landskapet Åland	Mariehamn Swedish: Mariehamn	27,500	6,787 km² (2,620 sq mi)
Northern Ireland	Part of the United Kingdom, devolved government determined by the Good Friday Agreement	English: Northern Ireland Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann Scots: Norlin Airlann	Belfast	1,810,863	14,130 km² (5,456 sq mi)
Svalbard	Special territory of Norway, determined by the Svalbard Treaty	Norwegian: Svalbard	Longyearbyen Norwegian: Longyearbyen	2,019	62,045 km² (23,956 sq mi)