Timeline of Christianity facts for kids
This timeline shows the history of Christianity from its start until today. Sometimes, a question mark next to a date means the exact year is not certain.
Most of the world uses the Gregorian calendar. This calendar has been used since 1582. It replaced the Julian calendar, which was not very accurate. The Gregorian calendar added leap years to make sure the year length was more correct.
The Gregorian calendar counts years from before or after the birth of Jesus. Years before Jesus's birth are called BC (Before Christ) or BCE (Before the Common Era). Years after are called AD (anno Domini, meaning "in the year of our Lord") or CE (Common Era).
The "year one" is the first year in the Common Era. There is no year zero. Scholars tried to figure out when Jesus was born. They now think it was probably between 6 BC and 4 BC.
Contents
The Time of Jesus
This part of the timeline focuses on events in the area where Jesus was born. This region is now called Israel and Palestine. Back then, the Romans ruled it.
- 1 AD: This year was once thought to be when Jesus was born. But experts now believe this calculation was wrong.
- 6 AD: Herod Archelaus was removed from his rule by the Roman Emperor Augustus. The Romans combined areas like Samaria and Judea into a new province called "Iudaea." Quirinius became the Governor of Syria. He took a census (counted the people), which some Jewish groups, like the Zealots, did not like (Luke 2:1–3).
- 7–26 AD: This was a time of peace in Iudaea and Galilee. There were not many revolts or much bloodshed.
- 9 AD: Hillel the Elder, a leader of the Pharisees, died.
- 14–37 AD: Tiberius was the Roman emperor.
- 18–36 AD: Caiaphas was the High Priest of Herod's Temple. He was later removed by a Roman official.
- 19 AD: Jews and others were told to leave Rome.
- 26–36 AD: Pontius Pilate was the Roman governor of Iudaea. He was called back to Rome because people complained about his harsh actions.
- 28 or 29 AD: John the Baptist started his ministry. He told people to "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matt 3:1–2). John was a relative of Jesus (Luke 1:36). He baptized Jesus (Mark 1:4–11). Later, Herod Antipas arrested and beheaded John (Luke 3:19–20).
Jesus began his ministry after John baptized him. He also preached: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near" (Matt 4:12–17).
Many scholars study the life of Jesus. Traditional Christian beliefs about his ministry include:
- His temptation in the desert.
- The Sermon on the Mount, where he taught many important lessons.
- Choosing his Twelve Apostles.
- Performing many miracles.
- The Last Supper with his disciples.
- His arrest and trial.
- His Crucifixion on Good Friday.
- His resurrection (coming back to life) on Easter Sunday.
- His appearances to his followers.
- The Ascension, when he went up to heaven.
Christians believe Jesus will have a Second Coming. This will fulfill prophecies like the Resurrection of the dead, the Last Judgment, and the start of the Kingdom of God.
The Era of the Apostles
Soon after Jesus's Crucifixion of Jesus, the first Christian church was formed in Jerusalem. It had about 120 Jews (Acts 1:15). This was followed by Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit came upon the believers.
Later, Saint Stephen was stoned to death (see also Persecution of Christians). This led to Christians spreading out (7:54–8:8). Paul became a Christian and an "Apostle to the Gentiles" (non-Jews) (9:13–16). Peter baptized Cornelius, who is often seen as the first non-Jewish person to become a Christian (10). The church in Antioch was founded. It was there that followers of Jesus were first called "Christians" (11:26). Saint James was killed by Agrippa I (12:1–3).
- 44 AD: Agrippa I died (Acts 12:20–23).
- 45–49 AD?: Paul went on his first mission trip (Acts 13:1–14:28). He traveled with Barnabas to places like Cyprus and Antioch.
- 47 AD?: The Church of the East was started by Saint Thomas.
- 49 AD: The Roman Emperor Claudius made Jews leave Rome because they were causing trouble.
- 50 AD: A riot during Passover in Jerusalem led to many deaths.
- 50 AD?: The Council of Jerusalem took place. Leaders discussed if non-Jewish Christians needed to follow Jewish laws (Acts 15:1–35).
- 50–53 AD?: Paul went on his second mission trip (Acts 15:36–18:22). He visited places like Galatia, Macedonia, and Corinth. During this time, he might have written the letters of 1 Thessalonians and Galatians.
- 52 AD?: Saint Thomas Christians were established in India.
- 53–57 AD?: Paul's third mission trip (Acts 18:23–22:30). He traveled to Ephesus, Macedonia, and Jerusalem. He wrote letters like Romans, 1 Corinthians, and 2 Corinthians.
- 58 AD?: Paul was arrested in Jerusalem. He was accused of being a "ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes" (Acts 24:5). He was imprisoned in Caesarea.
- 59 AD?: Paul was shipwrecked on Malta.
- 60 AD?: Paul arrived in Rome. He spent two years telling people about the Kingdom of God and Jesus Christ (Acts 28:15–31).
- 62 AD: James the Just was stoned to death.
- 64–68 AD: After a huge fire in Rome, Emperor Nero blamed and persecuted Christians. This is one of the earliest mentions of Christians in Rome. Many were killed in cruel ways, like being wrapped in animal skins and torn apart by dogs, or nailed to crosses and burned (Tacitus, Annals (Tacitus) XV.44). Paul and Peter are believed to have died during this time.
Early Christianity
- 66–73 AD: The First Jewish–Roman War led to the destruction of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem. The Qumran community, where the Dead Sea scrolls were found, was also destroyed.
- 68–107 AD?: Ignatius of Antioch, a bishop, was fed to lions in the Roman Colosseum. He was one of the first to use the term "Christianity" (Mag 10).
- 70 AD (±10): The Gospel of Mark was likely written in Rome.
- 80 AD (±20): The Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Luke were likely written. These were very popular in Early Christianity.
- 90 AD (±10): The First Letter of Peter was written.
- 95 AD (±30): The Gospel of John and the Epistles of John were written.
- 95 AD (±10): The Book of Revelation was written.
- 100–150 AD?: Other early Christian writings appeared, such as the Apocryphon of James and the Gospel of Mary Magdalene.
- 132–135 AD: The Bar Kokhba's revolt was the final Jewish revolt against Rome. As a result, Judea and Jerusalem were erased from maps. The region was renamed Syria Palæstina, and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina.
- 142–144 AD?: Marcion of Sinope started his own church in Rome. He rejected the Old Testament and created his own list of accepted Christian books.
- 150 AD?: Valentinius, a famous Christian Gnostic, was almost elected Bishop of Rome.
- 170 AD?: Tatian created the "Diatessaron," which combined the four Gospels into one story.
- 180–202 AD?: Irenaeus, a bishop, fought against false teachings (heresies).
- 189–198 AD: Pope Victor I, the first Latin Pope, removed Eastern churches that celebrated Easter on a different date.
- 200 AD?: Important early Bible copies, like Papyrus 46, were made.
- 223 AD?: Tertullian is sometimes called the "father of the Latin Church." He created terms like "trinitas" (trinity) and "Novum Testamentum" (New Testament).
- 235–238 AD: Emperor Maximinus Thrax ended a Christian split in Rome by sending Pope Pontian and Antipope Hippolytus away.
- 250 AD?: The Apostolic Constitutions and the Liturgy of St James were written, showing early church practices.
- 258 AD: "Valerian's Massacre" began. The Roman emperor ordered the execution of Christian bishops, priests, and deacons.
- 270 AD?: Anthony started the monastic movement, where people lived apart to focus on God.
- 301 AD: Armenia became the first country to make Christianity its official state religion.
- 303–312 AD: Diocletian's Massacre was a severe persecution of Christians.
- 312 AD: Constantine had a vision of a cross with the words "by this sign conquer." He later became a Christian.
- 313 AD: The Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine and Licinius. It ended the persecution of Christians and allowed them to practice their faith freely.
- 321 AD: Constantine declared Sunday a state "day of rest."
The Era of Church Councils
Constantine I called the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD. This meeting aimed to unite Christian beliefs about Jesus. It created the Original Nicene Creed, which stated that Jesus and God were of the same substance. This council also discussed the date of Easter.
- 325 AD: The Kingdom of Aksum (modern Ethiopia) made Christianity its official state religion, becoming the second country to do so.
- 326 AD: Pope Sylvester dedicated the Basilica of St. Peter, built by Constantine over the tomb of Saint Peter.
- 328–373 AD: Athanasius, a bishop, was the first to list the modern 27 books of the New Testament as the official collection.
- 330 AD: Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople (New Rome).
- 337 AD: Mirian III of Georgia also made Christianity his country's state religion.
- 337 AD, May 22: Constantine the Great died. He was baptized shortly before his death.
- 350 AD?: The Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus, two of the earliest complete Christian Bibles, were created.
- 360 AD: Julian the Apostate became the last Roman Emperor who was not Christian.
- 380 AD, February 27: Emperor Theodosius made Catholic Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire.
- 381 AD: The First Council of Constantinople was held. It confirmed that Jesus had a true human soul and updated the Nicene Creed.
- 382 AD: The Council of Rome under Pope Damasus I set the Biblical Canon, listing the inspired books of the Old Testament and the New Testament.
- 391 AD: The Theodosian decrees outlawed most pagan rituals in Rome.
- 396–430 AD: Augustine, a bishop, is seen as a founder of Christian theology.
- 400 AD: Jerome's Vulgate Latin translation of the Bible was published.
- 410 AD, August 24: Rome was attacked and looted by Alaric and the Visigoths.
- 431 AD: The Council of Ephesus rejected Nestorianism (a belief about Jesus's nature) and declared Mary the Mother of God.
- 432 AD: St Patrick began his mission in Ireland. He helped convert almost the entire nation to Christianity peacefully.
- 440–461 AD: Pope Leo the Great is sometimes called the first pope. He famously met Attila the Hun and convinced him not to attack Rome.
- 451 AD: The Council of Chalcedon declared that Jesus is both fully human and fully divine in one person. This is known as the Hypostatic Union.
- 476 AD, September 4: Emperor Romulus Augustus was removed from power in Rome. Many see this as the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
- 496 AD: Clovis I, King of the Franks, was baptized, leading his people to Christianity.
- 525 AD: Dionysius Exiguus created the "Christian calendar" (AD).
- 530 AD: The Rule of St Benedict was written by St. Benedict, founding the Benedictines monastic order.
- 553 AD: The Second Council of Constantinople was called by Emperor Justinian I.
- 563 AD: Columba traveled to Scotland to spread Christianity to the Picts. He started a monastery on the island of Iona.
- 589 AD: The Third Council of Toledo saw Reccared and the Visigoths convert from Arianism to Catholicism.
- 590–604 AD: Pope Gregory the Great made many important changes to the church's structure and administration. He also established Gregorian chant.
- 596 AD: St. Augustine of Canterbury was sent by Pope Gregory to spread Christianity to the Jutes in England.
- 607 AD: Pope Boniface III was the first Bishop of Rome to be called "Pope" and "Universal Bishop" by an emperor's decree.
- 609 AD: The Pantheon in Rome, a former Roman temple, was renamed the Church of Santa Maria Rotonda.
- 632 AD: The Battle of Badr is seen as the beginning of the Islamic Empire.
- 640 AD: The Library of Alexandria, a huge center of learning with many ancient scrolls, was completely destroyed.
- 664 AD: The Synod of Whitby united the Celtic Christianity of the British Isles with Roman Catholicism.
- 680–681 AD: The Third Council of Constantinople condemned certain beliefs about Jesus's will.
- 698 AD: The city of Carthage fell.
- 718–1492 AD: The Reconquista was a long period when the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) was retaken by Christendom from Muslim rule.
- 718 AD: Saint Boniface, an Englishman, was sent by the Pope to spread Christianity in Germany.
- 730–787 AD: The First Iconoclasm period began. The Byzantine Emperor Leo III banned Christian icons (religious images).
- 756 AD: The Donation of Pepin recognized the Papal States, lands ruled by the Pope.
- 787 AD: The Second Council of Nicaea ended the first Iconoclasm.
- 793 AD: The attack on the monastery of Lindisfarne marked the beginning of Viking raids on Christendom.
The Middle Ages
- 800 AD: King Charlemagne of the Franks was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor of the West by Pope Leo III.
- 863 AD: Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius were sent to teach Christianity to the Slavic peoples. They translated the Bible into Slavonic.
- 897 AD, January: The Cadaver Synod was a strange event where Pope Stephen VI put the dead body of Pope Formosus on trial. This caused a public outcry.
- 966 AD: Mieszko I, the duke of Poland, was baptized. Poland became a Christian country.
- 988 AD: The Baptism of Kievan Rus' brought Christianity to the region that would become Russia and Ukraine.
- 1046 AD: The Council of Sutri saw several popes resign or be exiled, leading to the appointment of Pope Clement II.
- 1054 AD: The East-West Schism officially split the Christian church into two main branches: the Eastern (Orthodox Christianity) and Western (Roman Catholic) churches.
- 1065 AD: Westminster Abbey in London was consecrated (made holy).
- 1095–1291 AD: The Crusades were a series of military expeditions. They were called by popes to try and take back the Holy Land from Islamic rule.
- 1098 AD: The Citeaux Abbey was founded, leading to the growth of the Cistercian monastic order.
- 1118 AD: The Knights Templar were founded to protect pilgrims and defend the Holy Land.
- 1144 AD: The Saint Denis Basilica became one of the first major buildings in the new Gothic architecture style.
- 1154–1159 AD: Pope Adrian IV was the first (and only) English pope.
- 1163 AD: Construction began on Notre Dame de Paris, a famous cathedral.
- 1173 AD: The Waldensians religious movement was founded.
- 1191 AD: The Teutonic Knights were founded.
- 1205 AD: Saint Francis of Assisi started the Franciscan order of friars. He gave up wealth and began his ministry.
- 1215 AD: The Catholic Fourth Lateran Council made rules, including special clothing for Jews and Muslims.
- 1252 AD, May 15: Pope Innocent IV allowed the use of torture in Inquisitions to get confessions.
- 1274 AD: Summa Theologiae was written by Thomas Aquinas. This book became a very important part of Catholic teaching.
The Renaissance
- 1305–1378 AD: The Avignon Papacy was a time when popes lived in Avignon, France, instead of Rome.
- 1311 AD: Divine Comedy, a famous poem, was written by Dante Alighieri.
- 1314 AD: Jacques de Molay, the last leader of the Knights Templar, was burned at the stake.
- 1378–1418 AD: The Western Schism was a period when there were multiple popes claiming authority in Roman Catholicism.
- 1380–1382 AD: Wyclif's Bible, translated by John Wycliffe, was the first complete English translation of the Bible. Wycliffe also spoke out against some church practices.
- 1408 AD: The Council of Oxford banned translations of the Bible into common languages unless the church approved them.
- 1414–1418 AD: The Catholic Council of Constance ended the Western Schism by getting all popes to resign and electing Pope Martin V. It also condemned John Wycliffe and Jan Hus, who was burned at the stake.
- 1431 AD: Joan of Arc, a French national hero, was burned at the stake.
- 1453 AD: The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire marked the end of the Byzantine Empire.
- 1455 AD: The Gutenberg Bible, the first Bible printed using a printing press, was made by Johann Gutenberg.
- 1478 AD: The Spanish Inquisition was set up by Pope Sixtus IV.
- 1484 AD, December 5: Pope Innocent VIII issued a document against witchcraft.
- 1506 AD: Pope Julius II ordered the old St. Peter's Basilica to be torn down to build a new one. The Vatican Swiss Guard was also founded.
- 1508–1512 AD: Michelangelo painted the famous ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
The Reformation
- 1517 AD: Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, which started the German Protestant Reformation.
- 1521 AD: The Diet of Worms condemned Luther's teachings.
- 1521 AD: Ferdinand Magellan claimed the Philippines for Spain, leading to the first Catholic mass there and the start of Christianity in East Asia.
- 1522 AD: Luther's NT, a German translation of the New Testament, was published.
- 1525 AD: The Anabaptist movement began.
- 1526 AD: Tyndale's NT, an English translation of the New Testament, was published. It was later banned.
- 1530 AD: The Augsburg Confession was written, and Luther founded the Lutheran Church.
- 1531 AD: Huldrych Zwingli led the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland.
- 1534 AD: King Henry VIII established the independent Church of England.
- 1534 AD: The Jesuit order was founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Jesuits became important missionaries around the world.
- 1535 AD: Thomas More was executed because he refused to accept King Henry VIII as the head of the Church in England.
- 1536 AD: John Calvin wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion, a key book for Calvinism.
- 1536–1540 AD: The Dissolution of the Monasteries took place in England, Wales, and Ireland.
- 1541 AD: John Calvin returned to Geneva to set up a religious government.
- 1542 AD: The Roman Inquisition was established by Pope Paul III.
- 1545–1563 AD: The Catholic Council of Trent was part of the Counter-Reformation. It clearly defined Catholic theology and the biblical canon.
- 1553 AD: Michael Servetus, who founded Unitarianism, was burned at the stake in Geneva under Calvin.
- 1553–1558 AD: Queen Mary I of England, known as "Bloody Mary", persecuted reformers. Many were burned at the stake.
- 1560 AD: The Geneva Bible was published. It was popular and the first Bible with chapter and verse numbers.
- 1560–1598 AD: The French Wars of Religion took place.
- 1572 AD: John Knox founded the Scotch Presbyterian Church.
- 1582 AD: The Gregorian calendar was adopted in different parts of the world.
- 1589 AD: Metropolitan Jove was elected the first Patriarch of Moscow.
- 1592 AD: The Clementine Vulgate became the standard Latin Catholic Bible.
- 1596 AD: The Ukrainian Catholic Church was formed, reuniting with Rome.
The 17th Century
- 1600 AD: Giordano Bruno, a Dominican priest, was burned at the stake.
- 1609 AD: The Baptist Church was founded by John Smyth. They believed in adult baptism and wanted church and state to be separate.
- 1611–1800 AD: The King James Version (Authorised Version) of the Bible was released. It became a very important English translation.
- 1618–1648 AD: The Thirty Years' War was a major conflict in Europe, often involving religious differences.
- 1620 AD: The Plymouth Colony was founded in North America.
- 1636 AD: Harvard University was founded as a school to train ministers.
- 1648 AD: George Fox started the Quaker movement.
- 1653–56 AD: The Raskol (schism) happened within the Russian Orthodox Church.
- 1675 AD: Philipp Jakob Spener published Pia Desideria, which started the Pietism movement, focusing on personal devotion.
- 1678 AD: John Bunyan published Pilgrim's Progress, a famous Christian book.
- 1685 AD: The Edict of Fontainebleau made Protestantism illegal in France.
- 1692 AD: The Salem witch trials took place in Colonial America.
The 18th Century
- 1721 AD: Peter the Great replaced the Moscow Patriarchate with the Holy Synod to control the Russian Orthodox Church.
- 1730–1749 AD: The First Great Awakening was a period of religious revival in the U.S.
- 1738 AD: The Methodist movement, led by John Wesley and Charles, began.
- 1767–1815 AD: The Jesuit order was suppressed by various governments and the Pope.
- 1779 AD: The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom stated that government should not force religion on anyone.
- 1780 AD: Robert Raikes started Sunday schools to teach poor children in England.
- 1784 AD: American Methodists formed the Methodist Episcopal Church.
- 1789–1801 AD: The Dechristianisation of France during the French Revolution saw efforts to reduce the influence of Christianity in France.
- 1791 AD: The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteed religious freedom.
- 1795 AD: The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine promoted Deism, a belief in God based on reason, not revelation.
The 19th Century
- 1800 AD: Friedrich Schleiermacher published his first book, starting the Liberal Christianity movement.
- 1816 AD: Bishop Richard Allen, a former slave, founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first African-American Christian group.
- 1830 AD: Charles Finney's revivals led to the Second Great Awakening in America.
- 1830 AD, April 6: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was founded by Joseph Smith, Jr.. The Book of Mormon was also published.
- 1833 AD: John Keble's sermon started the Oxford Movement in England, which aimed to bring back older Christian traditions.
- 1844 AD, October 22: The Great Disappointment occurred when a prediction of Jesus's Second Coming did not happen.
- 1854 AD: The Immaculate Conception of Mary was made an official Catholic teaching.
- 1855 AD: Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher, founded Christian existentialism.
- 1863 AD: The Seventh-day Adventist Church was officially formed.
- 1865 AD: William Booth founded the Salvation Army, aiming to help the poor and needy.
- 1869–1870 AD: The Catholic First Vatican Council declared the doctrine of Papal Infallibility (the Pope cannot be wrong on matters of faith and morals).
- 1870 AD: Italy took over the Papal States, and they stopped existing.
- 1879 AD: The Church of Christ, Scientist was founded by Mary Baker Eddy.
- 1884 AD: Charles Taze Russell founded the Bible Student movement, now known as Jehovah's Witnesses.
- 1894 AD: The Kingdom of God is Within You by Leo Tolstoy started the idea of Christian anarchism.
- 1897 AD: The Christian flag was created in Brooklyn, New York.
The 20th Century
- 1906 AD: Albert Schweitzer published The Quest of the Historical Jesus, a very important book about Jesus's life.
- 1906–1909 AD: The Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles started the modern Pentecostal movement, focusing on spiritual gifts.
- 1910 AD: The Edinburgh Missionary Conference launched the modern missions movement and the modern ecumenical movement (working for Christian unity).
- 1913 AD: Our Lady of Fatima reportedly appeared to three children in Portugal.
- 1915–1917 AD: The Armenian Genocide saw many Armenians, who were mostly Christian, killed.
- 1917 AD: The Moscow Patriarchy was restored in Russia, with Tikhon as patriarch.
- 1918 AD: The Holy Martyrs of Russia, including the last tsar, Nicholas II, were executed.
- 1925 AD: The Scopes Trial in the U.S. debated the teaching of evolution in schools, causing divisions among Christians.
- 1929 AD: The Lateran Treaty was signed between Italy and the papacy, creating Vatican City as an independent state.
- 1931 AD: The Christ the Redeemer (statue) statue was completed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 1945 AD: Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a German pastor who resisted the Nazis, was executed.
- 1947 AD: The Dead Sea scrolls, ancient Jewish texts, were discovered.
- 1948 AD: The World Council of Churches was founded to promote unity among Christian churches.
- 1949 AD: Evangelist Billy Graham held his first major crusade in Los Angeles.
- 1950 AD: The Assumption of Mary was declared an official Catholic teaching by Pope Pius XII.
- 1950 AD: The Missionaries of Charity was founded by Mother Teresa.
- 1952 AD: C. S. Lewis published Mere Christianity, a popular book explaining Christian beliefs.
- 1954 AD: The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance was changed to include "one nation under God."
- 1956 AD: "In God We Trust" was made the U.S. national motto.
- 1962–1965 AD: The Catholic Second Vatican Council was a major meeting that brought many changes and updates to the Roman Catholic Church.
- 1963 AD: Martin Luther King led a civil rights march in Washington, D.C..
- 1963 AD: A U.S. Supreme Court ruling banned the reading of the Bible in public schools.
- 1970s: The Jesus movement became popular in the U.S., focusing on a personal relationship with Jesus.
- 1978–2005 AD: Pope John Paul II was a very influential pope.
- 1979 AD: The movie Jesus was released, becoming one of the most watched movies ever.
- 1988 AD: The movie The Last Temptation of Christ caused controversy among Christian groups.
- 1992 AD: The new Catechism of the Catholic Church was published, summarizing Catholic teachings.
The 21st Century
- 2004 AD: Mel Gibson's film The Passion of the Christ was released.
- 2005 AD: Pope John Paul II died, and Pope Benedict XVI was elected.
- 2013 AD: Pope Benedict XVI resigned, and Pope Francis was elected as the new Pope.
See also
In Spanish: Anexo:Cronología del cristianismo para niños