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List of place names of Native American origin in the United States facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts

Many places throughout the United States of America take their names from the languages of the indigenous Native American/American Indian tribes. The following list includes settlements, geographic features, and political subdivisions whose names are derived from these languages.

State names

Alabama

  • Tuscaloosa and Tuscaloosa County – derived from Muskogean words tashka (warrior) and lusa (black). Chief Tuskaloosa is remembered for leading a battle against Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto in southern Alabama in 1540. The Black Warrior River, originally named Tuskaloosa River, is also named in his honor.
  • Tuskegee – from the Koasati word tasquiqui (warriors).
  • Wetumpka- an Alabamu tribal name, referring to both a traditional Alabamu Indian village and the band of people who lived there. Although the villagers were Alabamu Indians, "Wetumpka" was not their own word for themselves – it was the name given to the village by the neighboring Creek tribe. Wetumhka (also spelled Wetumka, Wetumhkv, We-wau-tum-cau, and a variety of other ways) means "tumbling water" in Creek, and refers to a waterfall near the village site.

Alaska

  • Denali, Denali National Park – from Koyukon deenaalee, "the tall one" (with -naał-, "be long/tall").

Arizona

Arkansas

  • Solgohachia (pronounced saw-guh-HATCH-ee [1]) is an unincorporated community in Conway County, Arkansas, United States, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Morrilton on state highway 9 and Highway 287. The name is from the Choctaw word Sok-ko-huch-cha, meaning "muscadine river" (Cushman, p. 603).

California

Colorado

Connecticut

  • Housatonic River From the Mohican phrase "usi-a-di-en-uk", translated as "beyond the mountain place"
  • Niantic River and Niantic village – For the Niantic tribe, called the Nehântick or Nehantucket in their own language
  • Quinnipiac River – From an Algonquian phrase for "long water land".
  • Hammonasset Beach – for the Hammonassett tribe of Eastern Woodland Indians, one of five tribes that inhabited the shoreline area of Connecticut. The Indian word “Hammonassett” means “where we dig holes in the ground,” a reference to the tribe's agricultural way of life.

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

  • Cataula – a small community on US 27 in Harris County where 20th century guitar virtuoso Chet Adkins was born
  • Chattahoochee River – a major tributary of the Apalachicola River that makes up the southern half of the Alabama-Georgia border
  • Cherokee County
  • Coweta County
  • Dahlonega
  • Muscogee County
  • Nankipooh – once a whistle stop on the Central of Georgia railroads "R" branch, it is now a suburb of Columbus
  • Ochillie – a creek that flows northwest through Chattahoochee county, within the boundaries of the Fort Benning military reservation, and into Upatoi creek
  • Schatulga – a small community in western Columbus/Muscogee County
  • Seminole County
  • Toccoa
  • Upatoi – a creek that runs between Muscogee and Chattahoochee counties in west-central Georgia
  • Weracoba – a creek and city park in Columbus

Idaho

Illinois

Communities

Counties and Townships

  • Cahokia Township – The name refers to one of the clans of the historic Illini confederacy, who met early French explorers to the region
  • Chebanse Township – "Chebanse" derives from zhishibéns, meaning "the little duck" in the Potawatomi language
  • Chillicothe Township – comes from the name of the Chalagawtha sept of the Shawnee nation
  • Dakota Township
  • Erie Township – named after Erie County, New York which in turn was named after Lake Erie. The lake was named by the Erie people, a Native American people who lived along its southern shore. The tribal name "erie" is a shortened form of the Iroquoian word erielhonan, meaning "long tail"
  • Fox Township in Kendall County and in Jasper County – from the Fox tribe
  • Genesee Township – from the Iroquois word Genesee, meaning "shining valley" or "beautiful valley"
  • Geneseo Township – "Geneseo" is a variation of the Iroquois word Genesee, meaning "shining valley" or "beautiful valley"
  • Illini Township
  • Illiopolis Township – The name was formed from Illinois and -polis, a Greek suffix meaning "city".
  • Iroquois County and Iroquois Township – Named after the Iroquois Indian tribe.
  • Kankakee County and Kankakee Township
  • Kansas Township in Edgar County and in Woodford County – named by the French after the Kansas, Omaha, Kaw, Osage and Dakota Sioux Indian word "KaNze" meaning, in the Kansas language, "south wind."
  • Kaskaskia Township – "Cascasquia" is an alternative, supposedly more French, spelling of "Kaskaskia" that is sometimes encountered. It was named after a clan of the Illiniwek encountered by the early French Jesuits and other settlers.
  • Kewanee Township – "Kewanee" is the Winnebago word for greater prairie chicken
  • Kickapoo Township – named after the Kickapoo people
  • Macoupin CountyMiami-Illinois term for the American lotus, Nelumbo lutea
  • Nachusa Township
  • Peoria County – named after the Peoria Tribe which previously lived in the area
  • Sangamon County – from a Pottawatomie word Sain-guee-mon meaning "where there is plenty to eat."
  • Sciota Township – The name Scioto is derived from the Wyandot word skɛnǫ·tǫ’ meaning “deer”
  • Wabash County – The name "Wabash" is an English spelling of the French name for the river, "Ouabache." French traders named the river after the Miami Indian word for the river, "Wabashike," (pronounced "Wah-bah-she-keh"), the word for "pure white."
  • Winnebago County

Lakes and rivers

Protected areas

Names from fiction

  • Metamora – based on the character in the popular play Metamora; or, The Last of the Wampanoags
  • Niota – based on the name of a fictional character in a dime novel, a Native American chief named "Nee-o-tah"

Indiana

  • Delaware County – named for the Delaware, who were moved to the area in the 1840s.
  • Miami County – named for the Miami, a Native American people, many of whom still live in this area.
  • Mishawaka – named after Shawnee Princess Mishawaka
  • Mississinewa River – partly derived from the Miami Indian word namahchissinwi which means "falling waters" or "much fall in the water".
  • Salamonie River – derived from the Miami Indian word osahmonee which means "yellow paint". The Indians would make yellow paint from the bloodroot plant that grew along the river banks.
  • Shipshewana – named after Potawatomi Chief Shipshewana
  • Tippecanoe River – name comes from a Miami-Illinois word for buffalo fish, reconstructed as */kiteepihkwana/.
  • Wabash River – French traders named the river after the Miami Indian word for the river, waapaahšiiki, meaning "it shines white", "pure white", or "water over white stones"
  • Wanatah – named after the Potawatomi Chief Wanatah, meaning ‘Knee Deep in Mud’, "He who Charges His Enemies" or "The Charger"
  • Wapahani High School – Wapahani is a Delaware Indian word for "White River"
  • Lake Wawasee – named for Miami chief Wawasee (Wau-wuh-see), brother of Miami chief Papakeecha, which translated means "Flat Belly"
  • Winamac – town name from the Potawatomi word for "catfish"

Iowa

Kansas

  • Osage City – The Osage Nation (English pronunciation: /ˈoʊseɪdʒ/ OH-sayj) (Ni-u-kon-ska, “People of the Middle Waters”) is a Midwestern Native American tribe
  • Osawatomie – a compound of two primary Native American Indian tribes from the area, the Osage and Pottawatomie
  • OttawaOttawa Tribe is one of four federally recognized Native American tribes of Odawa people in the United States
  • Shawnee – The Shawnee Tribe is a federally recognized Native American tribe.
  • Tonganoxie – derives its name from a member of the Delaware tribe that once occupied land in what is now Leavenworth County and western Wyandotte County
  • Topeka – from Kansa dóppikʔe, "a good place to dig wild potatoes"
  • WichitaWichita (/ˈwɪɪtɔː/ witch-I-taw) disputed; from Choctaw, "Big Arbor".Osage, "Scattered Lodges". Kiowa, "Tattooed Faces". Creek, "Barking Water".

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

  • Housatonic River From the Mohican phrase "usi-a-di-en-uk", translated as "beyond the mountain place"

Michigan

Minnesota

Political units

The following are state, county, townships, cities, towns, villages and major city neighborhoods of Minnesota with placenames of indigenous origin in the Americas.

Water bodies

Landforms

  • Mesabi Range

Mississippi

Counties

Municipalities & unincorporated communities

Geographic features

  • Abiaca Creek
  • Abotcaputa Creek
  • Alampa Creek
  • Alamuchee Creek
  • Amite River
  • Apookta Creek
  • Archusa Creek
  • Arkabutla Creek and Arkabutla Lake
  • Lake Atchafalaya (Atchafalaya Bayou, Silver City, Mississippi)
  • Bagasha Creek
  • Bahala Creek
  • Bala Chitto Creek
  • Balucta Creek
  • Batupan Bogue
  • Bayou Costapia
  • Bayou Talla (Hancock County) and Bayou Talla (Jackson County)
  • Beasha Creek
  • Besa Chitto Creek
  • Bibalucta Creek
  • Biba Wila Creek
  • Biloxi River and Biloxi Bay
  • Bodka Creek
  • Big Bogue
  • Big Scooba Creek, Little Scooba Creek, and Flat Scooba Creek
  • Bogue Cheely
  • Bogue Chitto River and several creeks named Bogue Chitto with headwaters in Hinds, Kemper, Noxubee, and Clarke Counties – from Choctaw bok (creek) and chito (big)
  • Bogue Culley
  • Bogue Ealiah Creek, Boguefala Creek, Boque Falia Creek, Bogue Faliah, Bogue Fallah, Bogue Flower (Lauderdale County), Bogue Flower (Clarke County), and Bogue Phalia – from Choctaw bok (creek) and falaa (long)
  • Bogue Falema Creek
  • Bogue Hasty
  • Bogue Homo, Bogue Homo & Bogue Homo Lake, and Bogue Homa – from Choctaw bok (creek) and homma (red)
  • Bogue Statinea
  • Boguegaba Creek
  • Bokshenya Creek
  • Bolatusha Creek
  • Bolingchessa Creek
  • Bollybusha Creek
  • Bophumpa Creek
  • Bose Nukse Creek
  • Boughenia Creek
  • Buckatunna Creek and Buckatunna Lake
  • Busfaloba Creek
  • Butputter Creek – uncertain etymology
  • Buttahatchee River
  • Byhalia Creek
  • By-Wy Creek and Bywy Creek
  • Calabrella Creek
  • Canna Creek
  • Castaffa Creek
  • Catahoula Creek
  • Catalpa Creek
  • Chautauqua Lake & Lake Chautauqua – named after Chautauqua Lake in New York, which has Iroquoian origin.
  • Chenokaby Creek, an older name for Scotchenflipper Creek
  • Chewalla Creek and Chewalla Lake – from Chickasaw chowaala (cedar); Chewawah Creek is possibly a corrupted form of that same etymology
  • Chicago Branch – named for Chicago, itself derived from a Great Lakes Algonquian language.
  • Chickasaw Bayou and Chickasaw Hill
  • Chickasawhay River and Chickasawhay Creek
  • Chicopa Creek
  • Chicwillasaw Creek
  • Chief Chisca Lake
  • Chilli Creek
  • Chinchahoma Creek
  • Chittobochiah Creek and its historic name, Ittobechi Creek.
  • Chiwapa Creek
  • Chubby Creek (Itawamba County) and Chubby Creek (Benton County)
  • Chunky Creek and Chunky River
  • Chuquatonchee Creek
  • Coffadeliah Creek
  • Coffee Bogue
  • Coila Creek
  • Comite Creek – very uncertain etymology
  • Concobona Creek
  • Conehatta Creek
  • Conehoma Creek
  • Coonewah Creek
  • Coonipper Creek
  • Coonshuck Creek
  • Copiah Creek and Copiah Lake
  • Cuffawa Creek
  • Cushtusia Creek
  • Escatawpa River
  • Etehomo Creek
  • Euclautubba Creek
  • Eucutta Creek and Eutacutachee Creek
  • Fannegusha Creek, Fannegusha Creek, and Old Fannegusha Creek
  • Funny Creek and Funny Yockana Creek
  • Hashuqua Creek
  • Hatchapaloo Creek
  • Hatchie River – related to the common root word for "river" in Muscogean languages, such as Choctaw hvcha or hacha and Creek hvtce; however, the river is located within traditional Chickasaw homeland of North Mississippi, and the modern Chickasaw word for river is abookoshi’, suggesting that either the name is a more recent appellation or that the Chickasaw language has diverged from Choctaw.
  • Hickahala Creek
  • Hobolochitto Creek
  • Hobuck Creek
  • Hollicar Creek
  • Homochitto River
  • Hontokalo Creek
  • Hornolucka Creek
  • Hotopha Creek
  • Houlka Creek
  • Hushpuckena River and Hushpuckena Creek
  • Ichusa Creek
  • Ishitubba Creek
  • Jofuska Creek
  • Kentawka Canal
  • Kentuctah Creek
  • Kenty Creek
  • Kickapoo Lake – named after the Kickapoo people originally of the Illinois Country
  • Kinterbish Creek
  • Kittahutty Creek
  • Lafomby Creek
  • Lake Itawamba
  • Lake Mohawk – named for the Mohawk, an Iroquois nation from New York
  • Lake Monocnoc
  • Lake Piomingo
  • Lake Pushmataha
  • Lake Sequoyah
  • Lake Tallaha
  • Lake Tangipahoa
  • Lake Tiak-O'Khata
  • Lappatubby Creek
  • Little Bogue
  • Loakfoma Creek and Loakfoma Lake
  • Lobutcha Creek
  • Lonsilocher Canal
  • Lucknuck Creek
  • Lukfapa Creek
  • Luneluah Creek
  • Luxapallila Creek
  • Magowah Creek
  • Mantachie Creek
  • Mattubby Creek
  • Minga Branch (Monroe County), Mingo Branch (Tishomingo County), and Mingo Creek (Clarke County) – named after the Chickasaw minko’ (chief), not the Mingo people
  • Minnehaha River (Magnolia, Mississippi) – named after the Minnehaha Falls in Minnesota
  • Mississippi River and Mississippi Sound – from the Ojibwe 'Great River'
  • Mubby Creek
  • Nanabe Creek
  • Nanih Waiya Creek
  • Natchez Island and Natchez Lake
  • Neshoba County Lake
  • Nita Lake
  • Nonconnah Creek, in Tennessee and slightly within Marshall County, Mississippi
  • Noxapater Creek
  • Noxubee River
  • Nuakfuppa Creek
  • Nusichiya Creek, an older name for Line Creek
  • Oaklimeter Creek
  • Oakohay Creek
  • Oak Slush Creek, previously Okshash Creek
  • Ocobla Creek
  • Okachickima Creek
  • Okahatta Creek
  • Okannatie Creek
  • Okatibbee Creek and Okatibbee Lake
  • Okatoma Creek
  • Okatuppa Creek
  • Okeelala Creek
  • Okhissa Lake
  • Oktibbeha County Lake
  • Oktibee Creek
  • Oktoc Creek
  • Okwakee Creek
  • Otak Creek
  • Otoucalofa Creek
  • Pachuta Creek
  • Palusha Creek Canal
  • Pascagoula River and Pascagoula Bay
  • Pawticfaw Creek
  • Peachahala Creek
  • Pechahalee Creek
  • Pee Dee Creek – named after the Pee Dee River in South Carolina
  • Pelahatchie Creek and Pelahatchie Bay
  • Pellaphalia Creek
  • Pelucia Creek and Pelucia Bayou
  • Penantly Creek
  • Pinishook Creek
  • Ponta Creek
  • Pontotoc Ridge
  • Potacocowa Creek
  • Poticaw Bayou
  • Potlockney Creek
  • Potterchitto Creek
  • Pottock Creek
  • Puchshinnubie Creek
  • Pushacoona Creek
  • Pushepatapa Creek
  • Puskus Creek and Puskus Lake
  • Quarterliah Creek
  • Quilby Creek
  • Sabougla Creek
  • Sanoosee Creek, historical name of Snoody Creek; also Sanooda Creek
  • Santee Branch – either from Choctaw santi (snake) or named after the Santee River in South Carolina, which was itself named after the Santee tribe
  • Scoobachita Creek
  • Scutchalo Creek and Scutchalo Falls
  • Senatobia Creek
  • Seneasha Creek
  • Sewayiah Creek
  • Shackaloa Creek
  • Shaui Koli Creek
  • Shiola Creek
  • Shockaloo Creek
  • Shongelo Creek and Shongelo Lake
  • Shubuta Creek
  • Shutispear Creek
  • Sipsey Creek
  • Skillikalia Bayou
  • Skuna River
  • Socki Creek
  • Soctahoma Creek
  • Souenlovie Creek
  • Sowashee Creek
  • Sucarnoochee River
  • Sucatolba Creek
  • Sugar Bogue
  • Suqualena Creek
  • Tallabinnela Creek
  • Tallabogue Creek (Clarke County), Tallabogue (northern Scott County), and Tallabogue (southern Scott County)
  • Tallachula Creek
  • Tallahaga Creek
  • Tallahala Creek and Tallahalla Creek
  • Tallahatchie River
  • Tallahatta Creek and Tallahattah Creek
  • Tallahoma Creek
  • Tallashua Creek
  • Tampa Creek
  • Tangipahoa River
  • Tarlechia Creek
  • Tarlow Creek
  • Tchoutacabouffa River
  • Tchula Lake
  • Tennessee River
  • Teoc Creek (Kemper County), Teoc Creek (Carroll County), and Teock Creek
  • Teoctalia Creek
  • Tesheva Creek
  • Tibbee Creek, Tibbee Lake, Tibby Creek Attala County, and Tibby Creek
  • Tibbehoy Creek
  • Tickfaw River
  • Tifallili Creek
  • Tilda Bogue
  • Tillatoba Creek and Tillatoba Lake
  • Tippah River
  • Tippo Bayou
  • Tishkill Creek
  • Tishomingo Creek
  • Tishtony Creek
  • Toby Tubby Creek
  • Toccopola Creek
  • Tokeba Bayou
  • Tombigbee River
  • Tonacana Creek
  • Toomsuba Creek
  • Topashaw Creek
  • Topisaw Creek
  • Tubbalubba Creek
  • Tubby Creek
  • Tuckabum Creek
  • Tumbaloo Creek
  • Tunica Hills and Tunica Lake
  • Tuscolameta Creek
  • Tuscahoma Formation
  • Tuscumbia River
  • Tuxachanie Creek
  • Upper Bogue
  • Wahalak Creek
  • Walkiah Bluff
  • Waukomis Lake
  • Wautubbee Formation
  • Wingo Branch
  • Yalobusha River
  • Yamacrow Creek
  • Yanubbee Creek
  • Yazoo River
  • Yockanookany River
  • Yocona River
  • Yoda Creek
  • Yonaba Creek
  • Yonkapin Lake

Missouri

Montana

  • Absaroka– named after the Absaroka Indians, derived from Hidatsa name for the Crow people; it means "children of the large-beaked bird."
  • Bear Paw Mountains – Indigenous names include Assiniboine: Waną́ be, lit. 'bear paws', Crow: Daxpitcheeischikáate, lit. 'bear's little hand', and Gros Ventre: lit. 'there are many buttes'.
  • Belly River – The name of the river may come from the Blackfoot word mokowan of mokoan, meaning 'stomach'. The river was previously referred to as Mokowan River.[1] Its Gros Ventre name also means 'belly river'.
  • Blackfoot – The Blackfoot Confederacy, Niitsitapi or Siksikaitsitapi meaning "the people" or "Blackfoot-speaking real people"[a]) is a historic collective name for linguistically related groups that make up the Blackfoot or Blackfeet people: The Siksika ("Blackfoot"), the Kainai or Kainah ("Blood"), and two sections of the Piikani (Piegan Blackfeet), the Northern Piikani (Aapátohsipikáni) and the Southern Piikani (Amskapi Piikani or Pikuni). Broader definitions include groups, like the Tsúùtínà (Sarcee) and A'aninin (Gros Ventre), spoke quite different languages but allied or joined with the Blackfoot Confederacy as well.
  • Comanche, named for the Comanche people of the southern plains
  • Crazy Mountains – "Crazy Woman Mountains" given them, in complement to their original Crow name, after a woman who went insane and lived in them after her family was killed in the westward settlement movement.
  • Kalispell, Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake"
  • Kootenay, Kootenai are an indigenous people of Montana, Idaho, Alberta and British Columbia. They are part of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes in the United States.
  • Yaak River (A’ak, Yaac, Yahk, Yahkh, and Yak) – is a Kootenay word meaning ‘arrow’.
  • Yellowstone – This is a translation of the Hidatsa name Mi tsi ada-zi ("Yellow Rock River"). French trappers named the river Roche Jaune, and later American trappers translated it into English as "Yellow Stone".

Nebraska

Nevada

New Jersey

New Hampshire

New Mexico

  • Jemez Springs – named for the nearby Pueblo of Jemez
  • NambeTewa: Nambe Owingeh [nɑ̃̀ŋbèʔ ʔówîŋgè]; Nambé is the Spanish version of a similar-sounding Tewa word, which can be interpreted loosely as meaning "rounded earth."
  • PojoaqueTewa: P'osuwaege Owingeh [p’òhsũ̀wæ̃̀gè ʔówîŋgè]
  • Taos – The English name Taos derives from the native Taos language meaning "place of red willows"
  • TesuqueTewa: Tetsuge Owingeh [tèʔts’úgé ʔówîŋgè])
  • Tucumcari – from Tucumcari Mountain, which is situated nearby. Where the mountain got its name is uncertain. It may have come from the Comanche word tʉkamʉkarʉ, which means 'ambush'. A 1777 burial record mentions a Comanche woman and her child captured in a battle at Cuchuncari, which is believed to be an early version of the name Tucumcari.

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Pembina – an Ojibwa word for viburnum edule, a plant with red berries which grows in the area. Nineteenth-century journal-writers and observers have translated the word as "summer berry" or "high cranberry".

Ohio

  • Ashtabula – from Lenape ashtepihəle, 'always enough (fish) to go around, to be given away'; contraction from apchi 'always' + tepi 'enough' + həle (verb of motion).
  • Chillicothe – from Shawnee Chala·ka·tha, referring to members of one of the five divisions of the Shawnee people: Chalaka (name of the Shawnee group, of unknown meaning) + -tha 'person'; the present Chillicothe is the most recent of seven places in Ohio that have held that name, because it was applied to the main town wherever the Chalakatha settled as they moved to different places.
  • Conneaut – probably derived from Seneca ga-nen-yot, 'standing stone'. See the article conneaut. Compare Juniata, originating from the name Onayutta or Onojutta in another Iroquoian language (probably Susquehannock), and the Oneida nation, whose name Onę˙yóteˀ also means 'standing stone'.
  • Coshocton – derived from Unami Lenape Koshaxkink 'where there is a river crossing', probably adapted as Koshaxktun 'ferry' ('river-crossing device').
  • Cuyahoga – originally Mohawk Cayagaga 'crooked river', possibly related to kayuha 'creek' or kahyonhowanen 'river'. The Mohawk form of the name "Cayagaga" means 'crooked river', though it became assimilated to the Seneca name "Cuyohaga," meaning 'place of the jawbone' in Seneca. The river is in an area mainly settled by the Seneca people in the 18th century, and the Seneca name stuck.
  • GeaugaOnondaga jyo’ä·gak, Seneca jo’ä·ka’, 'raccoon' (originally the name of the Grand River).
  • Mingo and Mingo Junction – named after the Mingo people, Iroquoians who moved west to Ohio in the 18th century, largely of the Seneca nation; alternate form Minqua, both derived from Lenape Menkwe, referring to all Iroquoian peoples in general, possibly from Onondaga yenkwe, 'men'.
  • MuskingumShawnee Mshkikwam 'swampy ground' (mshkikwi- 'swamp' + -am 'earth'); The Muskingum River was the channel by which eastern Ohio was penetrated, mainly by the Delawares during the first half of the eighteenth century, and to a much lesser extent by bands of Shawnees preceding the Delawares by a few decades. In its present form Muskingum, this river name has been in use among both Indians and whites for more than two centuries as another one of those terms of Indian-white travel-and-trade lingo, such as Ohio, Scioto, and others.

Whatever its aboriginal form may have been, Muskingum as a river name was fragmentary, requiring in any Indian language the addition of a term signifying 'river.' Zeisberger and other Moravian missioners spelled it Muskingum, as we do today, as well as Mushkingum (transliterated from German-based Muschkingum). Most likely, both of these spellings represented two different pronunciations current among the Delawares. Zeisberger's definition of the name, based on a combination of moos, 'an elk,' and wuschking, 'eye' (in his own spelling), meaning 'elk's eye,' looks like a folk etymology resting on the similarity in sound between Muschkingum and wuschgingunk (Zeisberger's spelling), defined as 'on or in the eye.'

John Johnston states that 'Muskingum is a Delaware word, and means a town on the river side.' This is partly correct and partly wrong. Muskingum (or Mushkingum, for that matter) indeed is a Delaware word, but by no stretch of the imagination does it mean 'a town on the river side.' It is certain though that it named a town on the river side. Possibly this town was an old Shawnee settlement whose name the nearby Delawares adapted to their own tongue in the form of *M'shkiink'm (Mushkinkum), and by force of folk etymology understood it to mean 'elk's eye.' It appears quite probable that the original Shawnee place name as assimilated by the Delawares, may have been *m'shkeenkw/aam(-), a Shawnee term combining *m'shkeenkw-, 'swampy,' with -aam, a stem approximately denoting '(land, soil, etc.) being as indicated,' and invariably followed by -'chki or some other adverbial determinant, with the composite meaning, 'where the land is swampy, soggy.' Where this place was located, it is impossible to ascertain.

Evidently, in their assimilation of this Shawnee place name, the Delawares, disregarding as unessential the final locative affix, were solely concerned with *M'shkeenkwaam, from which it was but a small step, over intermediary *M'shkeenk'm, to folk-etymologically conditioned *Muushkiink'm ( Mushkinkum; Muskingum).</ref> taken to mean 'elk's eye' in Lenape by folk etymology, as if < mus 'elk' + wəshkinkw 'its eye'.

  • Ohio River – from Seneca Ohiyo 'the best river' or 'the big river'. Ohiyo (pronounced "oh-ˈhee-yoh") is the Iroquois translation of the Algonquian name Allegheny, which also means 'the best river'. The Indians considered the Allegheny and Ohio to be all one river. Alleghany, or as some prefer to write it, Allegheny, – the Algonkin name of the Ohio River, but now restricted to one of its branches, – is probably (Delaware) welhik-hanné or [oo]lik-hanné, 'the best (or, the fairest) river.' Welhik (as Zeisberger wrote it) is the inanimate form of the adjectival, meaning 'best,' 'most beautiful.' In his Vocabulary, Zeisberger gave this synthesis, with slight change of orthography, as "Wulach'neü" [or [oo]lakhanne[oo], as Eliot would have written it,] with the free translation, "a fine River, without Falls." The name was indeed more likely to belong to rivers 'without falls' or other obstruction to the passage of canoes, but its literal meaning is, as its composition shows, "best rapid-stream," or "finest rapid-stream;" "La Belle Riviere" of the French, and the Oue-yo´ or O hee´ yo Gä-hun´-dä, "good river" or "the beautiful river," of the Senecas. For this translation of the name we have very respectable authority, – that of Christian Frederick Post, a Moravian of Pennsylvania, who lived seventeen years with the Muhhekan Indians and was twice married among them, and whose knowledge of the Indian languages enabled him to render important services to the colony, as a negotiator with the Delawares and Shawanese of the Ohio, in the French war. In his "Journal from Philadelphia to the Ohio" in 1758, after mention of the 'Alleghenny' river, he says: "The Ohio, as it is called by the Sennecas. Alleghenny is the name of the same river in the Delaware language. Both words signify the fine or fair river." La Metairie, the notary of La Salle's expedition, "calls the Ohio, the Olighinsipou, or Aleghin; evidently an Algonkin name," – as Dr. Shea remarks. Heckewelder says that the Delawares "still call the Allegany (Ohio) river, Alligéwi Sipu.</ref>
  • Olentangy – an Algonquian name, probably from Lenape ulam tanchi or Shawnee holom tenshi, both meaning 'red face paint from there'. The Vermilion River likewise was named with a translation of the original Ottawa name Ulam Thipi, 'red face paint river'.
  • Piqua – Shawnee Pekowi, name of one of the five divisions of the Shawnee.
  • Sandusky – from Wyandot saandusti meaning 'water (within water-pools)' or from andusti 'cold water'.
  • Scioto – derived from Wyandot skɛnǫ·tǫ’, 'deer' (compare Shenandoah, also derived from the word for deer in a related Iroquoian language).
  • Tuscarawas – after the Iroquoian Tuscarora people, who at one time had a settlement along the river of that name.
  • Wapakoneta – from Shawnee Wa·po’kanite 'Place of White Bones' (wa·pa 'white'+(h)o’kani 'bone'+-ite locative suffix).

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

  • Allegheny – probably from Lenape welhik hane or oolik hanna, which means 'best flowing river of the hills' or 'beautiful stream'. Originally the name of the Allegheny River, later used to name the Allegheny Mountains too. David Zeisberger published a divergent view in 1780, giving the original form of the name as "Alligewinenk, which means 'a land into which they came from distant parts'."
  • AliquippaLenape alukwepi 'hat'; after Queen Aliquippa, who was named that because she wore a large hat.
  • Analomink – From "tumbling water."
  • Catawissa – Lenape, 'growing fat;' a reference to a Delaware Chief in the area, Lapachpeton.
  • Conemaugh – Lenape kwənəmuxkw 'otter'.
  • Connoquenessing – Lenape, 'A long way straight'
  • Conshohocken – Lenape kanshihakink 'in elegant land': kanshi 'elegant' + haki 'land' + -nk locative suffix.
  • Juniata River – from onoyutta, 'standing stone' in an Iroquoian language, probably Susquehannock. The Juniata Tribe lived by the river's banks and set up a tall standing stone with inscriptions in the center of their sacred meeting ground at the confluence of the Juniata River and Standing Stone Creek (in present-day Huntingdon). Compare Conneaut, Oneida.
  • Kingsessing – The name Kingsessing or Chinsessing comes from the Delaware word for "a place where there is a meadow".
  • Kiskiminetas – derived from Lenape kishku manitu 'make daylight' (kishku 'day' + manitu 'make' ), a command to warriors to break camp and go on maneuvers while it is still night (as though it were daylight), according to John Heckewelder.
  • Kittanning – Lenape kithanink 'on the main river': kit 'great, large, big' + hane 'swift river from the mountains' + -ink locative suffix, "the big river" or "the main river" being an epithet for the Allegheny-cum-Ohio, according to John Heckewelder.
George Inness - The Lackawanna Valley - Google Art Project
The Lackawanna Valley by George Inness (c. 1855)
  • Lackawanna – Lenape laxaohane 'fork of a river'
  • Loyalhanna – after the name of a Lenape town, Layalhanning, meaning 'at the middle of the river': layel or lawel 'middle' + hane 'river' + -ink locative suffix.
  • Loyalsock – Lenape, 'middle creek.' (It is located halfway between lycoming and muncy creeks.)
  • Lycoming – from Lenape lekawink 'place of sand' or lekawi hane 'sandy stream', from lekaw 'sand'.
  • Manayunk – Lenape məneyunk 'place of drinking': məne 'drink' + yu 'here' + -nk locative suffix.
  • Mauch Chunk – Lenape maxkw-chunk 'bear mountain'.
  • Mehoopany – Lenape, 'where there are wild potatoes."
  • Meshoppen Lenape, 'corals,' or 'beads.'
  • Monongahela – Lenape Mənaonkihəla 'the high riverbanks are washed down; the banks cave in or erode', inanimate plural of mənaonkihəle 'the dirt caves off (such as the bank of a river or creek; or in a landslide)' < mənaonke 'it has a loose bank (where one might fall in)' + -həle (verb of motion).
  • Muckinipattis – Lenape for 'deep running water', from mexitkwek 'a deep place full of water' or mexakwixen 'high water, freshet'.
  • Muncy–after the Munsee people < Munsee language mənsiw, 'person from Minisink' (minisink meaning 'at the island': mənəs 'island' + -ink locative suffix) + -iw attributive suffix.
  • Nanticoke – From the Nanticoke language, 'Tide water people.' (In reference to themselves)
  • Nemacolin – after the 18th-century Lenape chief Nemacolin.
  • NescopeckShawnee, 'deep and still water.'
  • Nittany – 'single mountain', from Lenape nekwti 'single' + ahtəne 'mountain'.
  • Ohiopyle – from the Lenape phrase ahi opihəle, 'it turns very white', referring to the frothy waterfalls.
  • Passyunk – from Lenape pahsayunk 'in the valley', from pahsaek 'valley' (also the name of Passaic, New Jersey).
  • Pennypack–Lenape pənəpekw 'where the water flows downward'.
  • Perkiomen – Lenape, 'where there are cranberries.'
  • Poconos – Lenape pokawaxne 'a creek between two hills'.
  • Punxsutawney – Lenape Punkwsutenay 'town of sandflies or mosquitoes': punkwəs 'sandfly' (<punkw 'dust' + -əs diminutive suffix) + utenay 'town'.
  • Pymatuning – Lenape Pimhatunink 'where there are facilities for sweating' < pim- 'to sweat in a sweat lodge' + hatu 'it is placed' + -n(e) inanimate object marker + -ink locative suffix.
  • Queonemysing – Lenape kwənamesink 'place of long fish': kwəni 'long' + names 'fish' + -ink locative suffix.
  • Quittapahilla Creek – Lenape kuwe ktəpehəle 'it flows out through the pines': kuwe 'pine tree' + ktəpehəle 'it flows out'.
  • Shackamaxon – Lenape sakimaksink 'place of the chiefs': sakima 'chief' + -k plural suffix + -s- (for euphony) -ink locative suffix
  • Shamokin – Lenape Shahəmokink 'place of eels', from shoxamekw 'eel' + -ink locative suffix.
  • Shickshinny – Lenape, 'a fine stream.'
  • Sinnemahoning – Lenape ahsəni mahonink 'stony lick', from ahsən 'stone' and mahonink 'at the salt lick'.
  • Susquehanna – Lenape siskuwihane 'muddy river': sisku 'mud' + -wi- (for euphony) + hane 'swift river from the mountains'.
  • Tamaqua – Lenape, 'running water;' named for a nearby river.
  • TiadaghtonSeneca, 'pine creek.'
  • Tinicum – Lenape mahtanikunk 'Where they catch up with each other'.
  • Tulpehocken – Lenape tulpehakink 'in the land of turtles': tulpe 'turtle' + haki 'land' + -nk locative suffix.
  • TiogaOnondaga, 'At the forks.'
  • Tionesta – Munsee, 'There it has fine banks.'
  • Towamensing – Lenape, 'pasture land,' (literally 'the place of feeding cattle.')
  • Towanda – Nanticoke, 'where we bury the dead.'
View on the wissahickon james peale
View on the Wissahickon by James Peale (1830)
  • Tunkhannock – Lenape tank hane 'narrow stream', from tank 'small' + hane 'stream'.
  • Venango – From Lenape 'Onange,' meaning 'a mink.'
  • Wapwallopen – Lenape òphalahpink, 'where the white wild hemp grows,' from òp- 'white' + halahpis 'Indian hemp' + -nk locative.
  • Wiconisco – Lenape wikin niskew 'A muddy place to live', from wikin 'to live in a place' + niskew 'to be dirty, muddy'.
  • Wissahickon – contraction of Lenape wisamekwhikan 'catfish creek': wisamekw 'catfish' (literally 'fat fish': <wisam 'fat' + -èkw, bound form of namès 'fish' ) + hikan 'ebb tide, mouth of a creek'.
  • Wyalusing – Lenape, 'the place where the aged man dwells,' a reference to the Moravian missionaries who set up a village in the area.
  • Wyoming Valley – Munsee, xwēwamənk 'at the big river flat': xw- 'big' + ēwam 'river flat' + ənk locative suffix.
  • Wysox – Lenape, 'the place of grapes.'
  • Youghiogheny – Lenape yuxwiakhane 'stream running a contrary or crooked course', according to John Heckewelder.

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Islands

Lakes

Rivers

South Dakota

Counties

Settlements

  • Canistota – from the New York Native American word canistoe, meaning "board on the water".
  • Capa – from the Sioux for "beaver".
  • Kadoka – Lakota for "hole in the wall".
  • Kampeska – Sioux for "bright and shining", "like a shell or glass".
  • Oacoma
  • Oglala – Lakota for "to scatter one's own".
  • Ottumwa – Algonquian word possibly meaning "rippling waters", "place of perseverance or self-will", or "town".
  • Owanka – Lakota for "good camping ground". It was originally named Wicota, a Lakota word meaning "a crowd".
  • Pukwana – the name given to the smoke emitted from a Native American peace pipe.
  • Ree Heights – named after the Arikara people, sometimes known as the Ree. Arikara may have been a neighboring tribe's word for "horns" or "male deer".
  • Seneca – from Algonquian sinnekaas, which referred to the Seneca people.
  • Teton – from Dakota tinton or tinta, meaning "prairie".
  • Wanblee – from Lakota Waŋblí Hoȟpi, meaning "golden eagle nest".
  • Wasta – from Dakota wastah, meaning "good".
  • Wakonda – from Sioux wakor or waukon, meaning "wonder, marvel, mystery, sacred".
  • Wakpala
  • Wecota – from Lakota wicota, meaning "a crowd".
  • Wetonka from Dakota wi-tȟáŋka, meaning "big sun".
  • Yankton – corruption of Sioux Ihanktonwan, meaning "the end village".

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Counties

Cities, towns and villages

Bodies of water, forests, parks or regions

Wyoming

  • Cheyenne – From Dakota Šahíyena, the diminutive of Šahíya, "Cree".
  • The name "Wyoming" comes from a Delaware Tribe word Mechaweami-ing or "maughwauwa-ma", meaning large plains or extensive meadows, which was the tribe's name for a valley in northern Pennsylvania. The name Wyoming was first proposed for use in the American West by Senator Ashley of Ohio in 1865 in a bill to create a temporary government for Wyoming Territory.
  • Popo Agie River – From the Absalooke or Crow Language Poppootcháashe, which means "Plopping River" for the sound the water makes when it comes out of the sinkhole in Sinks Canyon, near present Lander, Wyoming.
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