List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies facts for kids

This article is about historical unrecognized or partially recognized states. These were groups or areas that wanted to be seen as independent countries, but most other countries didn't agree. They often controlled their own land and made their own rules. Sometimes, even if they didn't control all their land, at least one other country recognized them as real.

What Makes a State "Unrecognized"?

The rules for including a group in this list are similar to those for countries that have limited recognition today. To be on this list, a group had to say it was an independent country. It also needed to not be recognized by most other accepted countries for a long time. Plus, it had to fit one of these:

• It had people and an organized government. This government could also deal with other countries.
• Or, it actually controlled its own land, or a big part of the land of another recognized country.

Africa's Unrecognized States

Africa has seen many changes in its countries. This is because of conflicts and changes in power. In the past, some leaders caused problems by treating different groups unfairly. They even made ethnic conflicts worse, which sometimes started during colonial times.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the military often took control in many African nations. There were over 70 coups and 13 assassinations of presidents. Countries also fought over borders that had been drawn by European powers.

Other reasons for problems included the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Countries often picked a side to get support. For example, many in Northern Africa got help from the Soviet Union. Countries in Central and Southern Africa got support from the United States or France.

In the 21st century, the number of armed conflicts in Africa has gone down. For example, the civil war in Angola ended in 2002. This greater stability has brought more money from other countries, especially China. This has helped many African economies grow quickly.

Unrecognized States in the 18th and 19th Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Shilluk Kingdom	15th century–1861	now part of South Sudan and Sudan
Ndwandwe	1780–1825	Now part of South Africa
Mthethwa Paramountcy	1780–1817
Republic of Swellendam	1795		This republic was formed when people rebelled against the Dutch East India Company. It only lasted 3 months.
Graaff-Reinet			This group also rebelled against the Dutch East India Company. It took 2 years for it to be taken over, this time by the British.
Islands of Refreshment (Tristan da Cunha)	1811–1816	Now a British Overseas Territory	An American whaler named Jonathan Lambert declared himself the ruler of these islands. The British took them over in 1816.
Griqualand West	1813	Now part of South Africa	This area was independent for a long time. It became a British colony in 1873 but was not recognized by Britain. It was taken over in 1880.
Potchefstroom Republic	1830		This republic existed for only a few months. It joined with the Winburg Republic.
Winburg Republic	1836		This republic was given land by a chief in exchange for protection. It joined with Potchefstroom in 1838.
Republic of Winburg-Potchefstroom	1838		This was formed by the union of the Potchefstroom and Winburg Republics. It broke apart when Potchefstroom left.
Natalia Republic	1839		This Boer Republic was formed after a battle. It lasted four years before the British took it over.
Andries-Ohringstad Republic	1845		Settlers created a fort here but many died from malaria. The republic was abandoned in 1849.
Liberia	1847–1862	Now recognized	This was a place for freed slaves from the United States to live. The US government didn't recognize its independence until 1862.
Republic of Maryland	1854–1857	Now part of Liberia	This African American settlement was not recognized by the United States. It joined Liberia in 1857.
Utrecht Republic	1854	Now part of South Africa	This republic was declared after land was bought from a Zulu king. It joined with the Lydenburg Republic in 1858.
Lydenburg Republic	1856		This Boer republic formed after another one broke apart. It grew to include the Utrecht Republic. It became part of the South African Republic in 1860.
Zoutpansberg Republic	1857		This small Boer Republic joined the South African Republic in 1864. Its settlers were known for not following laws.
Sultanate of Utetera	1860–1887	Now part of Democratic Republic of Congo	This state was founded by a famous slave trader.
Griqualand West	1861	Now part of South Africa	This state was meant to be a home for the Griqua people. It had problems because of a secret deal between the British and another state. It was taken over in 1880.
Klipdrift Republic	1870		This republic was declared during a fight over diamond mines.
Republic of Stellaland	1882		This Boer republic existed briefly before joining with a neighboring republic.
Free Republic of Rehoboth	1872–1990	Now part of Namibia	This republic was founded by people of mixed race who left the British Cape Colony. They had their own laws. After Namibia became independent, their land was taken without payment.
Goshen	1882	Now part of South Africa	This Boer Republic joined with the Republic of Stellaland in 1883.
United States of Stellaland	1883		This Boer republic was formed by joining two smaller republics. It became a protectorate of the South African Republic but was taken over 6 days later.
Nieuwe Republiek	1884–1888		This republic was created with land given by the Zulus. It asked to be joined with the South African Republic and was.
Colinsland	1884–1885	Now part of Guinea	This was a German colony that was disputed. It was given to France in exchange for other territories.
Republic of Lijdensrust	1884–1887	Now part of Namibia	This was a short-lived Boer republic. It later joined German South-West Africa.
Mahdist State	1885–1899	Now part of Sudan	This Islamic state was created during a rebellion. The rebellion failed and the state ended.
Klein Vrystaat	1886	Now part of South Africa	This Boer republic declared independence from land controlled by a Swazi king. It joined the South African Republic in 1891.
New Moscow	1889	Now part of Djibouti	This Russian colony was set up by Cossacks but not approved by the Russian government. The French forced the colonists to leave.
Dervish State	1895–1920	Now part of Somalia, Somaliland and Ethiopia	This state fought against colonial powers like the United Kingdom and Italy. It was defeated in 1920.

Unrecognized States in the 20th and 21st Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Empire of the Sahara	1903–1908?	Now part of Morocco	A wealthy Frenchman declared himself emperor of this self-proclaimed monarchy. No country recognized his claim.
Zaian confederation	1914–1921		This group of Berber tribes resisted French rule for several years. They were defeated after World War I.
South African Republic	1914–1915	Now part of South Africa	This government was set up during a rebellion in World War I. It was an attempt to bring back the South African Republic but was put down quickly.
Sultanate of Darfur	1915–1916	Now part of Sudan	The Sultan of this area stopped supporting the British during World War I. His rebellion was put down in 1916.
Senussiyya	1915–1917, 1923–1932, 1939–1951	Now part of Libya and Niger	This Arab religious group controlled much of Libya and northern Niger. They fought against French and Italian colonization.
Tripolitanian Republic	1918–1923	Now part of Libya	This republic was declared after a peace conference. It broke apart and was taken over by Italy.
Republic of the Rif	1921–1926	Now part of Morocco	This independent Berber republic was declared after a rebellion against Spanish rule. It was defeated by Spain and France.
Macha Oromo Confederation	1936	Now part of Ethiopia	This state was declared after Italy won a war in Ethiopia. It asked to be a British territory but was not recognized.
Ethiopian Empire	1937–1941		Italy took over Ethiopia in a war. Most countries recognized Italy's control. During World War II, the Allies helped Ethiopia regain its independence.
Sultanate of M'Simbati	1959	Now part of Tanzania	A retired official declared this "sultanate" to be separate from the colony of Tanganyika. It was stopped by the Tanzanian government.
Kingdom of Sanwi	1959–1970	Now part of Ivory Coast	This traditional kingdom tried to break away from the Ivory Coast many times. Its king even formed a government outside the country.
State of Katanga	1960–1963	Now part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo	This state declared it was leaving the Congo during a crisis. No other country recognized it, but it got support from Belgium and other nations.
South Kasai	1960–1962		This area also declared it was leaving the Congo. It wanted to be independent but was not recognized by any country.
Kingdom of Rwenzururu	1962–1982	Now part of Uganda	This movement started before Uganda became independent. The people wanted their own kingdom separate from another one. After 20 years of fighting, it became an autonomous kingdom within Uganda.
Kel Ahaggar	1962–1977	Now part of Algeria	This was a group of Tuareg people in Algeria. It has mostly stopped existing since 1977 when the Algerian government ended it.
People's Republic of Zanzibar	1964	Now part of Tanzania	This republic was declared after a coup removed the Sultan of Zanzibar. It quickly offered to join with Tanganyika.
Rhodesia	1965–1979	Now Zimbabwe	This state declared its independence in 1965 but was not officially recognized by any country. It became fully recognized in 1979 and is now Zimbabwe.
Marxist State of South Kivu	1967–1988	Now Democratic Republic of the Congo
Zimbabwe Rhodesia	1979	Now Zimbabwe	See Rhodesia.
Biafra	1967–1970	Now part of Nigeria	This state broke away from Nigeria due to ethnic differences, starting a civil war. It was recognized by five other countries.
Republic of Benin	1967		This was a puppet state created by Biafra. It was taken back by the Nigerian army one day after it declared independence.
South Sudan Provisional Government	1967–1969	Now part of South Sudan	This group fought against the Sudanese government. It had internal problems and collapsed in 1969.
Nile Provisional Government (Nile Republic)	1969–1970		This was a new attempt to form a state from the previous one. It also collapsed after a coup.
Kalakuta Republic	1970–1977	Now part of Nigeria	This small "micronation" was created by a political activist. It was burned down by the Nigerian army in 1977.
Republic of Martyazo	1972	Now part of Burundi	This state was declared by separatists and lasted little more than a week.
Cabinda	1975	Now part of Angola	This area was a Portuguese territory. It declared independence but was invaded by Angolan forces.
Sultanate of Aussa	1975–1991	Now part of Ethiopia	This monarchy represented the Afar people. When a new government took power in Ethiopia, the Sultan was exiled, leading to a fight against the new government.
Ciskei	1972–1994	Now part of South Africa	These were former homelands created during apartheid in South Africa. They were only recognized by each other and South Africa.
Transkei	1976–1994
Venda	1979–1994
Bophuthatswana	1977–1994
Casamance	1982–2014	Now part of Senegal	This was a movement for independence in southern Senegal. It lasted over 30 years. Most groups agreed to a ceasefire in 2014.
Islamic Republic of Imbaba	1989–1992	Now part of Egypt
Mohéli	1997–1998	Now part of Comoros	This island left the Comoros but quietly rejoined the next year.
Anjouan	1997, 2008		This island joined the Comoros, then tried to become independent twice. After the second time, its government was removed by force.
Caprivi	1999	Now part of Namibia	This was a movement that tried to take control of the Caprivi Strip.
Jubaland	1998–2001	Now part of Somalia	This area declared independence during the Somali Civil War. Its leader was later removed.
Puntland	1998–2004		This area declared it was autonomous, meaning it governed itself but was not fully independent. It later rejoined the Somali government.
Maakhir	2007–2009		This was a short-lived territory between Puntland and Somaliland. It was quickly absorbed into Puntland.
Republic of Azania	2011–2013		This republic claimed control over Jubaland. It was set up with help from Kenya after a militant group took over. It later became the Jubaland State of Somalia again.
Democratic Republic of Bakassi	2006–2009	Now part of Cameroon	This small movement started when the Bakassi territory was transferred from Nigeria to Cameroon. Local leaders declared independence. Cameroon took full control by 2009.
Republic of Toumoujagha	2007	Now part of Mali and Niger	A group of Tuareg rebels announced the independence of this republic online.
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	2011	Now part of Libya	Many countries stopped recognizing this as the true government of Libya during the civil war.
State of Azawad	2012–2013	Now part of Mali	This state declared itself independent and controlled much of Northern Mali. No country recognized it. It ended its declaration for a peace deal.
Khatumo State	2012–2017	Now part of Somaliland	This state declared itself autonomous. It stopped working by 2015 and was rejoined with Somaliland by 2017. It was re-established in 2023.
Logone	2015–2021	Now an insurgency in the Central African Republic	This was a self-declared autonomous region. It was taken back by government forces in 2021.

Unrecognized States in the Americas

From the 17th to 19th Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Theocratic Republic of Guairá	1627–1632	Now part of Brazil	Jesuit missions in western of Paraná.
Republic of Long Island	1664–1665	Now Part of United States
Republic of Pirates	1706–1718	Now part of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands	This was a loose group run by pirate crews. English rule was brought back by 1718.
United States	1776–1783 (Internationally recognized in 1783)	Now recognized	Thirteen British colonies declared independence in 1776. They formed the United States of America, which was recognized in 1783.
Watauga Watauga Association	1772–1778	Now part of the United States	This area was later joined with North Carolina.
Vermont Vermont Republic	1777–1791		This republic became the state of Vermont after a deal was made.
Northwestern Confederacy	1783–1795		This was a group of Native American tribes. They wanted to stop the United States from expanding west. The group broke apart after a war.
State of Franklin	1784–1788		This state acted as an independent republic after it failed to become a full state.
Trans-Oconee Republic	1794–1794		This was a short-lived independent state. It was created to stop the government from giving land back to a Native American tribe.
Muskogee State of Muskogee	1799–1802		This Native American state was in Spanish Florida. It ended when its founder was captured.
Tecumseh's confederacy	1808–1813		This Native American group resisted American claims to land. It broke apart during the War of 1812.
South Haiti Republic of South Haiti	1810	Now part of Haiti	Haiti was divided after its emperor was killed. South Haiti broke away but rejoined the Republic after a few months.
West Florida Republic of West Florida		Now part of the United States	This republic was formed by a rebellion in Spanish West Florida. It was forced to join the United States.
First Republic of Venezuela	1811–1812	Now Venezuela
Republic of East Florida	1812	Now part of the United States	This republic was declared by American rebels against Spanish rule. It was taken over by the American army.
Second Republic of Venezuela	1813–1814	Now part of Venezuela and Guyana
Republic of the Floridas	1817	Now part of the United States	A Scottish soldier declared this republic after capturing an island. It claimed all of Florida but only held the island. The US navy later occupied it.
Pernambuco	1817	Now part of Brazil	This revolt happened in Brazil and aimed to create an independent state.
Third Republic of Venezuela	1817–1819	Now part of Venezuela and Guyana
Republic of Texas	1819	Now part of Mexico	This was an attempt to take control of Spanish Texas. It formed a small government but was defeated by Spanish troops.
Republic of Tucumán	1820	Now part of Argentina	Now part of Argentine provinces of Catamarca, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán.
Republic of Entre Ríos	1820–1821		Today the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes.
Free Province of Guayaquil	1820–1822	Now part of Ecuador
Protectorate of Peru	1821–1822	Now part of Chile and Peru	It had claims outside of Chile and Peru.
Confederation of the Equator	1824	Now part of Brazil	Another attempt to gain independence in Brazil.
Madawaska Republic of Madawaska	1827–1842	Now divided between Canada and the United States	This republic was located in parts of Canada and the United States.
Indian Stream Republic of Indian Stream	1832–1835	Now part of the United States	This republic was later joined with the United States.
Cabano Government	1835–1840	Now part of Brazil
Piratini Riograndense Republic	1836–1845		This state was declared during a rebellion. The rebellion failed and the republic ended.
Texas Republic of Texas	1836–1846	Now part of United States
South Peru, North Peru and Confederacy Republic of South Peru, Republic of North Peru and Peru-Bolivian Confederation	1836–1839	Now part of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Peru	This was a union of states in South America. It was led by the Bolivian president.
Bahia Republic	1837–1838	Now part of Brazil	This revolt happened in Brazil that called for ending slavery. It fought against the government for one year.
Canada Republic of Canada	1837–1838	Now part of Canada	This government was set up during a rebellion in Canada.
Canada Republic of Lower Canada	1837–1838		This government was created after rebellions in Lower Canada.
Los Altos Republic of Los Altos	1837–1840	Now part of Guatemala	This new state broke away from Guatemala. It was later taken back by Guatemala.
Juliana Juliana Republic	1839	Now part of Brazil	Today this is the state of Santa Catarina.
Rio Grande Republic of the Río Grande	1840	Now part of the United States and Mexico	This republic included parts of Texas and three Mexican states.
Estado del Istmo	1840–1841	Now part of Panama	This was an attempt to separate Panama from Colombia.
Yucatán  Republic of Yucatán	1841–1843, 1846–1848	Now part of Mexico	This state was declared after the Mexican government tried to centralize power. It later rejoined Mexico.
Adelsverein	1842–1853	Now part of the United States	This was an attempt to create a new German settlement in Texas.
Chan Santa Cruz (Noh Cah Santa Cruz Balam Nah)	1847–1915	Part of Mexico	This was a Mayan territory where local people revolted. They established a religious community that resisted Mexican rule for many years.
California California Republic	1846	Now part of the United States	This was formed during a rebellion in Mexican California. It only existed for a few weeks before joining the US.
Beaver Island	1850–1856		This was a Mormon religious state led by a man who called himself king. It ended when he was murdered.
Great Republic of Rough and Ready	1850		This short-lived state broke away from the United States to avoid mining taxes. It rejoined less than three months later.
State of Buenos Aires	1852–1861	Now part of Argentina
Baja California, Sonora Republic of Baja California	1853–1854	Now part of Mexico	A man named William Walker took control of La Paz and declared a new republic. He later said it was part of a larger Republic of Sonora.
Sonora Republic of Sonora	1854		This was a merger of the Republic of Baja California and Sonora.
Provisional Revolutionary Government of Cibao	1857–1861	Now part of Cibao within the Dominican Republic (Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic 1861–65)	This government was formed to overthrow the president. It fought a civil war for almost a year.
United States of New Granada	1860–1861	Now part of Colombia	Several states broke away and formed the United States of New Granada. They later created the United States of Colombia.
Patagonia Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia	1860–1862	Now part of Argentina and Chile	A French adventurer set up this kingdom. It mostly existed on paper and was later taken over by Chile and Argentina.
South Carolina Palmetto Republic	1860–61	Now part of the United States	This state was established when South Carolina left the United States. It lasted a month and a half before joining the Confederate States of America.
Mississippi Republic of Mississippi	1861		This state was established when Mississippi left the United States. It lasted a month before joining the Confederate States of America.
Florida Republic of Florida			This state was established when Florida left the United States. It lasted a month before joining the Confederate States of America.
Louisiana Republic of Louisiana			This state was formed when Louisiana left the United States. It lasted two and a half weeks before joining the Confederate States of America.
Alabama Alabama Republic			This republic was declared when Alabama left the United States. It lasted a month before joining the Confederate States of America.
Texas Republic of Texas			Texas left the United States and was independent for a month before joining the Confederate States of America.
Confederate States of America Confederate States of America	1861–1865		This was formed by seven southern states that left the United States. More states joined later. It was rejoined with the United States after the American Civil War.
State of Scott			After Tennessee left the Union, this state declared independence. It remained unrecognized for over a hundred years.
Confederate government of Kentucky
Confederate government of Missouri
Confederate government of West Virginia
Manitobah Republic of Manitobah	1867–1869	Now part of Canada	This republic was located within the province of Manitoba.
Republic of Puerto Rico	1868, 1898	Now part of the United States	This state declared independence during an uprising against Spanish rule. It was defeated but led to some political changes.
Provisional Government of Assiniboia	1869–1870	Now part of Canada	This government was led by Louis Riel. It wanted self-government and later negotiated to join Canada as a province.
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan	1885		This was a self-declared territory led by Louis Riel again. It was defeated by the Canadian army.
Independent Guyana Republic of Independent Guyana	1886–1891	Now part of Brazil	This republic was created by French settlers who defied both France and Brazil.
Transatlantic Republic of Mato Grosso	1892		Modern day's Mato Grosso do Sul
Trinidad Principality of Trinidad	1893–1895		An American declared himself Prince of this island. The United Kingdom later took the island, and then Brazil annexed it.
Loreto Federal State of Loreto	1896	Now part of Peru
Manhuassu Republic	1896	Part of Brazil	This republican state was declared in Brazil and lasted twenty-two days.

From the 20th and 21st Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Jungle Nation	1899–1900	Now part of Peru	This state was proclaimed by a colonel. It was rejoined with Peru after his death.
Acre Republic of Acre	1899–1903	Now part of Brazil	There were three attempts to free Acre from Bolivia. Each failed, but part of Acre was given to Brazil.
Celestial Monarchy	1912–1916
Morelos Commune	1913–1917	Now part of Mexico	During the Mexican Revolution, peasants in this region created their own political system.
Republic of Arauca	1916–1917	Now part of Colombia	This republic was declared during a rebellion and lasted six weeks.
Third Federal State of Loreto	1921–1922	Now part of Peru and Ecuador
Republic of Tule	1925	Now part of Panama	This short-lived state was created by indigenous people who were being treated unfairly. They later agreed to give up independence for civil rights.
Chile Socialist Republic of Chile	1932	Now Chile	This political group was proclaimed by a government that took over that year.
State of Maracaju	1932	Now part of Brazil	Modern day's Mato Grosso do Sul.
State of São Paulo	1932		Modern day's São Paulo.
Socialist Republic of Brazil	1935		This unrecognized government of Brazil lasted 4 days.
Marquetalia Republic	1948–1964	Now Part of Colombia	This was an attempted Communist state.
Principality of Outer Baldonia	1949–1973	Now part of Nova Scotia, Canada
State Union of Jeová	1952–1953	Now part of Brazil
Anguilla Republic of Anguilla	1967–1969	Now a British overseas territory	This republic was created because people didn't want to join with other islands. It ended when the British Army occupied it.
Republic of New Afrika	1968–1971	Now part of the United States	This group wanted to create a black-majority nation in the southeastern United States. Its government stopped working after conflicts.
Provisional Government Committee of Rupununi	1969	Now part of Guyana	This government was formed during an uprising. It wanted to break away from Guyana.
Ganienkeh	1974–1977	Now part of the United States	This was an attempt to create a Native American State.
Military Administration of the Malvinas, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands	1982	Now a British overseas territory
Airrecú Republic of Airrecú	1993	Now part of Nicaragua	This republic was declared by settlers who refused to leave land that belonged to Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan Army removed them.
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities	1994–2023	Zapatista Army Controlled territory in Mexico
Community Nation of Moskitia	2009	Now part of Nicaragua	A group of Miskito elders declared independence from Nicaragua. This has not been formally recognized.

Unrecognized States in Asia

From the 17th to 19th Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Jaxa	1665–1674	Now part of Russia	This was a small state along the border with China.
Lanfang Lanfang Republic	1777–1884	Now part of Indonesia	This republic was created by Chinese people in Indonesia to protect themselves. It was later taken over by the Dutch.
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom	1851–1864	Now part of China	This Christian state was established during a rebellion against the Qing dynasty. It was defeated after internal conflicts.
Yettishar	1865–1877	Now part of China	This Muslim state existed in Xinjiang during a revolt against the Qing dynasty.
Ezo Republic of Ezo	1869	Now part of Japan	This republic was set up by supporters of a former Japanese ruler. It only lasted five months.
Aceh Sultanate of Aceh	1874–1904	Now part of Indonesia	This sultanate was later conquered by the Dutch.
Zheltuga Republic	1883–1886	Now part of China	This was a state created by illegal miners. It was known for not having many laws. The Chinese later found it and burned it down.
Sedang Kingdom of Sedang	1888–1889	Now part of Vietnam	A Frenchman declared himself King of this kingdom. He tried to get other countries to recognize it but failed.
Formosa Republic of Formosa	1895	Now part of the Republic of China	This republic declared independence when Japan took over Taiwan after a war.
Tagalog Republic (Bonifacio) Sovereign Tagalog Nation	1896–1897	Now part of the Philippines	This was a revolutionary state that later became the First Philippine Republic.
Republic of Biak-na-Bato Republic of Biak-na-Bato	1897		This was a revolutionary state that later became the First Philippine Republic.
Dictatorial Government of the Philippines Dictatorial Government of the Philippines	1898		This government was followed by the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines.
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines Revolutionary Government of the Philippines			This government was followed by the First Philippine Republic.
Negros Cantonal Republic of Negros	1898–1901		On January 1, 1899, the Federal Republic of Negros was proclaimed as a State or Canton with two Provinces. Notice of its establishment was sent to General Aguinaldo. On March 4, the island of Negros was surrendered to U.S. forces.
Philippines First Philippine Republic	1899–1902		This was an unrecognized independent state. It fought a war against the United States.
Zamboanga Republic of Zamboanga	1899–1903		This was a revolutionary republic founded after Spanish rule ended.
Xibei San Ma	1862–1949	Now part of China

From the 20th and 21st Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Tagalog Republic (Sacay) Tagalog Republic	1902–1906	Now part of the Philippines	This was a revolutionary group during the Philippine Revolution.
Tianjin Provisional Government	1900–1902	Now part of China
Heavenly Kingdom of the Great Mingshun	1903	Now part of China	This was an attempted Christian state in China. Its leaders were captured before a rebellion could start.
Tuva Uryankhay Republic	1911–1914	Now part of Russia and Mongolia
Fengtian	1911–1928	Now part of China
Shanxi	1911–1937
Sinkiang	1911–1944
Tuva Uryankhay Krai	1914–1921	Now part of Russia
China Empire of China	1915–1916	Now part of China
Yunnan Yunnan clique	1916–1927
Basmachi Kokand	1916–1922	Now part of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
Turkestan	1916–1934	Now part of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan
Sultanate of Tarim	1916–1945	Now part of Yemen
Guizhou	1916–1949	Now part of China
Green Ukraine	1917–1922	Now part of Russia	Areas with a Ukrainian majority declared independence.
Yakutia	1918		In February 1918 the acting government of Yakutia proclaimed the independence of Yakutia in response to the Bolshevik seizure of power. This independent government was overthrown on July 1
Provisional Siberian Government
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia Great Mongol State	1911–1919, 1921–1924	Now part of Mongolia and Russia	This state declared independence from China. It was later the start of modern Mongolia.
Tibet Tibet	1912–1951	Now part of China	The Dalai Lama declared independence from China. Most countries still saw it as part of China.
Harbin Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies	1917	now part of China
Alash Alash Autonomy	1917–1920	Now part of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan	This was a self-governing region.
State of Buryat-Mongolia State of Buryat-Mongolia	1917–1921	Now part of Russia	This state was created during the Russian Civil War.
Constitutional Protection Junta Constitutional Protection Junta	1917–1921	Now part of China	This was established during a period of warlords.
Turkestan Autonomy	1917–1918	Now part of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan
Republic of Aras Republic of Aras	1918–1919	Now part of Azerbaijan	This state lasted several months during the Russian Civil War.
Siberian Republic	1918	Now part of Russia	This was a short-lived state during the Civil War.
Provisional Regional Government of the Urals			This was an anti-Bolshevik government that controlled several areas.
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly	1918	Now part of Russia	This was an anti-Bolshevik government during the Russian Civil War.
Russian State	1918–1920	Now Part of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Mughan Soviet Republic	1919	Now part of Azerbaijan	This was a short-lived pro-Bolshevik state.
Anhui clique	1920	Now part of China
Zhili	1920–1928
Provisional Government of the Far East	1920	Now part of Russia
Government of South Russia		Now part of Russia and Ukraine
South Russian Government		Now part of Russia, Moldova and Ukraine
Eastern Okraina		Now part of Russia
Far Eastern Soviet Republic	1920–1922
Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia		Now Armenia
Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic		Now Azerbaijan
Khorezm People's Soviet Republic	1920–1924	Now part of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic		Now part of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan
Ararat Republic of Mountainous Armenia	1921	Now mostly part of Armenia	This was an anti-Soviet Armenian state that existed for a few months.
Autonomous Government of Khorasan	1921	Now part of Iran
Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia	1921–1922	Now De Facto independent but unrecognized Abkhazia
Syria Kingdom of Syria	1920	Now recognized	This kingdom lasted for 4 months until the French took control.
Azerbaijan Azadistan	1920	Now part of Iran
Persian SSR Persian Socialist Soviet Republic	1920–1921	Now Gilan province in Iran	This republic was created when Soviet troops entered Iran but failed to spread.
Raqqa Independent State of Raqqa	1920–1921	Now part of Syria	This state was created by rebels against the French occupation.
Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia	1921–1922	Now Georgia
Kurdistan Kingdom of Kurdistan	1921–1924	Now part of Iraq	This kingdom was established by Kurdish nationalists but was defeated by Britain.
Tuvan People's Republic	1921–1944	Now part of Russia	This was an attempt by Tuvans to gain independence. It was later taken over by the Soviet Union.
Mongolian People's Republic  Mongolian People's Republic	1921–1945, 1953–1992	Now recognized	This state was not recognized by some countries for a long time because China claimed it.
Ararat Republic of Ararat	1927–1930	Now part of Turkey	This was one of the first Kurdish republics.
Sichuan	1927–1938	Now part of China
Hailufeng Soviet	1927
Shanghai Commune
Emirate of Afghanistan	1929	Now Afghanistan	This government was set up during a civil war and was not recognized.
Korean People's Association in Manchuria	1929–1931	Now part of China	This was an autonomous area in Manchuria with Korean migrants.
Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviets Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet	1930–1931	Now part of Vietnam
Chinese Soviet Republic Chinese Soviet Republic	1931–1937	Now part of China	This was seen as a "rehearsal" for the People's Republic of China.
Hunan–Jiangxi Soviet	1931–1935		Now part of People's Republic of China
Manchukuo	1932–1945		This was a puppet state of Japan. It was recognized by Japan and its allies but not by the League of Nations.
Mengjiang	1932–1945		Puppet state of the Empire of Japan
East Turkestan 1 First East Turkestan Republic	1933–1934		This state was set up as part of a movement for an independent Xinjiang. It was defeated.
Fuijian People's Government Fujian People's Government			This government was formed when an army broke away from its commander. It was later crushed.
Northwest Chinese Soviet Federation Northwest Chinese Soviet Federation	1935–1936		This was a group of two ethnic minority governments.
Dadao Government Great Way Government	1937–1938		This was a short-lived puppet government that managed Japanese-occupied Shanghai.
Hatay State	1938–1939	Now part of Turkey
Wang Jingwei Wang Jingwei regime	1940–1945	Now part of China	This was a puppet government of Japan that ended after World War II.
Philippines Second Philippine Republic	1943–1945	Now the Philippines	This was a puppet state established during the Japanese occupation.
Myanmar State of Burma	1943–1945	Now Myanmar	These were puppet states of Japan.
India Provisional Government of Free India	1943–1945	Now India
East Turkestan 2  Second East Turkestan Republic	1944–1949	Now part of China	This was a Soviet-backed state. The Soviets later allowed it to be joined with China.
Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolian People's Republic	1945	Now part of China
Laos Kingdom of Luang Prabang	1945	Now Laos	These were Japanese puppet states.
Vietnam / Empire of Vietnam	1945	Now Vietnam
Cambodia Kingdom of Kampuchea	1945	Now Cambodia
People's Republic of Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolian People's Republic	1945	Now part of China	This republic was proclaimed after Japanese forces were destroyed. It was later reorganized by the Chinese Communist Party.
Republic of Indonesia Republic of Indonesia	1945–1949	Now fully recognized as Indonesia	Its independence was recognized by some countries but not fully by the Netherlands.
Hòn Gai-Cẩm Phả Commune	1945	Now part of Vietnam
Saigon Commune	1945	Now part of Vietnam
Azerbaijan People's Government Azerbaijan People's Government	1945–1946	Now part of Iran	This was a Soviet puppet state that was later taken back by Iran.
Mahabad Republic of Mahabad	1946–1947		This republic declared independence from Iran but was later occupied by Iran.
Manipur Manipur State	1947–1949	Now part of India and Myanmar including Kabaw Valley	This was a princely state that was granted independence. It later joined India after diplomatic pressure.
Kalat Khanate of Kalat	1947–1948	Now part of Balochistan province in Pakistan	The Khan of Kalat declared independence. It later joined Pakistan after diplomatic pressure.
People's Republic of China	1949–1971	Now widely recognized as the legitimate government of China	This state was recognized by the Soviet Union and other communist countries. The United States and Western countries did not recognize it until the 1970s.
South Moluccas Republic of South Maluku	1950–1963	Now part of Indonesia	This republic declared independence but was quickly conquered by Indonesian troops.
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia	1958–1961
Suvadive Islands Suvadive Islands	1959–1963	Now part of the Maldives	This was an attempted breakaway state that was briefly supported by Britain.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli	1954–1961	Now part of India	This territory was occupied by supporters of joining India. It was independent until India formally took it over.
Timor Republic of Timor	1961	Now recognized as Timor-Leste	This republic was proclaimed but quickly put down by Portuguese troops.
Champa state	1964–1992	Now part of Vietnam
Shanghai People's Commune	1967	Now part of China	This was an attempt to create a revolution in China.
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam	1969–1976	Now part of Vietnam
Democratic Republic of East Timor	1975	Now recognized	This state declared independence but was invaded and occupied by Indonesia. The UN did not recognize the takeover.
Free Lebanon State	1979–1984	Now part of Lebanon	This state was proclaimed by a military leader during a civil war. It was later downplayed after his death.
Republic of Artsakh	1991–2023	Now part of Azerbaijan	This state declared independence and gained control after a war. It was not recognized by most countries. It was later taken over by Azerbaijan.
Gorno-Badakhshan Republic	1992	Now part of Tajikistan	This local government declared independence during a civil war.
Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia	1994–1998	Now part of Cambodia	This was a rival government during the Cambodian civil war. It ended after its leader died.
Democratic Republic of Yemen Democratic Republic of Yemen	1994	Now part of Yemen	This state broke away during a civil war but only lasted six weeks.
Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan	1996	Now part of Afghanistan
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	1996–2001	Now part of Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan	In 1996, The Taliban took control over Kabul but lost control of the regions they controlled in 2001. However, after the Fall of Kabul in 2021, the Taliban reinstated their rule.
Islamic Emirate of Byara	2001–2003	Now part of Iraq	The Islamic Emirate of Byara was a short-lived unrecognized Kurdish Islamic quasi-state, which declared independence from Iraq in 2001 and ended in 2003.
Tamil Eelam	2004–2009	Now part of Sri Lanka	This was a state claimed by a militant group in Sri Lanka. It was not recognized by any country and ended after a military campaign.
Islamic Emirate of Rafah	2009	Now part of Gaza Strip, Palestine	This was a short-lived Islamic state that declared independence. It collapsed after a battle.
Bangsamoro Republik Bangsamoro Republik	2013	Now part of the Philippines	This self-declared republic ended after a defeat by the Philippine armed forces.
Islamic State Islamic State	2014–2020	Now part of Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Nigeria, Libya and Afghanistan	This group claimed to be a worldwide caliphate with religious and military authority.

Unrecognized States in Europe

From the 10th to 19th Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Couto Misto	10th century–1868	Now part of Spain and Portugal	This was an independent microstate on the border. Its land was later divided between Spain and Portugal.
Miecław's State	1037–1047	Now part of Poland
Commune of Rome	1144–1193	Now part of Italy and the Vatican City
Senarica	1343–1797	Now part of Italy	It had a peak population of 300 people.
Duchy of Gniewkowo	1373–1374 1375–1377	Now part of Poland
Wales Principality of Wales	1400–1415	Now part of the United Kingdom	It controlled the Majority of Wales between 1403 and 1406
Earldom of Desmond	1569–1572	Now part of Ireland
Earldom of Desmond	1579–1582	Now part of Ireland
Irish alliance	1593–1603	Now part of Ireland and the United Kingdom
Grand Duchy of Lithuania	1655–1657	Now part of Lithuania, Belarus and Poland	It was part of the Swedish Empire for about 2 years.
Corsica Kingdom of Corsica	1736	Now part of France	It broke away from the Republic of Genoa.
Finland Kingdom of Finland	1742–1743	Now part of Finland and Russia	This was a short-lived puppet state of Russia.
Corsican Republic	1755–1769	Now part of France	It broke away from the Republic of Genoa and was only recognized by one other ruler.
Liege Republic of Liège	1789–1791	Now part of Belgium	This republic was formed after a revolution.
Belgium United Belgian States	1790	Now part of Belgium and Luxemburg
Rauracian Republic	1792	Now part of Switzerland
Transpadane Republic	1796–1797	Now part of Italy
Republic of Crema	1797
Ligurian Republic	1797–1805
Roman Republic	1798–1799
Tiberina Republic	1798
Gozo The Gozitan Nation	1798–1801	Now part of Malta	This independent kingdom was ruled by a temporary government. It later became part of a British protectorate.
Connacht Republic of Connacht	1798	Now part of Ireland	This was a French-backed republic.
Lemanic Republic Lemanic Republic	1798	Now part of Switzerland	This republic declared independence before joining the Helvetic Republic.
Revolutionary Serbia	1804–1813	Now Serbia and parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Norway Kingdom of Norway	1814	Now part of Norway	Norway declared independence and elected a king. It later joined a union with Sweden.
First Hellenic Republic	1822–1832	Now Greece
Italian United Provinces	1831	Now part of Italy
Communards First Paris Commune	1832	Now part of France
Tavolara Kingdom of Tavolara	1836–1962?	Now part of Italy	A family claimed to be the monarchs of this island.
Sonderbund	1845–1847	Now part of Switzerland	This was a rival group that broke away from Switzerland.
Sicily	1848–1849	Now part of Italy
Provisional Government of Milan	1848
Republic of Mosina	1848	Now part of Poland
Ruthenian State	1848–1851	Now part of Ukraine and Poland
Republic of Saint Mark Repubblica di San Marco	1848–1849	Now part of Italy	This republic was proclaimed in Venice. It surrendered after a long siege.
German Empire	1848–1849	Now part of Germany	This was a short-lived state that existed during a revolution.
Slovak National Council	1848–1849	Now part of Slovakia
Serbian Vojvodina	1848–1849	Now part of Serbia and Romania
Hungarian State	1849	Now part of Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Austria, Slovakia and Ukraine
Roman Republic	1849–1850	Now part of Italy and Vatican City
United Provinces of Central Italy	1859–1860	Now part of Italy
Communards Second Paris Commune	1870	Now part of France
Communards Lyon Commune	1870–1871
Communards Third Paris Commune	1871
Communards Besançon Commune	1871
Canton of Cartagena Canton of Cartagena	1873–1874	Now part of Spain	This canton was proclaimed as independent. It fought against the Spanish government for six months.
Canton of Malaga Canton of Málaga	1873
Valencian Canton
Tamrash Republic of Tamrash	1878–1886	Now part of Bulgaria	This was a self-governing area of people living in the Rhodope Mountains.

From the 20th and 21st Centuries

Name	When it existed	Where it is today	What happened
Gurian Republic Gurian Republic	1902–1906	Now part of Georgia	This was a rebellion that took place in Georgia.
Kruševo Kruševo Republic	1903	Now part of North Macedonia	This republic was established during an uprising and lasted only 10 days.
Strandzha Commune	1903	Now part of Bulgaria and Turkey
Chita Republic Chita Republic, Krasnoyarsk Republic, Novorossiysk Republic, Sochi Republic, Stary Buyan Republic	1905–1906	Now part of Russia	These were worker and peasant republics that took control of cities during the Russian Revolution.
Liubotyn Liubotyn Republic and Shuliavka Republic	1905	Now part of Ukraine	These were independent worker states during the Russian Revolution.
Markovo Markovo Republic	1905–1906	Now part of Russia	This was a self-proclaimed peasant state in Russia.
Republic of Ostrowiec Republic of Ostrowiec		Now part of Poland	This government was set up during the Russian Revolution.
Republic of Zagłębie Republic of Zagłębie and Republic of Sławków	1905		The Polish towns Zagłębie Dąbrowskie and Sławków were taken over by revolutionaries during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Both republics existed in November–December 1905, each about 10–12 days.
Comrat Republic	1906	Now part of Moldova	This republic was created in protest of the Russian Empire. It lasted six days.
Provisional Government of Western Thrace	1913	Now part of Greece	This short-lived republic was founded with Ottoman support to avoid Bulgarian rule.
Republic of Central Albania Republic of Central Albania	1913–1914	Now part of Albania	This republic was declared after Ottoman forces left. It ended when other troops took control.
Northern Epirus Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus	1914
General Government of Galicia and Bukovina	1914–1917	Now part of Poland and Ukraine
General Government of Belgium	1914–1918	Now part of Belgium
Government General of Warsaw	1915–1918	Now part of Poland
Military Government of Lublin
Ireland Irish Republic	1916	Now recognized as the Republic of Ireland and part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	This independent republic was declared during an uprising. The rebels surrendered.
Samarina Republic	1917	Now part of Greece	This was the first attempt at an Aromanian state.
Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme	1917	Now part of Latvia
Provisional Land Council of Courland
Crimean People's Republic	1917–1918	Disputed (de facto part of Russia, internationally recognised as part of Ukraine)	This republic was defeated by the Red Army.
Provisional Land Council of Latgale		Now part of Latvia
Moldavian Democratic Republic		Now part of Moldova and Ukraine	It later joined the Kingdom of Romania.
Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets		Now part of Ukraine	This was a Soviet puppet state that was later cleared out of Ukraine.
Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and the Landless in Latvia		Now part of Latvia
Poland Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)		Now recognized
Baku Soviet Commune	1918	Now part of Azerbaijan
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly	1918	Now part of Russia	This was an anti-Bolshevik government.
Germany Mainz Workers' and Soldiers' Council	1918	Now part of Germany
Poland Republic of Zakopane	1918	Now part of Poland	It later joined Poland.
Supreme Administration of the Northern Region	1918	Now part of Russia
Idel-Ural Idel-Ural State	1918		It was defeated by the Red Army.
Ossetian Soviet Socialist Republic	1918–1920	Now de facto part of South Ossetia, internationally recognised as part of Georgia
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic	1917–1922	Now part of Russia	This was a revolutionary state led by Vladimir Lenin during the Russian civil war.
Republic of Heinzenland Republic of Heinzenland	1918	Now part of Austria	This was a short-lived state that aimed to protect German-speaking people.
Slovakia Slovak People's Republic		Now part of Slovakia
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs		Now part of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Serbia (Vojvodina) and Montenegro (Boka Kotorska)	This was a temporary state that later merged into Yugoslavia.
First Republic of Pińczów		Now part of Poland	This area was captured by its inhabitants after disarming occupation troops.
Tarnobrzeg Republic of Tarnobrzeg	1918–1919	Now part of Poland	This republic was proclaimed in a Polish town.
Crimea Crimean Regional Government		Disputed between Ukraine and Russia
Kars Republic		Part of Turkey
Ukraine Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine	1918–1919	Now Ukraine
Kuban Kuban People's Republic	1918–1920	Now part of Russia	This territory was declared by Cossacks. It was later taken over by the Bolsheviks.
Ukraine, West West Ukrainian People's Republic	1918–1919	Now part of Ukraine	This republic was established in eastern Galicia but lost a war with Poland.
Ukraine 3 Komancza Republic			This was a group of pro-Ukrainian villages that planned to merge with another republic.
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic	1918	Now part of Finland and Russia	This state lasted only three months during a civil war.
Republic of Vorarlberg Republic of Vorarlberg		Now part of Austria	This republic declared independence but was blocked by other countries.
Alsace Alsace Soviet Republic (Republic of Alsace-Lorraine)		Now part of France	This Soviet Republic existed for a short time.
Banat Banat Republic		Now part of Romania, Serbia and Hungary	This republic was established by ethnic groups and was only recognized by Hungary.
Don Republic Don Republic	1918–1920	Now part of Russia	This republic was established by Cossacks and later taken over by the Bolsheviks.
Belarus Belarusian People's Republic	1918	Now recognized as Belarus	This was an attempt by Belarusian nationalists that was conquered by the Soviet Union.
Terek Oblast Terek Soviet Republic		Now part of Russia	This was a short-lived republic.
Don Soviet Republic
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)		Now part of Latvia	This was a German-backed state.
German Austria Republic of German-Austria	1918–1919	Now part of Austria and the Czech Republic	This state was declared after the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
Lithuania Lithuania	1918	Now recognized
Perloja Republic of Perloja	1918–1923	Now part of Lithuania	Locals established this self-governing area. It had its own court, police, and army.
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic	1918–1919		This was a short-lived puppet state of the Soviet Union.
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic	1918–1920	Now part of Latvia
Latvian Provisional Government	1918–1920	Now part of Latvia and Belarus
Free State of Schwenten	1919	Now part of Poland
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic	1919	Disputed (de facto part of Russia, internationally recognised as part of Ukraine)	This state was allied with the Soviet Union.
Italian Regency of Carnaro	1919–1920	Now part of Croatia
Adjara Republic of Batumi		Now part of Georgia	This was a short-lived state only recognized by the United Kingdom.
North Caucasian Emirate		Now part of Russia
North Ingria Republic of North Ingria			This state wanted to join Finland. It was later rejoined with Russia.
Uhtua Republic of Uhtua			This was an unrecognized state led by Finns.
Reuss People's State of Reuss		Now part of Germany	This short-lived country later joined with other states to form Thuringia.
Ukraine 4 Hutsul Republic	1919	Now part of Ukraine	This state was formed from former territory. It was later invaded and became part of Czechoslovakia.
Bavarian Soviet Republic, Bremen Soviet Republic Bavarian Soviet Republic and Bremen Soviet Republic		Now part of Germany	These were attempts to create socialist states.
Slovakia 1 Slovak Soviet Republic		Now part of Slovakia	This was a pro-Hungarian puppet state that lasted three weeks.
Prekmurje Republic of Prekmurje		Now part of Slovenia	It existed for six days.
Belarus Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia		Now part of Belarus
Kholodny Yar Republic	1919–1922	Now part of Ukraine
Monarchy of the North Monarchy of the North	1919	Now part of Portugal	This state was established by people trying to bring back the monarchy. It was crushed by the army.
Ireland Irish Republic	1919–1922	Now recognized as the Republic of Ireland and part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	This was an unrecognized state during the Irish War for Independence. It ended after a treaty that caused a civil war.
Ukrainian SSR Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	1919	Now part of Ukraine	This Soviet Republic existed for a long time and was later recognized by the United Nations.
Galician SSR Galician Soviet Socialist Republic	1920		This Soviet Republic existed for a few months during a war.
Karelia Olonets Government of Southern Karelia		Now part of Russia
Poland Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee		Now part of Poland and Belarus	This committee was created to establish a Soviet republic in Poland.
Lithuania Republic of Central Lithuania	1920–1922	Now part of Lithuania and Belarus	This was a short-lived puppet republic of Poland.
Karelia Karelian United Government	1920–1923	Now part of Russia
Latjtabansag Lajtabánság	1921	Now part of Austria and Hungary	This state was declared by ethnic Hungarians in Austria. It ended after a month.
Labin Labin Republic		Now part of Croatia	This republic was established in Croatia.
Baranya-Baja Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic		Now part of Hungary and Croatia	This state was set up by Hungarian communists. It was quickly taken back by Hungary.
Mirdita Republic of Mirdita		Now part of Albania	Set up by Albanian Catholics trying to break away from Albania which was a mainly Muslim country. It was backed by Yugoslavia but only lasted three months.
Life and Labor Commune		Now part of Russia
Autonomous Palatinate	1924	Now part of Germany
Tungus Republic	1924–1925	Now part of Khabarovsk Krai	This was a short-lived state that was later given back to the USSR.
Asturias and León	1936–1937	Now part of Spain	This was established during the Spanish Civil War.
Aš Free City of Asch	1938	Now part of the Czech Republic	This city was established during an uprising.
Carpatho-Ukraine Carpatho-Ukraine	1939	Now part of Ukraine	This region declared itself an independent republic but was quickly occupied by Hungary.
Finnish Democratic Republic	1939–1940	Now part of Russia	This was a puppet state of the Soviet Union. It was later merged with another Soviet republic.
Slovakia 2 First Slovak Republic	1939–1945	Now part of Slovakia	This was a puppet state of Nazi Germany.
Estonia Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic	1940–1941, 1944–1990/91	Now part of Estonia	These were puppet states that were taken over by the Soviet Union. Most Western countries did not recognize this.
Latvia Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic		Now part of Latvia
Lithuania Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic		Now part of Lithuania
Croatia  Independent State of Croatia	1941–1945	Now part of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina	This state was allied with Nazi Germany.
Ukrainian State Board	1941	Now part of Ukraine	This government proclaimed the restoration of Ukrainian statehood but was immediately stopped.
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