List of chemical elements facts for kids
As of April 2024[update], 118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z).
The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements, whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding developments of modern chemistry. It is a tabular arrangement of the elements by their chemical properties that usually uses abbreviated chemical symbols in place of full element names, but the linear list format presented here is also useful. Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
List
Element | Origin of name | Group | Period | Block | Standard atomic weight Ar°(E) |
Density | Melting point | Boiling point | Specific heat capacity |
Electronegativity | Abundance in Earth's crust |
Origin | Phase at r.t. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atomic number Z |
Symbol | Name | (Da) | (gcm3) | (K) | (K) | (Jg · K) | (mgkg) | |||||||
1 | H | Hydrogen | Greek elements hydro- and -gen, 'water-forming' | 1 | 1 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 1.008 | 0.00008988 | 14.01 | 20.28 | 14.304 | 2.20 | 1400 | primordial | gas |
2 | He | Helium | Greek hḗlios, 'sun' | 18 | 1 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 4.0026 | 0.0001785 | – | 4.22 | 5.193 | – | 0.008 | primordial | gas |
3 | Li | Lithium | Greek líthos, 'stone' | 1 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 6.94 | 0.534 | 453.69 | 1560 | 3.582 | 0.98 | 20 | primordial | solid |
4 | Be | Beryllium | Beryl, a mineral (ultimately from the name of Belur in southern India) | 2 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 9.0122 | 1.85 | 1560 | 2742 | 1.825 | 1.57 | 2.8 | primordial | solid |
5 | B | Boron | Borax, a mineral (from Arabic bawraq, Middle Persian *bōrag) | 13 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 10.81 | 2.34 | 2349 | 4200 | 1.026 | 2.04 | 10 | primordial | solid |
6 | C | Carbon | Latin carbo, 'coal' | 14 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 12.011 | 2.267 | >4000 | 4300 | 0.709 | 2.55 | 200 | primordial | solid |
7 | N | Nitrogen | Greek nítron and -gen, 'niter-forming' | 15 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 14.007 | 0.0012506 | 63.15 | 77.36 | 1.04 | 3.04 | 19 | primordial | gas |
8 | O | Oxygen | Greek oxy- and -gen, 'acid-forming' | 16 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 15.999 | 0.001429 | 54.36 | 90.20 | 0.918 | 3.44 | 461000 | primordial | gas |
9 | F | Fluorine | Latin fluere, 'to flow' | 17 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 18.998 | 0.001696 | 53.53 | 85.03 | 0.824 | 3.98 | 585 | primordial | gas |
10 | Ne | Neon | Greek néon, 'new' | 18 | 2 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 20.180 | 0.0009002 | 24.56 | 27.07 | 1.03 | – | 0.005 | primordial | gas |
11 | Na | Sodium | English (from medieval Latin) soda · Symbol Na is derived from Neo-Latin natrium, coined from German Natron, 'natron' |
1 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 22.990 | 0.968 | 370.87 | 1156 | 1.228 | 0.93 | 23600 | primordial | solid |
12 | Mg | Magnesium | Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece | 2 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 24.305 | 1.738 | 923 | 1363 | 1.023 | 1.31 | 23300 | primordial | solid |
13 | Al | Aluminium | Alumina, from Latin alumen (gen. aluminis), 'bitter salt, alum' | 13 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 26.982 | 2.70 | 933.47 | 2792 | 0.897 | 1.61 | 82300 | primordial | solid |
14 | Si | Silicon | Latin silex, 'flint' (originally silicium) | 14 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 28.085 | 2.3290 | 1687 | 3538 | 0.705 | 1.9 | 282000 | primordial | solid |
15 | P | Phosphorus | Greek phōsphóros, 'light-bearing' | 15 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 30.974 | 1.823 | 317.30 | 550 | 0.769 | 2.19 | 1050 | primordial | solid |
16 | S | Sulfur | Latin sulphur, 'brimstone' | 16 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 32.06 | 2.07 | 388.36 | 717.87 | 0.71 | 2.58 | 350 | primordial | solid |
17 | Cl | Chlorine | Greek chlōrós, 'greenish yellow' | 17 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 35.45 | 0.0032 | 171.6 | 239.11 | 0.479 | 3.16 | 145 | primordial | gas |
18 | Ar | Argon | Greek argós, 'idle' (because of its inertness) | 18 | 3 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 39.948 | 0.001784 | 83.80 | 87.30 | 0.52 | – | 3.5 | primordial | gas |
19 | K | Potassium | Neo-Latin potassa, 'potash', itself from pot and ash · Symbol K is derived from Latin kalium |
1 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 39.098 | 0.89 | 336.53 | 1032 | 0.757 | 0.82 | 20900 | primordial | solid |
20 | Ca | Calcium | Latin calx, 'lime' | 2 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 40.078 | 1.55 | 1115 | 1757 | 0.647 | 1.00 | 41500 | primordial | solid |
21 | Sc | Scandium | Latin Scandia, 'Scandinavia' | 3 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 44.956 | 2.985 | 1814 | 3109 | 0.568 | 1.36 | 22 | primordial | solid |
22 | Ti | Titanium | Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology | 4 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 47.867 | 4.506 | 1941 | 3560 | 0.523 | 1.54 | 5650 | primordial | solid |
23 | V | Vanadium | Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja | 5 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 50.942 | 6.11 | 2183 | 3680 | 0.489 | 1.63 | 120 | primordial | solid |
24 | Cr | Chromium | Greek chróma, 'colour' | 6 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 51.996 | 7.15 | 2180 | 2944 | 0.449 | 1.66 | 102 | primordial | solid |
25 | Mn | Manganese | Corrupted from magnesia negra; see § magnesium | 7 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 54.938 | 7.21 | 1519 | 2334 | 0.479 | 1.55 | 950 | primordial | solid |
26 | Fe | Iron | English word, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom ('iron'), from a root meaning 'blood' · Symbol Fe is derived from Latin ferrum |
8 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 55.845 | 7.874 | 1811 | 3134 | 0.449 | 1.83 | 56300 | primordial | solid |
27 | Co | Cobalt | German Kobold, 'goblin' | 9 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 58.933 | 8.90 | 1768 | 3200 | 0.421 | 1.88 | 25 | primordial | solid |
28 | Ni | Nickel | Nickel, a mischievous sprite of German miner mythology | 10 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 58.693 | 8.908 | 1728 | 3186 | 0.444 | 1.91 | 84 | primordial | solid |
29 | Cu | Copper | English word, from Latin cuprum, from Ancient Greek Kýpros 'Cyprus' | 11 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 63.546 | 8.96 | 1357.77 | 2835 | 0.385 | 1.90 | 60 | primordial | solid |
30 | Zn | Zinc | Most likely from German Zinke, 'prong' or 'tooth', though some suggest Persian sang, 'stone' | 12 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 65.38 | 7.14 | 692.88 | 1180 | 0.388 | 1.65 | 70 | primordial | solid |
31 | Ga | Gallium | Latin Gallia, 'France' | 13 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 69.723 | 5.91 | 302.9146 | 2673 | 0.371 | 1.81 | 19 | primordial | solid |
32 | Ge | Germanium | Latin Germania, 'Germany' | 14 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 72.630 | 5.323 | 1211.40 | 3106 | 0.32 | 2.01 | 1.5 | primordial | solid |
33 | As | Arsenic | French arsenic, from Greek arsenikón 'yellow arsenic' (influenced by arsenikós, 'masculine' or 'virile'), from a West Asian wanderword ultimately from Old Iranian *zarniya-ka, 'golden' | 15 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 74.922 | 5.727 | 1090 | 887 | 0.329 | 2.18 | 1.8 | primordial | solid |
34 | Se | Selenium | Greek selḗnē, 'moon' | 16 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 78.971 | 4.81 | 453 | 958 | 0.321 | 2.55 | 0.05 | primordial | solid |
35 | Br | Bromine | Greek brômos, 'stench' | 17 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 79.904 | 3.1028 | 265.8 | 332.0 | 0.474 | 2.96 | 2.4 | primordial | liquid |
36 | Kr | Krypton | Greek kryptós, 'hidden' | 18 | 4 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 83.798 | 0.003749 | 115.79 | 119.93 | 0.248 | 3.00 | 1×10−4 | primordial | gas |
37 | Rb | Rubidium | Latin rubidus, 'deep red' | 1 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 85.468 | 1.532 | 312.46 | 961 | 0.363 | 0.82 | 90 | primordial | solid |
38 | Sr | Strontium | Strontian, a village in Scotland, where it was found | 2 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 87.62 | 2.64 | 1050 | 1655 | 0.301 | 0.95 | 370 | primordial | solid |
39 | Y | Yttrium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also terbium, erbium, ytterbium | 3 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 88.906 | 4.472 | 1799 | 3609 | 0.298 | 1.22 | 33 | primordial | solid |
40 | Zr | Zirconium | Zircon, a mineral, from Persian zargun, 'gold-hued' | 4 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 91.224 | 6.52 | 2128 | 4682 | 0.278 | 1.33 | 165 | primordial | solid |
41 | Nb | Niobium | Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology; see also tantalum | 5 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 92.906 | 8.57 | 2750 | 5017 | 0.265 | 1.6 | 20 | primordial | solid |
42 | Mo | Molybdenum | Greek molýbdaina, 'piece of lead', from mólybdos, 'lead', due to confusion with lead ore galena (PbS) | 6 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 95.95 | 10.28 | 2896 | 4912 | 0.251 | 2.16 | 1.2 | primordial | solid |
43 | Tc | Technetium | Greek tekhnētós, 'artificial' | 7 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 98 | 11 | 2430 | 4538 | – | 1.9 | ~ 3×10−9 | from decay | solid |
44 | Ru | Ruthenium | Neo-Latin Ruthenia, 'Russia' | 8 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 101.07 | 12.45 | 2607 | 4423 | 0.238 | 2.2 | 0.001 | primordial | solid |
45 | Rh | Rhodium | Greek rhodóeis, 'rose-coloured', from rhódon, 'rose' | 9 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 102.91 | 12.41 | 2237 | 3968 | 0.243 | 2.28 | 0.001 | primordial | solid |
46 | Pd | Palladium | Pallas, an asteroid, considered a planet at the time | 10 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 106.42 | 12.023 | 1828.05 | 3236 | 0.244 | 2.20 | 0.015 | primordial | solid |
47 | Ag | Silver | English word · Symbol Ag is derived from Latin argentum |
11 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 107.87 | 10.49 | 1234.93 | 2435 | 0.235 | 1.93 | 0.075 | primordial | solid |
48 | Cd | Cadmium | Neo-Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos | 12 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 112.41 | 8.65 | 594.22 | 1040 | 0.232 | 1.69 | 0.159 | primordial | solid |
49 | In | Indium | Latin indicum, 'indigo', the blue colour found in its spectrum | 13 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 114.82 | 7.31 | 429.75 | 2345 | 0.233 | 1.78 | 0.25 | primordial | solid |
50 | Sn | Tin | English word · Symbol Sn is derived from Latin stannum |
14 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 118.71 | 7.265 | 505.08 | 2875 | 0.228 | 1.96 | 2.3 | primordial | solid |
51 | Sb | Antimony | Latin antimonium, the origin of which is uncertain: folk etymologies suggest it is derived from Greek antí ('against') + mónos ('alone'), or Old French anti-moine, 'Monk's bane', but it could plausibly be from or related to Arabic ʾiṯmid, 'antimony', reformatted as a Latin word · Symbol Sb is derived from Latin stibium 'stibnite' |
15 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 121.76 | 6.697 | 903.78 | 1860 | 0.207 | 2.05 | 0.2 | primordial | solid |
52 | Te | Tellurium | Latin tellus, 'the ground, earth' | 16 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 127.60 | 6.24 | 722.66 | 1261 | 0.202 | 2.1 | 0.001 | primordial | solid |
53 | I | Iodine | French iode, from Greek ioeidḗs, 'violet' | 17 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 126.90 | 4.933 | 386.85 | 457.4 | 0.214 | 2.66 | 0.45 | primordial | solid |
54 | Xe | Xenon | Greek xénon, neuter form of xénos 'strange' | 18 | 5 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 131.29 | 0.005894 | 161.4 | 165.03 | 0.158 | 2.60 | 3×10−5 | primordial | gas |
55 | Cs | Caesium | Latin caesius, 'sky-blue' | 1 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 132.91 | 1.93 | 301.59 | 944 | 0.242 | 0.79 | 3 | primordial | solid |
56 | Ba | Barium | Greek barýs, 'heavy' | 2 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 137.33 | 3.51 | 1000 | 2170 | 0.204 | 0.89 | 425 | primordial | solid |
57 | La | Lanthanum | Greek lanthánein, 'to lie hidden' | 3 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 138.91 | 6.162 | 1193 | 3737 | 0.195 | 1.1 | 39 | primordial | solid |
58 | Ce | Cerium | Ceres, a dwarf planet, considered a planet at the time | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 140.12 | 6.770 | 1068 | 3716 | 0.192 | 1.12 | 66.5 | primordial | solid |
59 | Pr | Praseodymium | Greek prásios dídymos, 'green twin' | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 140.91 | 6.77 | 1208 | 3793 | 0.193 | 1.13 | 9.2 | primordial | solid |
60 | Nd | Neodymium | Greek néos dídymos, 'new twin' | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 144.24 | 7.01 | 1297 | 3347 | 0.19 | 1.14 | 41.5 | primordial | solid |
61 | Pm | Promethium | Prometheus, a figure in Greek mythology | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 145 | 7.26 | 1315 | 3273 | – | 1.13 | 2×10−19 | from decay | solid |
62 | Sm | Samarium | Samarskite, a mineral named after V. Samarsky-Bykhovets, Russian mine official | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 150.36 | 7.52 | 1345 | 2067 | 0.197 | 1.17 | 7.05 | primordial | solid |
63 | Eu | Europium | Europe | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 151.96 | 5.244 | 1099 | 1802 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 2 | primordial | solid |
64 | Gd | Gadolinium | Gadolinite, a mineral named after Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 157.25 | 7.90 | 1585 | 3546 | 0.236 | 1.2 | 6.2 | primordial | solid |
65 | Tb | Terbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also yttrium, erbium, ytterbium | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 158.93 | 8.23 | 1629 | 3503 | 0.182 | 1.2 | 1.2 | primordial | solid |
66 | Dy | Dysprosium | Greek dysprósitos, 'hard to get' | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 162.50 | 8.540 | 1680 | 2840 | 0.17 | 1.22 | 5.2 | primordial | solid |
67 | Ho | Holmium | Neo-Latin Holmia, 'Stockholm' | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 164.93 | 8.79 | 1734 | 2993 | 0.165 | 1.23 | 1.3 | primordial | solid |
68 | Er | Erbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also yttrium, terbium, ytterbium | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 167.26 | 9.066 | 1802 | 3141 | 0.168 | 1.24 | 3.5 | primordial | solid |
69 | Tm | Thulium | Thule, the ancient name for an unclear northern location | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 168.93 | 9.32 | 1818 | 2223 | 0.16 | 1.25 | 0.52 | primordial | solid |
70 | Yb | Ytterbium | Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see also yttrium, terbium, erbium | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 173.05 | 6.90 | 1097 | 1469 | 0.155 | 1.1 | 3.2 | primordial | solid |
71 | Lu | Lutetium | Latin Lutetia, 'Paris' | n/a | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 174.97 | 9.841 | 1925 | 3675 | 0.154 | 1.27 | 0.8 | primordial | solid |
72 | Hf | Hafnium | Neo-Latin Hafnia, 'Copenhagen' (from Danish havn, harbour) | 4 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 178.49 | 13.31 | 2506 | 4876 | 0.144 | 1.3 | 3 | primordial | solid |
73 | Ta | Tantalum | King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology; see also niobium | 5 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 180.95 | 16.69 | 3290 | 5731 | 0.14 | 1.5 | 2 | primordial | solid |
74 | W | Tungsten | Swedish tung sten, 'heavy stone' · Symbol W is from Wolfram, originally from Middle High German wolf-rahm 'wolf's foam' describing the mineral wolframite |
6 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 183.84 | 19.25 | 3695 | 5828 | 0.132 | 2.36 | 1.3 | primordial | solid |
75 | Re | Rhenium | Latin Rhenus, 'the Rhine' | 7 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 186.21 | 21.02 | 3459 | 5869 | 0.137 | 1.9 | 7×10−4 | primordial | solid |
76 | Os | Osmium | Greek osmḗ, 'smell' | 8 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 190.23 | 22.59 | 3306 | 5285 | 0.13 | 2.2 | 0.002 | primordial | solid |
77 | Ir | Iridium | Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow | 9 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 192.22 | 22.56 | 2719 | 4701 | 0.131 | 2.20 | 0.001 | primordial | solid |
78 | Pt | Platinum | Spanish platina, 'little silver', from plata 'silver' | 10 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 195.08 | 21.45 | 2041.4 | 4098 | 0.133 | 2.28 | 0.005 | primordial | solid |
79 | Au | Gold | English word, from the same root as 'yellow' · Symbol Au is derived from Latin aurum |
11 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 196.97 | 19.3 | 1337.33 | 3129 | 0.129 | 2.54 | 0.004 | primordial | solid |
80 | Hg | Mercury | Mercury, Roman god of commerce, communication, and luck, known for his speed and mobility · Symbol Hg is derived from its Latin name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydrárgyros, 'water-silver' |
12 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 200.59 | 13.534 | 234.43 | 629.88 | 0.14 | 2.00 | 0.085 | primordial | liquid |
81 | Tl | Thallium | Greek thallós, 'green shoot or twig' | 13 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 204.38 | 11.85 | 577 | 1746 | 0.129 | 1.62 | 0.85 | primordial | solid |
82 | Pb | Lead | English word, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from a root meaning 'flow' · Symbol Pb is derived from Latin plumbum |
14 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 207.2 | 11.34 | 600.61 | 2022 | 0.129 | 1.87 (2+) 2.33 (4+) |
14 | primordial | solid |
83 | Bi | Bismuth | German Wismut, from weiß Masse 'white mass', unless from Arabic | 15 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 208.98 | 9.78 | 544.7 | 1837 | 0.122 | 2.02 | 0.009 | primordial | solid |
84 | Po | Polonium | Latin Polonia, 'Poland', home country of Marie Curie | 16 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 209 | 9.196 | 527 | 1235 | – | 2.0 | 2×10−10 | from decay | solid |
85 | At | Astatine | Greek ástatos, 'unstable' | 17 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 210 | (8.91–8.95) | 575 | 610 | – | 2.2 | 3×10−20 | from decay | solid |
86 | Rn | Radon | Radium emanation, originally the name of the isotope Radon-222 | 18 | 6 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 222 | 0.00973 | 202 | 211.3 | 0.094 | 2.2 | 4×10−13 | from decay | gas |
87 | Fr | Francium | France, home country of discoverer Marguerite Perey | 1 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 223 | (2.48) | 281 | 890 | – | >0.79 | ~ 1×10−18 | from decay | solid |
88 | Ra | Radium | French radium, from Latin radius, 'ray' | 2 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:s" s | 226 | 5.5 | 973 | 2010 | 0.094 | 0.9 | 9×10−7 | from decay | solid |
89 | Ac | Actinium | Greek aktís, 'ray' | 3 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 227 | 10 | 1323 | 3471 | 0.12 | 1.1 | 5.5×10−10 | from decay | solid |
90 | Th | Thorium | Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 232.04 | 11.7 | 2115 | 5061 | 0.113 | 1.3 | 9.6 | primordial | solid |
91 | Pa | Protactinium | Proto- (from Greek prôtos, 'first, before') + actinium, since actinium is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 231.04 | 15.37 | 1841 | 4300 | – | 1.5 | 1.4×10−6 | from decay | solid |
92 | U | Uranium | Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 238.03 | 19.1 | 1405.3 | 4404 | 0.116 | 1.38 | 2.7 | primordial | solid |
93 | Np | Neptunium | Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 237 | 20.45 | 917 | 4273 | – | 1.36 | ≤ 3×10−12 | from decay | solid |
94 | Pu | Plutonium | Pluto, a dwarf planet, considered a planet in the Solar System at the time | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 244 | 19.85 | 912.5 | 3501 | – | 1.28 | ≤ 3×10−11 | from decay | solid |
95 | Am | Americium | The Americas, where the element was first synthesised, by analogy with its homologue § europium | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 243 | 12 | 1449 | 2880 | – | 1.13 | – | synthetic | solid |
96 | Cm | Curium | Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, French physicists and chemists | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 247 | 13.51 | 1613 | 3383 | – | 1.28 | – | synthetic | solid |
97 | Bk | Berkelium | Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesised | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 247 | 14.78 | 1259 | 2900 | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | solid |
98 | Cf | Californium | California, where the element was first synthesised in the LBNL laboratory | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 251 | 15.1 | 1173 | (1743) | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | solid |
99 | Es | Einsteinium | Albert Einstein, German physicist | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 252 | 8.84 | 1133 | (1269) | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | solid |
100 | Fm | Fermium | Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 257 | (9.7) | (1125) (1800) |
– | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
101 | Md | Mendelevium | Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist who proposed the periodic table | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 258 | (10.3) | (1100) | – | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
102 | No | Nobelium | Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 259 | (9.9) | (1100) | – | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
103 | Lr | Lawrencium | Ernest Lawrence, American physicist | n/a | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:f" f | 266 | (14.4) | (1900) | – | – | 1.3 | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist from New Zealand | 4 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 267 | (17) | (2400) | (5800) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
105 | Db | Dubnium | Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in the JINR laboratory | 5 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 268 | (21.6) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
106 | Sg | Seaborgium | Glenn T. Seaborg, American chemist | 6 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 269 | (23–24) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
107 | Bh | Bohrium | Niels Bohr, Danish physicist | 7 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 270 | (26–27) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
108 | Hs | Hassium | Neo-Latin Hassia, 'Hesse', a state in Germany | 8 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 270 | (27–29) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
109 | Mt | Meitnerium | Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist | 9 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 278 | (27–28) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesised in the GSI laboratories | 10 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 281 | (26–27) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
111 | Rg | Roentgenium | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, German physicist | 11 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 282 | (22–24) | – | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
112 | Cn | Copernicium | Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer | 12 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:d" d | 285 | (14.0) | (283±11) | (340±10) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
113 | Nh | Nihonium | Japanese Nihon, 'Japan', where the element was first synthesised in the Riken laboratories | 13 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 286 | (16) | (700) | (1400) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
114 | Fl | Flerovium | Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, part of JINR, where the element was synthesised; itself named after Georgy Flyorov, Russian physicist | 14 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 289 | (11.4±0.3) | (284±50) | – | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
115 | Mc | Moscovium | Moscow, Russia, where the element was first synthesised in the JINR laboratories | 15 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 290 | (13.5) | (700) | (1400) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
116 | Lv | Livermorium | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California | 16 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 293 | (12.9) | (700) | (1100) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
117 | Ts | Tennessine | Tennessee, United States, where Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located | 17 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 294 | (7.1–7.3) | (700) | (883) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
118 | Og | Oganesson | Yuri Oganessian, Russian physicist | 18 | 7 | style="text-align:left; background:p" p | 294 | (7) | (325±15) | (450±10) | – | – | – | synthetic | unknown phase |
See also
In Spanish: Anexo:Elementos químicos para niños
- List of people whose names are used in chemical element names
- List of places used in the names of chemical elements
- List of chemical element name etymologies
- Roles of chemical elements